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The interactive Marginalization vs. Psychological Empowerment and Psychological Capital: Does it really affect the Psychological Commitment of new comers and/or young doctors?

Dr. Mohamed Nasr Saeed

Assist. Prof. in Business Administration Dept., Faculty of Commerce, Benha University, Egypt

Email: dr.mo7amed.n@gmail.com

Abstract: Why workers feel frustrated despite their best efforts in the organization? Why aren't they getting an expected positive response? Is the perceived response consistent with the realize response? What the difference between perceived and real mutual interactive marginalization? What the difference between external and internal mutual interactive marginalization? All these questions are answered by this study, which focuses on interactive marginalization and its role in workers not obtaining the expected response and feeling frustrated and the difference between the external interactive marginalization (out-to-in), and the internal interactive marginalization (in-to-out) and difference between two parts, perceived and real marginalization with its eight patterns between organization and society and its effect of new comers and/or young doctors' psychological commitment, The first direction (out-to-in) including four types: (1)-perceived outside marginalization Switch to a perceived marginalization in. (2)-perceived outside marginalization leads to real marginalization in. (3)-real out marginalization move towards a real marginalization in. (4)-real out marginalization goes to a perceived marginalization in. The second direction (in-to-out) includes four types: (1)-perceived inside marginalization leads to perceived marginalization out. (2)-perceived inside marginalization switch to real marginalization out. (3)-real inside marginalization move towards perceived marginalization out. (4)-real inside marginalization goes to real marginalization out. research focused on studying the question about does interactive marginalization vs. psychological empowerment and psychological capital really affect the doctors' psychological commitment in educational hospitals? interactive marginalization as independent variable, psychological empowerment as an intermediate variable and psychological capital as a moderator variable in the relation between interactive marginalization (out-to-in & in-to-out) and psychological commitment. Through the results of exploratory study for researched public government schools and statistical analysis of a sample of (210) new and/or young doctors. Research based on four main hypotheses, while hypothesis (H₃) included four sub-hypotheses. (H₀1) and (H₀2) hypothesis was refused. In contrast, (H₃) and (H₄) hypothesis was admitted (agreeable) collectively and Partially. Moreover, the study presenting some recommendations about supporting psychological empowerment and enhancing the psychological capital and activation of psychological commitment, Psychological Contract and emotional equilibrium.

[Mohamed Nasr Saeed. The interactive Marginalization vs. Psychological Empowerment and Psychological Capital: Does it really affect the Psychological Commitment of new comers and/or young doctors? J Am Sci 2020;16(12):1-32]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.01.

Keywords: interactive marginalization; psychological empowerment (PsyEmp); psychological capital (PsyCap); the psychological commitment; emotional balance; psychological contract.

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How to Stimulate the Supply Chain Through E-commerce to Promote the Win-Win Development of US-China Commerce During and Post COVID-19

Guohong (Gordon) Lu

General Manager of JD International Logistics, North America

guohong.lulu@googlemail.com

Abstract: This article is an exclusive interview with Mr. Guohong Lu, an international logistics scientist, by Journal of American Science. Dongmei Li is the interviewer and editor.

Guohong Lu is the General Manager of JD International Logistics, North America. JD.com is China’s largest online and its biggest overall retailer, as well as the country’s biggest internet company by revenue.

Guohong Lu holds a master’s degree in international logistics from University of Plymouth, U.K. As a team leader of JD, he used his ability in supply chain development, E-commerce, and omnichannel solution to make JD.com one of the fastest growing Chinese companies as well as an internationally recognized company in the field of supply chain development and rapid delivery services. His "one-hour delivery service" helped Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in the United States, successfully enter the Chinese market. He successfully created a new business model that combines the advantages of JD and Wal-Mart. Guohong Lu believes that with the development of the internet, a certain e-commerce monopoly market situation will definitely be broken, and the pure e-commerce that keeps a gap between producers and consumers is also harmful to the business itself. The new business model integrates supply chain, warehousing, e-commerce, fast delivery, and high-quality customer service, which is beneficial to both producers and consumers, and promotes the prosperity and development of local and global businesses.

Guohong Lu is copying the new corporate model that has achieved great success in China to the United States and other countries around the world. This new corporate model will lead the trend of global online commerce in the future. In the 21st century, the boundaries of online and offline commerce will overlap. New ways of shopping will be invented and the shopping scene will become more and more diverse. In addition, commodity circulation will tend to be more granular and more personalized, so that everyone's individual value can be respected and embodied to the utmost degree.

The non-contact shopping method created by Guohong Lu allowed people to shop without going to the retail store in person, which helped China quickly control the COVID-19 pandemic. He believes that this approach should be adopted by other countries, including the United States, to protect more people from the current COVID-19 pandemic and similar threats in the future.

Guohong Lu and other leaders in the supply chain and e-commerce industry in the North America believe that integrating the Chinese and American supply chains while stimulating the retail supply chain industry has great value and national significance and will certainly benefit people in both countries.

[Guohong Lu. How to Stimulate the Supply Chain through E-commerce to Promote the Win-win Development of US-China Commerce During and Post COVID-19. J Am Sci 2020;16(12):33-43]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.02.

Keywords：International Logistics, supply chain, e-commerce, omnichannel solution, RDC (Regional Distribution Center), FDC (Front Distribution center) ，TDC (lower level distribution centers), F2C (Factory-to-consumer), online retailer, C2M (Customer-to-Maker), Self-Operated Platform, POP (Platform Open Plan), SKU (Stock Keeping Unit), upstream supply chain

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The difficulties of Wireless Accounting

Thamer H. AL-Nuwaybit

Saudi Aramco Assistance supervisor, KSA

Email: dr.thameralnwabeat@gmail.com

Abstract: The research conducted in this paper will assess the traditional accounting with wireless accounting. The research is aimed to arise with an innovation in the auditing domain to assistance business in increasing the overall competitive edge of the business. There has been a continuous evolution around the world. The auditing is measured as a sensitive department for improving trust in the customer segment and stakeholders. Auditing is important for every business. However, the small and medium sized businesses have a limited number of properties available. The business needs to emphasis on implementing anreal way of conducting auditing for these businesses. It has been conversed in a research that the small and medium sized businesses who cannot afford their own auditing departments could get it done through the wireless technology. For this drive, qualitative as well quantitative analysis has been utilized. The questionnaires was distributed to the accountants working in the same firm to gather different perspective. The research has the limitation of not getting the information from multiple auditing firms. The research helps in gaining the insight of employing wireless technology for the users.

[Thamer H. AL-Nuwaybit. The difficulties of Wireless Accounting. J Am Sci 2020;16(12):44-50]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.03.

Keywords: Auditing, Traditional Auditing, Wireless Auditing, Small & Medium Sized Business

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Vascular access complications and risk factors in hemodialysis patients in different age groups.

Dalia Glal Mohamed Abozeid^1,MSC, Hend Gamal Kotb^1,MD, Fatma Abdelkader Attia^1,MD, Mohamed Abdelhameid Goma^2,MD.

¹ Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Vascular surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt

dr_doly2006@yahoo.com

Abstract: The VAs ought to be planned and programmed sufficiently in advance to be available at the start of the hemodialysis. The planning shouldn’t only include the first VA, but also new ones in the medium and long term must be foreseen. It is important to have some flexibility on vascular access practice to accommodate patient specific needs and circumstances and facilitate patient involvement in clinical decision making. This study was conducted on 60 patients of different age groups aimed to demonstrate the most common dialysis access complications and risk factors for development of these complications. We also answered the question whether age is considered a poor prognostic risk factor for development of VA complications or not. Patients who started HD for more than one year were candidate for the study and were subjected to thorough full history taking, laboratory investigation including serum creatinine, blood urea, CBC, serum albumin, culture and sensitivity and measuring Kt/v, in addition to Doppler ultrasound examination to assess the access. While patients who were on peritoneal dialysis, had malignancy, undergone renal transplantation and also patients aged less than 20 years old were excluded from this study. Autologous AVFs are generally the first choice, recommending prosthetic VA when the possibilities of autologous AVF in Upper extremity have been exhausted. The CVCs should be of limited use and only indicated if there is acute renal failure, temporary HD and absence of maturation or impossibility or contraindication of another type of VA. And finally, the clinical characteristics of each patient may affect the indication of the technique to be performed. We found that most patients had started dialysis therapy using a temporary CVC despite its complications as bleeding, infection, arrhythmias and venous thrombosis, therefore, those patients should be referred to a nephrologist well in advance of the need for dialysis. Thrombosis, infection, Aneurysm and Stenosis are the most common complications of the vascular access. Staphylococcus infection is the commonest type of infection. Infected cases showed lower values of serum albumin and significant leukocytosis. The prevalence of these complications was independent on the age of the patients. Risk factors for dialysis related access complications include HTN, DM, IHD and smoking are the most common contributing risk factors. We found that IHD is higher in aged patients and can be considered a risk factor for VA malfunction especially in aged patients (65-80 years). Several previous reports failed to find any association between age and access complications, though others reported a significant effect of age. We found that patient age doesn’t necessarily reflect his or her physiological status and not consider as a poor prognostic factor for the development of access related complications and that the technique survival of vascular access in these patients is similar to that in younger patients. Smoking history has been examined in few studies of vascular access morbidity, with inconsistent results. In this study, current or previous smoking was associated with a relative hazard for subsequent access events. Access complications require intervention to maintain adequate flow for effective hemodialysis. The most common forms of intervention for stenosis are percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and surgery. Interventions for thrombosis include percutaneous thrombolysis and surgical thrombectomy. Pseudoaneurysm and aneurysm required intervention depending on presence of infection, thinning of the skin and shorten area for cannulation. Creation o f a new access should be done if these therapies fail to restore adequate flow. Identification of risk factors related access complications, decrease the incidence of these complications and how to improve the vascular access outcome may result in significant savings and an improved quality of life for these patients.

[Dalia Glal Mohamed Abozeid, Hend Gamal Kotb, Fatma Abdelkader Attia, Mohamed Abdelhameid Goma. Vascular access complications and risk factors in hemodialysis patients in different age groups. J Am Sci 2020;16(12):51-62]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.04.

Key words: AV fistula, AV shunt, End stage renal disease, Angioplasty, Catheter related complications

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Intrinsic rate of natural increase of an isochnoceran louse, Goniocotes jirufti (Ansari, 1947) (Phthiraptera: Insecta)

Aftab Ahmad

Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, ZSI, Gopalpur-On-Sea, Ganjam Odisha 761002, India

draftab.lifescience@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The ischnoceran lice, Goniocotes jirufti (Ansari, 1947) infesting the black partridge, Francolinus francolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) were reared in vitro condition (35 ± 1°C, 75-82% RH, at feather diet), to record the incubation period, adult longevity and daily egg rate. Obtained data from in vitro experimentation were used to construct the life table and was used to determine the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm). The value of rm of aforesaid species was computed as 0.042. At this rate the doubling time of its population appeared to be 16.50 days. In comparison to the other species studied so far, G. jirufti (Ansari, 1947) seems to be a moderate breeder.

[Aftab Ahmad. Intrinsic rate of natural increase of an isochnoceran louse, Goniocotes jirufti (Ansari, 1947) (Phthiraptera: Insecta). J Am Sci 2020;16(12):63-67]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.05.

Key words: In vitro, intrinsic rate, Ischnocera, Lice, Phthiraptera

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Investigating the Quality Performance of Production of Some Selected Drinks using Hotelling T-Square Control Chart

Akomolafe A. A. and Jennifer. J.

Department of Statistics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria, aaakomolafe@futa.edu.ng

Abstract: Consumers make complaint about the state of home-made goods, infact many claim that foreign goods are of high quality compared to home-made goods. We discovered that many of our indigenous industries are no more in existence and so this brought the desire to carry out this research work so as to find out whether products from our indigenous brewery industry fall within the lay-down acceptable standard that is devoid of the consumers’ complaint. The significance of this study is to ascertain the quality of drinks produced by checking whether some components which make up the quality of these brands are in control and to detect error in the production process. The data for this research were collected on three major components produced [Star, Maltina And Goldberg] for four months in one of our indigenous company and the readings reported was taken twice per day and averaged. Control charts, Standard Deviation charts and Cumulative Sum Technique charts (CUSUM) and Hotellings T-square were used for the analysis, statistical software package was used to analyse the data using the necessary tools for detecting when the observed variation is significant or not. The results were presented with the use of chart and tables, it established that the three drinks product considered fall within the acceptance region based on their fill height and the level of carbon iv oxide [co₂].

[Akomolafe A. A. and Jennifer. J. Investigating the Quality Performance of Production of Some Selected Drinks using Hotelling T-Square Control Chart J Am Sci 2020;16(12):68-80]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.06.

Keyword: Control charts, Cumulative Sum Technique charts, Hotellings T-square, fill height, level of carbon iv oxide [co₂]

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Comparative study of posterior cervical laminectomy versus facet fixation without laminectomy for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Ahmed Fawzy Elmahdy, Prof. Esam-Eldin Gaber, Prof. Adel Hanafy, Prof. Ahmed Azab, Dr. Ahmed Gabry, Dr. Hany Elkholy

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

elmahdy1984@gmail.com

Abstract: Background Data: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a chronic spinal cord dysfunction in the cervical region due to cervical spondylosis, which is an age-related degenerative disorder of the cervical spine components. It is caused by combination of static and dynamic degenerative factors in the adult population over 50 years. Surgical decompression of the spinal canal is the primary treatment of choice, which can be done directly by eliminating the static factors as in posterior cervical laminectomy or indirectly by eliminating the dynamic factors as in facet fixation leading to regression of the spondylotic features. Purpose: is to compare facet fixation operation as a sole management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy versus posterior cervical laminectomy without facet fixation. Study Design: prospective comparative clinical case study. Patients and Methods: This comparative prospective study involved 40 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, who were admitted and managed in the neurosurgical department of Menoufia University during the period from December 2017 to December 2019. Patients were randomly distributed into two equal groups by simple means of (odd and even numbers) technique. Group (1) included 20 patients who underwent posterior cervical laminectomy without fixation. Group (2) included 20 patients who underwent facet fixation without laminectomy. The patients were followed up for six months in the outpatient clinic of neurosurgery. Results: The study included 40 patients, The mean age of group (1) and group 2 were 58.9 ± 7.3 year and 58.7 ± 6.5 years respectively. There was a predominance of male sex (72.5 % of cases), while female represented (27.5%) of both groups. Male: female ratio was (2.64: 1). The mean duration of symptoms was 12 ± 3.6 in group (1) and 7.5 ± 3.7months in group (2). The mean preoperative MJOA score was 8.2 ± 2.1 in group (1) and 9.3 ± 2.7 in group (2). The mean preoperative Nurick’s functional grading was 4.2 ± 0.7 in group (1) and 3.95 ± 0.8 in group (2). The mean post-operative MJOA scores score was 12.7 ± 2.8 in group (1) and 14.2 ± 1.9 in group (2). The mean post-operative Nurick’s grading was 3 ± 1.1 in group (1) and 2.6 ± 0.7 in group (2). The post-operative neurological recovery rate at the end of the follow up period was excellent in 1patient (5%), good in 10 patients (50%), fair in 6 patients (30%) and 3 (15%) patients had a poor recovery rate In group (1). While the post-operative neurological recovery rate at the end of the follow up period was excellent in 3 patients (15%), good in 11patients (55%), and fair in 5 patients (25%) and 1 (5%) patient had a poor recovery rate In group (2). Conclusion: Posterior cervical laminectomy has still its indications. Proper selection of the patients depending on good clinical and radiological investigations can minimize its complications. The older the patient and the absence of preoperative instability yield the best results. Facet fixation provides relief in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The younger the patient and the presence of preoperative instability necessitate facet fixation and fusion.

[Elmahdy A F, Gaber E, Hanafy A. Comparative study of posterior cervical laminectomy versus facet fixation without laminectomy for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Am Sci 2020;16(12):81-90]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.07.

Keywords: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy, posterior cervical laminectomy, facet fixation, cervical fusion.

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Occurrence, monitoring and risk assessment of toxic substances in sewage water treatment plants: A case study, great Cairo, Egypt.

Tamer Mohamed Salem Attia (T.M. Salem) Soil¹, Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim Afifi Soil²

Corresponding author

^1- Tamer Mohamed Salem Attia (T.M. Salem) Soil, Water and environment research institute (SWERI), Agricultural research center (ARC), Egypt. (Email/ tamersalem43@gmail.com)

 Tel/ (+2) 01145694902 Address// 9 Cairo University St., Giza, Egypt.

^2- Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim Afifi Soil, Water and environment research institute (SWERI), Agricultural, research center (ARC), Egypt.

Abstract: An evaluation process on the validity of wastewater treatment plants effluents for irrigation was done. Chemical and microbial pollutants were measured occasionally in five WWTPs spread in great Cairo, Egypt. The results revealed that WWTPs used secondary treatment (Chlorination) were had the capability to scrape much amount of microbial pollutants, while the units that have only primary treatments were unable to eliminate the microbial organisms. Although the processes used at WWTPs were unspecific for inorganic contaminants removal, metals were reduced in effluents to more than 50 % about the influents. This reduce was attributed to the adsorption of metals on activated sludge which used in aeration stage. In spite of low concentration values of heavy metals in the effluents, these values were conducted to cause hazard effects for aquatic organisms especially Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn based on predict no effect concentration criteria. Water quality index was calculated to identify the applicability of WWTPs effluents for sign in irrigation. The results cleared that the effluents of all units studied weren’t applicable for irrigation purpose. These consequences can affect directly on biological cycles. Thus it seems that more consideration of bio conservation protocols is so important.

[Tamer Mohamed Salem Attia (T.M. Salem) Soil, Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim Afifi Soil. Occurrence, monitoring and risk assessment of toxic substances in sewage water treatment plants: A case study, great Cairo, Egypt. J Am Sci 2020;16(12):91-100]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.08.

Keywords: Wastewater; Microbial pollutants; Heavy metals; Water quality index; Risk quotient.

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Discuss the examples of panoramic technology in the video industry —— Video entertainment industry

Enze Zhang

Chengdu Eapil Technology Co., Ltd.

Abstract: The development of all kinds of intelligent hardware is essentially an extension of the human senses, according to statistics, more than 70% of the country's current human access to information from the eyes to watch, camera, as the expansion of human visual, has created a large number of information value, from entertainment to education and supervision to the security, video information is everywhere, has become one of the most important source of information. At the same time, different from the "narrow band" characteristics of ordinary sensors, the storage and transmission of video takes up a large amount of resources and belongs to the "broadband" sensor. The development of video technology is closely related to the basic computing power, transmission bandwidth, storage capacity and algorithm upgrade, limiting and promoting each other. In this paper, panorama technology is considered as a potential "general video technology". As an upgrade of ordinary camera function, a breakthrough in field of vision, and an extension of information comprehensiveness, panorama will be fully integrated into various video segments. Currently, there is no generally accepted classification method for the video industry. From the perspective of video content application attributes, the video industry is divided into two categories: video entertainment industry and video monitoring industry. The video entertainment industry pays more attention to the quality, individuality, entertainment, dissemination and culture of content.

[Enze Zhang. Discuss the examples of panoramic technology in the video industry —— Video entertainment industry. J Am Sci 2020;16(12):101-106]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.09.

Keywords: panoramic technology, video entertainment, AI technology, standard

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Study of the effects of some oral Anti-diabetic drugs and Silymarin on Experimentally Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Rats

Rashad Abd El-Nabi Atlam, Hammouda Hassan Sharaf and Amin Yehia Awad

Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Male, Al-Azhar University (Cairo), Egypt

Email: rasatlam@gmail.com

Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease which has a wide spectrum of liver-related histological damage and becoming a global epidemic. Predisposing factors for NAFLD and related complications include insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, intervention with anti-diabetic medications may prevent and delay the development of NAFLD or have a therapeutic application. The focus of this study is to evaluate the evidence supporting the efficacy of anti-diabetic medications and silymarin in the treatment of NAFLD. Methods: 48 male albino rats divided in to 4 groups: Group I received standard diet, Group II received a high fat diet (HFD), Group III treated with empagliflozin (10 mg/ kg/ day) and Group IV treated with silymarin (100 mg/ kg/ day). After 5 weeks rats were scarified and serum (ALT, AST, TG, cholesterol, random blood glucose and insulin level), hepatic (MDA, GSH, TG and TGF-β) and body weight were measured. Histopathological examination was done. Results: empagliflozin, and silymarin had good results in ameliorating NAFLD as regard anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-fibrotic effects and decreasing hepatic lipid content. Clinically such findings may suggest that, these drugs could be used in treatment of NAFLD patients especially those have type 2 DM and liver fibrosis.

[Rashad Abd El-Nabi Atlam, Hammouda Hassan Sharaf and Amin Yehia Awad. Study of the effects of some oral Anti-diabetic drugs and Silymarin on Experimentally Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Rats. J Am Sci 2020;16(12):107-123]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas161220.10.

Keywords: NAFLD; NASH; anti-diabetic medication; silymarin

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