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The Journal of American Science
(J Am Sci)
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online),
doi prefix: 10.7537, Monthly
Volume 20, Issue 7, Cumulated
No. 197, July 25, 2024
Cover (jpg),
Cover (pdf),
Introduction,
Contents,
Call
for Papers,
am2007
The following manuscripts are presented as online first for
peer-review, starting from
July
2, 2024.
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cite it.
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718-404-5362; 347-321-7172
CONTENTS
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Titles / Authors
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1
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ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF SMALL
CARDAMOM ROOT GRUB IN
HILLY TRACTS OF
IDUKKI, KERALA
Sudhakar
S1,
Dr.
Ajay
Kumar
Kaurav2, Dr. G. Sivakumar3,
Dr. Kalaivanan D4
Dr.Bharat Singh5.
1PhD research
scholar,Department of Agriculture
Science,Sun Rise University, Alwar
(Rajasthan), India. &
SMS (Plant
Protection) KVK, Idukki,
Kerala.
2Associate Professor,
Department of Agriculture Science,Sun
Rise
University, Alwar (Rajasthan),
India .
3Pr. Scientist
(Microbiology), ICAR-NBAIR
Bangalore
4Senior Scientist
(Soil Science),
ICAR-IIHR, Bangalore
5Scientist (SMS),
ICAR-KVK, Gurugram, Harayana,
India
E-mail:
sudhakarsounda@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
The present
study was
carried out
to test the
infectivity of three
native EPNs
namely,
Heterorhabditis indica
(strain
ICAR-NBAIR), Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora, Steinernema
carpocapsae powder formulation
against cardamom root grub. The attachment to and rate of
penetration of
these EPNs
into tested
insect was
also
undertaken. Penetration
of the IJs
of
Heterorhabditis indica Showed
highest
penetration and
was superior
to
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. and
Steinernema
carpocapsae never the
less the
rate of
penetration is also depending on the
IJs infection strategies. EPN application involves implanting
novel powder
formulation at plant base that can be done with ease and fast
and saves a lot of labour The WP formulation was
found very
effective in
root grub management
that reduced
the cost
of production
and mitigated
the use
of pesticides
(fipronil, chlorpyriphos, phorate)
in small
cardamom. Therefore, it is concluded that cardamom root
grub was susceptible to tested EPNs, there were differences among these EPNs in their ability to kill
the insect. Among test EPNs,
Heterorhabditis indica (strain ICAR-NBAIR) and
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (strain ICAR-
NBAIR) appears to be the most promising EPN against root
grub. EPN is ecologically safe,
effective,
sustainable and on-farm recyclable
green
technologies for
small cardamom. EPNs
constitute a cost-effective, value-added approach to
promote sustainable agriculture in small
cardamom plantation.
[Sudhakar
S,
Dr.
Ajay
Kumar
Kaurav,
Dr. G.
Sivakumar, Dr. Kalaivanan
D,
Dr.Bharat Singh,
ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF SMALL CARDAMOM ROOT GRUB IN
HILLY TRACTS OF
IDUKKI, KERALA.
J Am
Sci
2024;20(7):1-4]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print);
ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
01.
doi:10.7537/marsjas200724.01.
Key words:
Pest
Management, Entomopathogenic
nematodes,
cardamom, root grub |
Full Text |
1
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2
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LSB BASED IMAGE
STEGANOGRAPHY
*Basawaraja
and **Dr. Manoj Kumar
*Research
Scholar, Department of Computer Science, SunRise University,
Alwar, Rajasthan (India)
**Associate
Professor, Department of Computer Science, SunRise University,
Alwar, Rajasthan (India)
Email
basu.n.reddy@gmail.com
Abstract:
Steganography has recently turn out to be an excellent field of
science that is used to shield data from illegal entry.
Steganography is described as the skill of communication which
involves concealing knowledge in a different medium for instance
textual, image, audio, video, or network in order not to provoke
any trace; whereas steganalysis is the discipline of destroying
the steganographic mechanism to expose the undisclosed
communication. The efficiency of a steganography procedure is
measured utilizing 3 key criteria, they include payload
efficiency, image excellence calculation, and degree of
protection. This investigation is concentrated on image
steganography which is extremely accepted in the steganography
field. The Least Significant Bit (LSB) approach is mainly the
effectual method employed to entrench the undisclosed
communication. The study, therefore, focused on the Least
Significant Bit steganography algorithm thereby increasing its
performance by proposing a modified Least Significant Bit
steganography called Circular Shift LSB. The study also
elucidated the LSB entrenching procedure and presented the
assessment outcomes for LSB text steganography for different
cover object formats such as .png, .bmp, and .jpeg. This paper
has more comprehensive information on different cover image
formats, focused on LSB.
[Basawaraja and Kumar, M. LSB BASED IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY.
J Am Sci 2024;20(7):5-7].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
02.
doi:10.7537/marsjas200724.02.
Keywords:
Steganography, Least Significant Bit, PSNR, MSE, Comparative
analysis |
Full Text |
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3
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STUDY ON THE EEG-BASED MACHINE LEARNING AND
ITS APPLICATIONS
*Rajeshwara Reddy and **Dr. Manoj
Kumar
*Research
Scholar, Department of Computer Science, SunRise University,
Alwar, Rajasthan (India)
**Associate
Professor, Department of Computer Science, SunRise University,
Alwar, Rajasthan (India)
Email : Rajeshwarareddy431@gmail.com
Abstract:
machine learning has two phases: training and testing. In the
training phase, a set of examples (i.e., data with their
corresponding labels) are available. With a given machine
learning algorithm, the example data are used to train a model
(i.e., tune its parameters) so that it can identify the
relationship between input data and the labels. In the testing
phase, input data without labels go through the same methodology
as the training phase for preprocessing, feature extraction, and
feature reduction, and a trained model, which was estimated
during training phase, predicts the output (i.e., labels). The
main objective during the training phase is to estimate a model
that has maximal predictive performance at the time of testing.
[Reddy, R and Kumar, M. STUDY ON THE EEG-BASED MACHINE
LEARNING AND ITS APPLICATIONS.
J Am Sci
2024;20(7):8-10].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
03.
doi:10.7537/marsjas200724.03.
Keywords:
EEG-BASED MACHINE LEARNING, THEORY, APPLICATIONS |
Full Text |
3
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4
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Simulation of the Salt Wind
Transport from the Desiccated Bottom of the Aral Sea During Dust
Storms
1Bibigul
S. Tleumuratova, 1,2*Elzura P. Urazimbetova, 1,2Viktor
A. Statov
1Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, Nukus, Uzbekistan
2Karakalpak
State University, Nukus, Uzbekistan
*Corresponding author:
elzurau@gmail.com
Abstract.
Extensive salt removal
from the dried seabed of the Aral Sea, which began with the
desiccation of the sea, has a negative impact on the
environment. Sulphates are especially dangerous, affecting
public health, soil salinisation, and biota in general. The
need for quantitative estimates of the mass of toxic salts
falling out to clarify the mechanism and degree of these impacts
determines the relevance of studies of wind-driven salt removal.
Absence of ground measurements of sulphate concentration,
impossibility to separate sulphate fraction from the total mass
of atmospheric aerosol by remote sensing methods, determines the
use of applied mathematical modelling methods to track the
spatial and temporal dynamics of salt distribution from the
dried Aral Sea bed. This paper presents a numerical model of a
salt-dust storm for wind-driven transport of salt-dust aerosol,
which is a system of three sub-models of the meteorological
block, from which the input data for the fourth sub-model - the
turbulent diffusion equation, by which the concentration fields
of sodium and magnesium sulphates are calculated. The result of
the implementation is a 4-dimensional data array on spatial and
temporal dynamics of the concentration distribution of these
salts, as well as the volume of salts exported during one dust
storm. In addition, the dynamics of the total volume of
wind-driven salt removal from the dried seabed by decades of the
period (1961-2020) is calculated using this model. The modelling
results also revealed some regularities of the salt-dust storm
plume structure.
[Bibigul S.
Tleumuratova,Elzura P. Urazimbetova, Viktor A. Statov.
Simulation of the Salt Wind
Transport from the Desiccated Bottom of the Aral Sea During Dust
Storms. J Am Sci 2024;20(7):11-24].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
04.
doi:10.7537/marsjas200724.04.
Keywords:
Dried Aral Sea bed, salt and dust storms, atmospheric transport
of sulphates, modelling. |
Full Text |
4
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5
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STUDY ON SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT
*Dr. Sunil Chauhan
and **Reetu Yadav
*Associate
Professor, Department of Zoology, SunRise University, Alwar,
Rajasthan (India)
**Research Scholar,
Department of Zoology, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan
(India)
**e-mail-
rituyadav02071992@gmail.com
Abstract:
Solid waste management practices can differ for residential and
industrial producers, for urban and rural areas, and for
developed and developing nations. The administration of
non-hazardous waste in metropolitan areas is the job of local
government authorities. On the other hand, the management of
hazardous waste materials is typically the responsibility of
those who generate it, as subject to local, national, and even
international authorities. ”Around
the world, waste generation rates are rising. In 2016, the
worlds’ cities generated 2.01
billion tons of
solid waste, amounting to a footprint of 0.74 kilograms per
person per day. With rapid population growth and urbanization,
annual waste generation is expected to increase by 70% from 2016
levels to 3.40 billion tons in 2050.
”
[Dr. Sunil Chauhan
and Reetu Yadav. STUDY ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.
J Am Sci
2024;20(7):25-30]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
05. doi:10.7537/marsjas200724.05.
Keywords:
Solid, Waste, Management, Rural Areas |
Full Text |
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6
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Aristotelian
Universe & Irlapatiam-A New Hypothetical Model of Multiverse - A
comparison to theorize the actual universe and cosmology
Gangadhara Rao Irlapati
H.
No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055,
Telangana, India.
Email:
gangadhar19582058@gmail.com
Googlepay/Phonepe
A/C No.+91 6305571833
Abstract:
Aristotelian
universe is one of the cosmological theories regarding the
creation of the universe. There are many theories about the
origin, structure, nature, and evolution of the cosmos in the
time-line of old, and modern theories, ideas, and discoveries
from ancient time to present day. Some of the best minds in
history-both philosophers and scientists-have applied themselves
to an understanding of just what the universe is and where it
came from, suggesting in the process a bewildering variety of
theories and ideas, from the Cosmic Egg to the Big Bang and
beyond. Every theory is good and also not every theory can be
described the universe and could not explain the universe
indefinitely. One of them is Aristotelian Universe. I also
proposed A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology in 1977 regarding
the origin, structure, nature, and evolution of the cosmos. In
this paper, a study is made comparing the
Aristotelian Universe. and Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical
Model of Multiverse of 1977. So, scientists can study these two
theories with each other and theorize the cosmology.
[Gangadhara Rao
Irlapati.
Aristotelian
Universe & Irlapatiam-A New Hypothetical Model of Multiverse - A
comparison to theorize the actual universe and cosmology.
J Am Sci 2024;20(7):31-116]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN
2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
06. doi:10.7537/marsjas200724.06.
Key Words:
Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology, Geo-universe,
Atomic-universe, Photon-universe, Geo-environment,
Atomic-environment, Photon-environment, Spacegenesis,
Space-atmosphere, Space-climate, Space-weather, Space-active
region, Space-inactive region, Space-high pressure area,
Space-low pressure area, Space-high pressure system, Space-low
pressure system, Space-cyclone, Black-hole, the eye of
space-cyclone, Galaxies are space cyclones |
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comments are welcome:
editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com,
or contact with author(s) directly.
For back issues of the Journal of American Science, click here.
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