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An economic study of shrimp and Keeled mullet fish farming in Egypt

(A case study in Damietta Governorate)

Tahany Saleh Mohamed Bayoumi, Ahmed Ibrahem Mohamed Ragab Isawi, Amina Saied Mohamed Foad Ahmed, Dina Abdallah Mohammed Shafik

Agricultural Economics Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center - Egypt

dr_tahany_saleh@yahoo.com

Abstract: The research aimed to study the economics of marine fish farming in Egypt for two types of marine life, shrimp (Crustaceans) and Keeled mullet fish (Mullets nei), using published and unpublished data derived from Government agencies and some concerned websites, and preliminary data derived from questionnaire forms designed for this purpose. In addition to estimating the optimal and most profitable production of both shrimp and steppe fish and estimating the lost income from each of them. Among the most important results of the research: the average shrimp production in Egyptian marine fish farms amounted to about 1.54 million tons with a value of 112.3 million LEs, an annual rate of 0% and 8%, respectively. The average production of fish of the boreal family (including Keeled mullet fish) was 193.2 thousand tons with a value of 4.87 million LEs, and the annual growth of each of them was respectively 5% and 10%. The results showed that there is a discrepancy between the actual production of both shrimp and haddock in the sample farms and between the optimal production and the most profitable production, and therefore there is a lost income that can be obtained when reducing the waste that resulted in the production of each of them separately in the sample farms. The lost income for the optimal civilian production of costs for both shrimp and steppe fish in the sample farms amounted to 363.83 thousand and 106.08 thousand LEs. The lost income for the most profitable production of both shrimp and Keeled mullet at the sample farms amounted to 1.95 million and 1.48 million LEs, respectively. Studying the indicators of the economic efficiency of marine fish farming for shrimp and Keeled mullet fish in Egypt, it was found that the average productivity per feddan of each of them separately amounted to 759.50 kg/Fadden and 980.65 kg/feddan. The net yield of production of each of them was 80.65 thousand LEs/feddan and 95.06 thousand LEs / feddan. The product incentives for both shrimp and herring, respectively, were 67.42% and 77.68%. The break-even price for each of them amounted to 51.31 thousand LEs and 77.68 thousand LEs. The break-even amount was 250 kg/feddan and 220 kg/feddan for both shrimp and haddock, respectively. Studying the problems of shrimp production in the sample farms, the study found that the most important of them are the high costs of Fry, high labor wages, high feed costs and the difficulty of obtaining fry. One of the most important problems of marketing shrimp on the farms of the study sample is the high cost of packaging and preservation, the distance of markets from farms, low selling prices, exploitation of traders, and the speed of shrimp corruption. By studying the problems of the production of Keeled mullet fish in the sample of the study, it turned out that the most important of them are the high losses in fish, the high fuel costs, the high labor wages, the high costs of Fry and the high feed costs. By studying the most important problems of marketing the plains fish produced on farms, a sample study shows that the most important of them are the high fishing wages, low selling prices, distance from the markets from farms, high transportation costs, lack of availability of fishing labor, and exploitation of traders.

[Tahany Saleh Mohamed Bayoumi, Ahmed Ibrahim Mohammed Rajab Issawi, Amina Said Mohammed Fouad Ahmed, Dina Abdallah Mohammed Shafik. An economic study of shrimp and Keeled mullet fish farming in Egypt (A case study in Damietta Governorate). J Am Sci 2023;19(8):1-14]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  01.doi:10.7537/marsjas190823.01.

Keywords: Economics / fish farming / shrimp / steppe / lost income.

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An economic study of the current situation of Egyptian potato exports

Dr. Emad Moris Abdel Shaheed

Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

Abstract: The research aimed to study the competitiveness of Egyptian potatoes in foreign markets, using some economic indicators such as the efficiency of the performance of export operations, the coefficient of price competitiveness, the market share, the coefficient of instability, and the gravity calculation equations. Russia, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Germany, Lebanon, and Greece) that an increase in the gross domestic product of the group of countries together by 10% will lead to an increase in the amount of Egyptian potato exports to these countries by 23.30%, and an increase in the total value of the Egyptian domestic product by 10%. % will lead to an increase in the quantity of Egyptian potato exports to the group of selected countries by 23.50%, as it was found that when increasing the distance between Egypt and these countries by 10%, it will lead to a decrease in the quantity of Egyptian potato exports to these countries by 35%, as the significant effect was proven The positive effect of the language on the quantity of Egyptian exports of the potato crop during the study period (2005-2021), as the gravity data using the modified model indicates that an increase in the per capita share of the Egyptian GDP by 10% will lead to an increase in the amount of Egyptian potato exports to these countries by 23.50. %, and an increase in the per capita share of the Egyptian GDP by 10% will lead to an increase in the quantity of potato exports to the selected countries by 21%, and when the distance between Egypt and any country increases by 10%, this will result in a decrease in the amount of exports. between them by 35.30%, and the positive effect of language on the quantity of potato exports during the same period was significant.

[Emad Moris Abdel Shaheed.    An economic study of the current situation of Egyptian potato exports.  Am Sci 2023;19(8):15-25]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  02. doi:  10.7537/marsjas190823.02.

Keywords: Efficient performance of export operations, price competitiveness coefficient, market share, instability coefficient, gravity model.

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The effect of radiation on pregnant women

Hamza H. Okal ⁽¹⁾.  Hisham M. Ymani, Basim H. Almalki, Ayesh M. Alkhuzaie, Hasen K. Alharthi, Ali M. Ashgar, Abdulaziz. H. Muyidi

Radiology at the primary Healthcare center in Al-Kaakiyah ⁽¹⁾

Radiology at the primary Healthcare center in Al-Nuwariya

Radiology at the primary Healthcare center in Al-Nuwariya

X-ray technician in the executive management of supply chains, the health branch in Mecca

X-ray technician in Health Affairs in Mecca

X-ray technician in the Department of Compliance with the control department in the Mecca region

X-ray technician in the Department of Compliance

(Hamza H. Ukal.  Hisham M. Alymani, Basim H. Almalki, Ayesh M. Alkhuzaie, Hasen K. Alharthi, Ali M. Ashgar, Abdulaziz H. Muyidi).

Email: hamzaaokal@hotmail.com

Abstract: the aim of this study is to find out the extent of the effects of exposure of pregnant women and their fetus to the risk of radiation, and to know people’s opinions and impressions on the exposure of pregnant women to radiation and the risk of having dental caries. An electronic questionnaire was created through the Google Drive application, where this questionnaire was distributed to social networking groups WhatsApp, where 650 answers were obtained from those (residents of the city of Mecca), out of a total of 600 questionnaires.

[Hamza H. Okal. Hisham M. Ymani, Basim H. Almalki, Ayesh M. Alkhuzaie, Hasen K. Alharthi, Ali M. Ashgar, Abdulaziz H. Muyidi. The effect of radiation on pregnant women. J Am Sci 2023;19(8):26-29]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 03.doi:10.7537/marsjas190823.03.

Keywords:  Effect, radiation, pregnant women.

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The discourse challenges of Islamic fundamentalism and the west

Hamed Mohagheghnia1, Jahanbakhsh Moradi 2, Majid Tavassoli Roknabadi³

1- PhD Student of International Relations, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D of International Relations, Faculty Member of the Department of Political Science, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran

³ Assistant Professor of Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Mohagheghnia7877@gmail.com

Abstract: The Islamic fundamentalism similar to a radical interpretation of Islamic religion has played an especial role in international relationships connections particularly in the last two decades. The fundamentalists unlike the other Islamic groups such as the moderate or the secular Islamists are pursuing to become face to face with the westerner teachings (human rights, democracy, terrorism and the secularism) and making efforts to challenge the hegemony and the absolute dominance of the west. They are trying to prove this fact by mentioning the witnesses that these indicators are not pervasive and troubleshooter and the western teachings should be seen from other perspectives. The major question in this writing is that how could the fundamentalism challenge the western hegemony as a strange and others’ discourse or dialogue? To answer this question, the Laclau, and Mouffe’s discourse analyzing approaches were used to criticize the ideologies of human rights, democracy, terrorism and the secularism based on Islamic fundamentalism.

[Hamed Mohagheghnia, Jahanbakhsh Moradi, Majid Tavassoli Roknabadi. The discourse challenges of Islamic fundamentalism and the west. J Am Sci 2023;19(8):30-34]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  04.doi:10.7537/marsjas190823.04.

Keywords: Islamic fundamentalism, discourse/dialogue, major/central indicator, human rights, terrorism, sacred war, secularism

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Energy strategy of Barak Obama

Ghasem Toraby

Department of International Relation, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

ghasemtoraby@yahoo.com

Abstract: Providing energy in a clean method not creating environmental problems for human being was always one of the important concerns of the countries in 21th century. America by importing about 20million oil barrel per day is very dependent on Middle East as a region with about 60% of the oil in the world. This dependence on Middle East oil encountered USA with an extensive political and safety issues during the previous decades. Here Barak Obama administration in its strategy emphasized more on some policies such as “Diversification”, “reserve” of fuel resources, increasing “energy efficiency” and investing on new energies to reduce USA dependency on Middle East oil by decreasing oil consumption. Besides, oil consumption reduction by increasing efficiency and using alternative energies decrease concerns especially in USA about environmental issues, the concern that was especially being emphasized in Obama presidential campaign. 

[Ghasem Toraby. Energy strategy of Barak Obama. J Am Sci 2023;19(8):35-44]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  05. doi:10.7537/marsjas190823.05.

Keywords: Middle East; diversification; energy efficiency

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Sport Psychology for Regional

Saeed Mazhar Ghoushchi

Islamic Azad University Of Roudehen

Abstract： In this paper we describe how we have provided sport psychology to pre-elite adolescent athletes who live in the New England and North West Region of New South Wales. Providing sport psychology to regional, rural, and remote athletes is more challenging than it initially appears. It involves more than simply confronting the tyranny of distance that these athletes and their coaches and families face. The dilemma is how to make sport psychology relevant and accessible to athletes who live in or near small country towns that are a world away from State and National Sports Institutes and the sporting facilities that were built for Olympic and Commonwealth Games. Simply rolling out programs developed for city-based athletes fails to consider the psychological, social, economic, and political issues that confront young people who are growing up in regional, rural, and remote Australia. This short-changes these athletes. Instead providing sport psychology for this athlete population involves conceptual, technical, and service delivery innovation. A central feature of our redevelopment of sport psychology has been to construct it as low-cost, low-tech, and locally available mental equipment. We have developed the NIAS Mental Equipment Packs that contain small inexpensive objects as communication, concentration, motivation, emotional control, approach behaviours, and relaxation equipment that can be taken to competition and to training. The Sport Psychologist’s Handbook (Dosil, 2006) continues a strong tradition of adapting psychological skills training and performance enhancement services for different populations. You can trace the origins of this tradition back to Robin Vealey’s seminal work, Future Directions in Psychological Skills Training (Vealey, 1988). However one population that has been overlooked in these developments has been pre-elite adolescent athletes who live in regional, rural, and remote areas. This is surprising given the success of country athletes in Australian elite sport (Abernethy, 2005), and the high regard that top coaches hold for country athletes (e.g., Bennett, 2002; Buchanan, 2007; Charlesworth, 2001). However this is not a uniquely Australian phenomenon. Côté, Macdonald, Baker, and Abernethy (2006) point to the disproportionate success rate of US and Canadian athletes coming from regional and rural backgrounds. We have been providing sport psychology services to pre-elite adolescent athletes living in the vast New England and North West Region of New South Wales since January 2000. After working on this project1 for 8 years we feel qualified to comment on some issues in providing sport psychology to this athlete population. We argue that relevance is the key issue in providing sport psychology to regional, rural, and remote athletes. But relevance is not immediately recognised as the central issue by sport psychologists and administrators because geography and physical distance are the omnipresent features of working with country athletes. But focusing on where an athlete lives inadvertently reduces this task to a service delivery concern. It frames providing sport psychology to country athletes simply as confronting the tyranny of distance that they face in accessing specialist sport services, and so interventions are designed principally to overcome this constraint. We argue that providing sport psychology to athletes living in the country must be framed more broadly if sport psychology interventions are to be cost-effective. Furthermore, we argue that any substantial development of sport psychology for regional, rural, and remote pre-elite adolescent athletes requires conceptual, technical, and service delivery innovation.

In our experience the key question is; how do you make sport psychology relevant to pre-elite adolescent athletes living in regional, rural, and remote locations. We argue that asking; how do I make sport psychology accessible to regional, rural, and remote athletes is an incomplete approach because it deals with only one component of servicing this athlete population.

[Saeed Mazhar Ghoushchi. Sport Psychology for Regional. J Am Sci 2023;19(8):45-49]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  06. doi:10.7537/marsjas190823.06.

Keywords: Sport Psychology, Commonwealth, concentration, population, performance, innovation

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One-pot Multicomponent Synthesis Hexahydroquinoline Derivatives in Triton X-100 Aqueous micellar media

Mohammad Reza Poor Heravi^*, Shadi Mehranfar

Payame Noor University, Department of Chemistry, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran

^*heravimr@yahoo.com; heravimr@gmail.com

Abstract: A facile and efficient synthesis of hexahydroquinoline derivatives (5a-o) was reported via four-component condensation reaction of aldehydes, dimedone, methyl aceto acetate and ammonium acetate in the presence of Triton X-100 in water at room temperature. The use of just 20 mol % of Triton X-100 in water solvent is sufficient. The FT-IR, ¹⁹F-NMR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectra and elemental analysis confirm the structure of compounds. 

[Mohammad Reza Poor Heravi, Shadi Mehranfar. One-pot Multicomponent Synthesis Hexahydroquinoline Derivatives in Triton X-100 Aqueous micellar media.  J Am Sci 2023;19(8):50-54]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  07. doi:10.7537/marsjas190823.07.

Keywords: Multicomponent reactions (MCRs); One-pot reaction; hexahydroquinolines; Triton X-100; Non ionic surfactant

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Ameliorative Effect of Chelating Agents on Photosynthetic Attributes of Cd stressed Sunflower

Rumana Sadiq¹, Nazimah Maqbool², Muhammad Haseeb³

¹Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

³Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract: Excessive input of heavy metals in water reservoir and cultivated land primarily affect the growth and yield of crops. The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of Cd tocixity and damage to photosynthetic pigments and their efficiency and the potential of natural and synthetic chelators in assisting the phytoextractor sunflower plant. The pot experiment was laid out in a complete randomized way for Cd, chelators and hybrids at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stages with three replications. Cd affects the gas exchange parameters directly or indirectly by effecting the light and dark reactions, while indirect effect include inhibition of chlorophyll and carotenoids biosynthesis and degradation and alteration in Chl a/b ratio. Among two chelators, natural chelator OA found to be very supportive in ameliorating the Cd tocixity by phytoextractor in assistance to sunflower hybrid Hysun-33.

[Rumana Sadiq, Nazimah Maqbool, Muhammad Haseeb. Ameliorative Effect of Chelating Agents on Photosynthetic Attributes of Cd stressed Sunflower.  J Am Sci 2023;19(8):55-64]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  08. doi:10.7537/marsjas190823.08.

Keywords: Sunflower; Organic chelate; Photosynthesis; Metal toxicity

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Litrature riview:-on crustacean and monogeneans of commonly catched fish species in ethiopia

Gashaw Enbiyale

Field Practitioner at University of Gondar Veterinary hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, P. o. box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia,

enbiyalegashaw@gmail.com

Summary: the objective of this study is to review crustacean and monogenean parasites of the fish species. The major diseases associated with fish are parasites, bacteria, viruses and toxic algae that reduces fish production by affecting the normal physiology of fish and if left uncontrolled, it can result in mass mortalities or in some cases, can be serve as source of infection for human and other vertebrates that consumed fish. External protozoa, crustacean and monogenetic trematodes of freshwater fish could be considered as the most prevalent causes of diseases affecting skin and gills causing gill inflammation and distortion of normal anatomy which impairing their respiratory foundation. Freshwater fish infested with skin-inhabiting flukes become lethargic, swim near the surface, and seek the sides of the pond and their appetite windles. There are several treatment options. Drugs or chemicals placed in the water are commonly referred to as "bath" treatments. Drugs delivered orally are generally mixed in the food, and are meant to deliver systemic effects. Maintain a good culture environment and prevent the deterioration of water environment; and use hygienic and nutritious fish feed to boost resistance of the fish stock and to minimise the chance of introducing pathogens into the water body.

[Gashaw E. Litrature riview:-on crustacean and monogeneans of commonly catched fish species Ethiopia. J Am Sci 2023;19(8):65-74]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  09. doi:10.7537/marsjas190823.09.

Keywords: Fish parasite, monogenean, crustacean

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