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The Journal of American Science
(J Am Sci)
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online),
doi prefix: 10.7537, Monthly
Volume 20, Issue 12, Cumulated
No. 202, December 25, 2024
Cover (jpg),
Cover (docx),
Cover (pdf),
Introduction,
Contents,
Call
for Papers,
am2012
The following manuscripts are presented as online first for
peer-review, starting from December 5, 2024.
All comments
are welcome:
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americansciencej@gmail.com,
or contact with author(s) directly.
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cite it.
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Marsland Press, 310 W 18th
Street, New York, NY 10011, USA.
718-404-5362; 347-321-7172
CONTENTS
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No.
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Titles / Authors
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Full
Text
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1
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Demonstrate a new set of infinite constructions: dimensionless
circular logarithms
---
'The Axiom of Infinity' reveals the random balanced exchange and
combination mechanism of universe-mathematical evenness
Wang Yiping
First author of the Chinese circular logarithm team
Correspondence: No. 45, Yangjiatianpu, Xinxin Street, Kecheng
District, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000, China
Phone (WeChat): China-13285707958
Abstract:
This paper discovered for the first time a new mathematical
infinite construction set and " the symmetric and asymmetric,
random and non-random balanced exchange combination mechanism of
the even-number 'infinity axiom' ". It is called "dimensionless
circular logarithm".
The circular logarithm axiomatization
is proposed: the group combination itself divided by itself is
not necessarily 1, which resolves the difficulty of
"multiplication combination and addition combination" cannot be
integrated. Regarding sensitive topics such as
algebra-geometry-number theory-group combination:
axiomatization, continuum, four color theorem, category theory,
Riemann zero conjecture, Langlands program, elementary
particles, etc., a simple circular logarithm formula is used to
unify the analysis and solution in { 0, ±1} . Important
calculation example: "neutrinos, quarks, Higgs particles" are
connected with dimensionless construction sets, describing the
"central zero point-Higgs particle" with the 'infinity axiom' to
drive the cyclic evolution mechanism of the
universe-mathematical world.
[Wang Yiping.
Demonstrate a new set of infinite constructions: dimensionless
circular logarithms --- 'The Axiom of Infinity' reveals the
random balanced exchange and combination mechanism of
universe-mathematical evenness.
J Am Sci
2024;20(12):1-233].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
01 doi:10.7537/marsjas201224.01
Keywords:
Basic mathematics; axiom of infinity; continuum; zero-point
conjecture; Langlands program; dimensionless circular logarithm;
cosmic equilibrium exchange combination decomposition |
Full Text |
1
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2
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Second Order
Ordinary Differential Equation
G Ravi
Assistant Professor,
Malla Reddy Engineering College and Management Sciences,
Kistapur village , Medchal, Pin:501401,Telangana (India)
Email id:
gravi1265@gmail.com
Abstract: Differential equations have proven to be an immensely successful
instrument for modeling phenomena in science and technology. It
is hardly an exaggeration to say that differential equations are
used to define mathematical models in virtually all parts of the
natural sciences. In this document, we will take the first steps
towards learning how to deal with differential equations on a
computer. This is a core issue in Computational Science and
reaches far beyond what we can cover in this text. However, the
ideas you will see here are reused in lots of advanced
applications, so this document will hopefully provide useful
introduction to a topic that you will probably encounter many
times later. We will show you how to build programs for solving
differential equations. More precisely, we will show how a
differential equation can be formulated in a discrete manner
suitable for analysis on a computer, and how to implement
programs to compute the discrete solutions. The simplest
differential equations can be solved analytically in the sense
that you can write down an explicit formula for the solutions.
However, differential equations arising in practical
applications are usually rather complicated and thus have to be
solved numerically on a computer. Therefore we focus on
implementing numerical methods to solve the equations. The
document Programming
of ordinary differential equations describes
more advanced implementation techniques aimed at making an
easy-to-use toolbox for solving differential equations.
Exercises in the present document and the mentioned document aim
at solving a variety of differential equations arising in
various disciplines of science.
[Ravi, G. Second
Order Ordinary Differential Equation. J Am Sci
2024;20(12):234-245].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
02 doi:10.7537/marsjas201224.02
Keywords:
Initial value; Second order; Ordinary; Differential; Equation |
Full Text |
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3
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The effects of aerobic exercise program on ICAM-1, leptin serum,
LDL/HDL ratio and BMI in middle-aged women
Seyyed Mahmud
Hejazi1 Mohtaram Yazdanian2, Vahdat
Boghrabadi1, Mahdi Ghasemi2
1. Assistant
professor in sport physiology, Department of physical education,
Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad
University,
Mashhad, Iran
2. MA,
Department of physical education, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad
University, Mashhad, Iran
vahdat.boghrabadi@gmail.com
Abstract:
Background:
In regards to the increased prevalence of cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs), various factors, including intercellular
adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), leptin, lipid profile, and body
mass index (BMI) can be considered
as major risk factors of these diseases. The purpose of this
study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week aerobic
exercise on ICAM-1 levels, serum leptin levels, HDL/LDL ratio,
and BMI in middle-aged women.
Materials and Methods:
Twenty-five healthy women in the age range of ± 3.25 to 42.26
with no past history of diseases participated in this
quasi-experimental study. Further, 13 subjects were assigned as
experimental group and 12 as control group. The experimental
group had 40-min cumulative aerobic exercise sessions three
times a week for 8 weeks. The exercises were aimed to raise
their heart rate between 60 to 75% of their maximum heart rate.
ICAM-1
levels, serum leptin levels, HDL/LDL ratio and BMI were measured
both before and after the exercises. Results: The result
showed a significant decrease in ICAM-1 levels (p = 0.005),
serum leptin (p = 0.008), HDL/LDL ratio and BMI (p = 0.001). An
independent t-test was used to analyze the data.
Discussions.:
As the
body ages the risk for cardiovascular disease and
atherosclerosis increases, so regular aerobic exercise with its
significant impact on the cardiovascular risk factor reduction
can be a suitable tool for preventing the progression of these
diseases, especially in the middle aged.
[Hejazi
SM,
Yazdanian M,
Boghrabadi
V, Ghasemi
M. The effects of aerobic exercise program on ICAM-1, leptin
serum, LDL/HDL ratio and BMI in middle-aged women. J Am
Sci 2024;20(12):246-252]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN
2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
03 doi:10.7537/marsjas201224.03
Keywords:
aerobic
exercise; leptin; HDL/LDL ratio; ICAM-1 |
Full Text |
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Non
continuous
allocation
Algorithm for
Increasing the Utilization
Processor
in
Multi-Computers
Network
Rahmat Zolfaghari
*Islamic
Azad University, Hashtgerd Branch, Department of Computer
Engineering, Tehran, Iran
zolfaghari@alum.sharif.edu
Abstract:
Processor allocation is responsible for selecting a set of
processors in order to run parallel work on them, while job
schedule is responsible for determination of executing
works. Job Schedule selects the next job for execution based
on stated policy and then the processor allocation algorithm
finds the free processors for the selected work. Until now,
several continuous and non continuous techniques have been
given for processor allocation in mesh multi-computers
networks. Continuous allocation methods always try to
allocate a free continuous sub-mesh with the same requested
dimensional structure to the parallel input job. For this
reason, it produces the internal fragmentation in the
processors network.
Non continuous
allocation algorithms were produced with the aim of removing
processors fragmentation. In discontinuous allocation
algorithms, message interference between different jobs and
strugle to get communication resources increases network
communication overheads due to the increase in path length
passed by the message. This communication overhead is highly
dependent on to the manner of free sub-meshes allocation and
the manner of recording by the algorithm. This reasearch, a
non continuous allocation algorithm called Efficient and
Quick Non-Continuous Allocation (EQNA) algorithm has been
presented for a two-dimensional mesh network with C
programming language.
The efficiency
of this algorithm compared via simulator tool ProcSimity
with other
continuous and non continuous
allocation
algorithms.
Simulation results indicate improved
Utilization
Processor
in the given algorithm.
[Rahmat Zolfaghari.
Non continuous
allocation
Algorithm for
Increasing the Utilization
Processor
in
Multi-Computers
Network.
J Am Sci
2024;20(12):253-260].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
04 doi:10.7537/marsjas201224.03
Keywords
Utilization; multi-computers network; allocation processor;
fragmentation; continuous and non continuous
allocation
algorithms |
Full Text |
4
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5
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Review of
Literature on the role of PGs in physiological functioning of
granulosa cells
*Vivek Kumar Singh
and ** Dr. Mukesh Kumar
**Research Scholar,
Department of Zoology, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan
(India)
* Associate
Professor, Department of Zoology, SunRise University, Alwar,
Rajasthan (India)
Email:
Chaudharyv998@gmail.com
Abstract:
Prostaglandins
are a group of 20-carbon fatty acids produced from arachidonic
acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway in response to extrinsic
stimuli (Smith 1989, 1992; Smith et al.,1991; Smith et al.,
2011). Prostanoid biosynthesis (including classical
prostaglandins PGD,PGE and PGF, as well as prostacyclins and
thromboxanes) proceeds in three stages: (1) extrinsic
stimuli-activated mobilization of esterified arachidonate from
precursor lipids in the cell membrane through the action of
lipases, (2) conversion of arachidonate to the prostaglandin
endoperoxide (PGH2) mediated by PGH synthases, and (3)
cell-specific isomerization or reduction of PGH2 by specific
synthases (isomerases) or reductases to the major biologically
active prostanoids PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, prostacyclin (PGI2), or
thromboxane A2 (TXA2; Figure1, modified from Smith, 1992; Smith
et al., 2011). Prostaglandins are local hormones (i.e.
autocoids; Smith 1989, 1992; Smith et al., 1991). Infused PGE
and PGF derivatives fail to survive a single pass through the
circulatory system. Their synthesis is not restricted to a
central endocrine organ, but rather occurs in most organs,
although not necessarily in all cell types. The plasma
concentrations of these compounds, except in rare situations,
are less than 10-9M, a concentration normally unable to elicit
responses.
[Vivek Kumar Singh,
Mukesh Kumar. Review of Literature on the role of PGs
in physiological functioning of granulosa cells. J Am Sci
2024;20(12):261-264]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
05 doi:10.7537/marsjas201224.05
Keywords:
Review of Literature; PGs; physiological functioning; granulosa
cells |
Full Text |
5
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All
comments are welcome:
editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com,
or contact with author(s) directly.
For back issues of the Journal of American Science, click here.
Emails:
editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com
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