|
The Journal of American Science
(J Am Sci)
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online),
doi prefix: 10.7537, Monthly
Volume 20, Issue 6, Cumulated
No. 196, 25, 2024
Cover (jpg),
Cover (pdf),
Introduction,
Contents,
Call
for Papers,
am2006
The following manuscripts are presented as online first for
peer-review, starting from June 2, 2024.
All comments
are welcome:
editor@sciencepub.net;
americansciencej@gmail.com,
or contact with author(s) directly.
You can use the message in end of the article abstract to
cite it.
To get Microsoft Documents: After you open the
"Full Text" for each article, change the last 3 characters of
the web address from .pdf to .doc
Welcome to send
your manuscript(s) to:
americansciencej@gmail.com.
Marsland Press, 310 W 18th
Street, New York, NY 10011, USA.
718-404-5362; 347-321-7172
CONTENTS
|
No.
|
Titles / Authors
|
Full
Text
|
No.
|
|
1
|
Some prenatal morphohistological studies on the developing human
fourth rib with reference to ossification centers, cartilage
vascular canals, in light of suret el Room8, Lukman11 and el
thareate 21
Manal G Abd E l Wahab
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar
University-Cairo- Egypt
Member of Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel (Y A J) Scientific Chair of
Prophetic Medicine Applications, Faculty of Medicine, King
Abdulaziz University (KAU) Jeddah -Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
Abstract:
Thirty five human fetuses aged 4, 5, 6, 7, full term and newborn
infant: 4 months (13-16wks-CRL 9-14cm), 5 months old fetuses,
(17 -20weeks) CRL 15-19cm, 6-months old fetus:(21 -24weeks) CRL
20-23cm, 7 months old fetus:(25-28weeks) CRL 24-27cm, besides
full-term:(33-36 weeks- CRL 31-34cm) and newborn infant (37-38
weeks-(CRL 35-36cm) were studied in the present work.6 adult
ribs were used for comparison. The fetuses were obtained from
the miscarriage and spontaneous abortion from Gynecology and
Obstetrics Department of Al -Zaharaa hospital- Faculty of
medicine for girls –Al-Azhar University,
Egypt (according to medical ethics). They were used to study the
normal morphogenesis of the developing prenatal human fetal
fourth rib. Adult corresponding ribs from new cadavers (male and
female) were used. The cadavers were obtained from the
Dissection room – Anatomy Department - Faculty of medicine for
girls -Al Azhar University, Cairo -Egypt. The 4th
ribs were dissected and the costochondral junction were cut off,
decalcified, blocked and prepared for histological study using
heamatoxyline and eosin stain, Malory triple stain and Masson
trichrome stain. Photos for the histological study were taken by
Olympus50xB Microscope, attached to Camera: OlympusDP72, and
Connected to the computer Dell at King Fahd center-King Abdul
Aziz. University-KSA-Jeddah, morphology photos by canon camera
zoom were made. Measures of the length of subperiosteal bone
collar SPBC, and estimation of the diameters of secondary
ossification centers SOC, and the cartilage canals were done
according to the scale on the microphotograph. It was found
that, each fourth rib had anterior sternal end, shaft, and
posterior vertebral end. The rib had an angle which divided it
into posterior cylindrical 1/4 part and anterior 3/4 flattened
part. The angle became more open with age progress. Each 4thrib
had two borders; upper and lower and two surfaces; inner and
outer. The lower border in the prenatal ages became sharper with
age progress. Slight twist in the shaft of full term rib was
first noted, whereas there was great twist in adult rib. The
subcostal groove was detected in full term. The posterior end
beard head, neck and tubercle. The tubercle was first noted at
6-month old age fetus:(21 -24weeks- 20-23cm), and became more
prominent with age progress. The prenatal ribs increased in size
and length with age progress. Histological examination of parts
of radial, TS&LS serial sections of parts of the 4th
developing prenatal human rib of 4,5, 6,7 aged fetuses, full
term - and newborn infant, at the costochondral junction (CCJ),
showed that the CCJ was formed of chondroblasts arranged in
columns embedded in matrix, standing on sponge irregular bone.
The epiphyseal cartilage growth plate was zones with no
demarcation lines: the germinative, proliferative, hypertrophic
zones. At 4month aged fetus, the cartilage growth plate was long
with no provisional zone of calcification PZC, while the sponge
area was short. The PZC was noted at 5 month aged fetus, and
increased in surface area with age progress till full term. The
cartilage growth plate of 9month aged fetus was short and thin,
while the sponge bone increased in length due to added bone
grown by endochondral ossification. The germinative
(inert,reserve,stem cell zone) was formed of small cells within
large amount of matrix. The proliferative zone started as small
flat cartilage cells, with dividing cells, which increased in
size and formed cell columns, between few matrix. The
hypertrophic zone was formed of enormously enlarged cartilage
cells regularly arranged in columns between threads of matrix,
with final 2-3 ballooned cells bursting in the sponge bone of
the metaphysis, which represented primary ossification center
POC, causing rib appositional growth and elongation by
endochondral ossification. The transitional complex area;
cartilage -to- bone at CCJ, showed the presence of cartilage
cell columns between threads of matrix, and chondroclasts gaint
multinucleate cells, eroding the matrix, basophilic polarized
osteoblasts on the surface of the newly formed matrix, besides
blood cells in the sponge. Ossification corner forming primary
ossification center POC was seen. The secondary ossification
centers SOC, in the epiphysis after establishment of the POC of
4month aged fetus, showed the presence of cartilage cells
columns between threads of matrix, chondroclasts, basophilic
polarized osteoblasts and blood cells, in addition to Osteocytes
in stages of formation present in eosin acidic field due to TRAP
production from the chondroclasts. Enlarged cartilage cells
around the SOC formed a morphological plate similar to the
growth plate at the CCJ were seen. The differences between POC
and SOC were that; the SOC center, was invaded by cartilage
vascular canals, which incorporated, branched and distributed
inside the SOC, and their walls transformed to basophil bone
like cells. Osteoclasts were embedded between the matrix of the
sponge bone, surrounded by, in the POC and also in the SOC. The
periosteum and perichondriuem of 4month aged fetus were thin at
the costochondral junction CCJ, and increased in thickness with
age progress. The periosteum was continuos with the
perichondrium. The periosteum, at the CCJ of the developing
prenatal human 4th rib of all ages studied, was
formed of a fibrous sheath surrounded the outer surface of the
bony part. It was composed of: outer layer of dense white
fibrous tissue contained blood vessels, and an inner layer
contained loose tissue and osteoblasts. The inner osteogenic or
osteoblastic layer was the germinative layer which formed new
bones. The sponge irregular bone was formed of irregular
trabeculae appeared anastomosing. On the surfaces of the
trabeculae, there were osteoblasts branched deep basophilic
polarized cells formed a continues layer were seen,
chondroclasts giant multinucleate cells were seen. The spaces
between the trabeculea of the sponge at the CCJ increased with
age progress. The thickness and density of the trabeculea
increased with age progress. The perichondruin in 4months fetus,
was formed of thin layers of CT, and mesenchyme` full of blood
vessels, which increased in thickness with age progress. Three
degrees of stain affinities were noted by Masson trichrome and
Malory triple stain, in the perichondrium, sub perichondrium,
and the hyaline cartilage of the developing prenatal human 4th
rib, indicating the presence of different types of precollagen,
collagen and tissue remodeling. The perichondrium stained strong
deep, the sub perchondrium stained moderate and the hyaline
cartilage had faint stain juxta the CCJ. The difference in stain
affinities was obvious in all developing prenatal ages. At
4months aged fetus, the perichondria layers showed,special
complex arrangement to allow pathway for cartilage canals and
Spur contour arrangement of cartilage... cells beneath the
complex arrangement in the epiphysis was seen by Mallory triple
stain,and Masson trichrome stain.At 4,5,6,7 and 9 months aged
fetuses, cartilage vascular canals surrounded by mesenchyme
extended from the vascular perichondrium, were detected.Some
canals at 4month aged fetus had mesenchyme and no
vessels.Cartilage vascular canals varied in shape,size and
content were noted close to secondary ossification centers SOC,
aproched,anchored,incorporated and distributed inside the SOC in
the epiphyseal cartilage in ALL prenatal ages studied. Cartilage
canals number increased at full term. At the age of 6month aged
fetus, some cartilage canals containing collagen with incomplete
wall were noted. At the age of 7month fetus, some empty
cartilage canals with conical ends and stripes of matrix around
the canals were noted, besides obliterated occluded cartilage
canals were seen. At 9month age fetus, cartilage canals with
kinking course, small branches, reunited with terminal
glomerulus were seen. Wedge shaped Groove of Ranveir (GR) full
of newly formed cartilage cells, and subperiosteal bone collar
SPBC or bone bark, which had rich vascular perchondrial supply
were noted at the periphysis of 4month aged fetus and full term.
The formed bone bark or SPBC, were formed by membranous
ossification synchronous at the same time with endochondral
ossification at the CCJ. That event, occurred to strengthen and
support the rib and provided added cells to the growth plate,
after endochondral ossification at the CCJ, to compansate and
support cartilage cell loss after bursting in the sponge. That
coincided with Quraan suret el ensane 28. which meant that Allah
created the human and supported and strengthen his creation. The
length of the SPBC of 4 month aged fetus was approximately
670um.and the length of the SPBC–of full term was approximately
ranged 300-460um according to the scale on the microphotograph.
At 4month aged fetus, Small secondary ossification centers
coalesced to form large ossification center. Superficial
vascular cartilage canals extending from the complex vascular
perichondrium, invaded the secondary ossification center SOC At
6 and 9months aged fetuses, initial multiple secondary
ossification centers were seen. The initial secondary
ossification centers SOC were formed of collected enlarged
cartilage cells aggregated in round areas, and surounded by
vascular cartilage canals,which varied in shape size and
contents.and some showed chondrolysis.Some vascular cartilage
canals were occupied by one vessel.The secondary SOC occurred,
AFTER first establishment of POC,coincided with Quran,suret al
zomar 6and, suret Nooh14.Conclusion:Changes with age progress
were noted in the prenatal developing human 4th rib
at the costochondral junction CCJ: in the cartilage growth
plate,cartilage vascular canals, tissue perichondrium,
periosteum, grove of Ranvier,irregular cancelous spongy bone,
bone trabecular –primary ossification center POC, secondary
ossification center SOC.The changes were to accommodate for the
function of the developing ribs as container and protection of
the thoracic organs. The changes in the prenatal developing
human 4th ribs with age progress illustrated some
scientific, medical, and linguistic miraculous signs of suret el
Room8 (Roman), Lukman11, el thareate21and fuselate 53. The Quran
indicatd the presence of powerfull creator ALLAH.
[Manal G Abd El Wahab
Some prenatal morphohistological
studies on the developing human fourth rib with reference to
ossification centers, cartilage vascular canals, in light of
suret el Room8, Lukman11 and el thareate 21.
J Am Sci
2024;20(6):1-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
01.
doi:10.7537/marsjas200624.01.
Key words:
Developing prenatal human 4th rib- costochondral
junction CCJ –Morphology-histology- Growth plate –cartilage
canals – (primary –secondary ossification centers POC-SOC) -
sponge bone- perichondrium- periosteum - grove of Ranvier
–subperiosteal bone collar SPBC |
Full Text |
1
|
|
2
|
STUDY ON REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON
CHALCOGENIDES
*PARDEEP AND **DR. PUSHPENDRA KRISHNA GAUR
1Research
Scholar, Department of Physics, SunRise University, Alwar,
Rajasthan (India)
2Associate
Professor, Department of Physics, SunRise University, Alwar,
Rajasthan (India)
Email:
rajole97@gmail.com
Abstract:
Owing to
promising optical and electrical properties and better thermal
and aqueous stability, chalcogenide perovskites have shown a
wide range of applications. Chalcogenides belong to the 16th group
of periodic tables and could be potential materials for the
fabrication of efficient and stable (chalcogenide perovskite)
solar cells. Generally, metal halide perovskites are used for
the fabrication of solar cells. However, they have some grave
problems like less stability and toxicity. In this context,
chalcogenide perovskites (AB (S, Se)3) may be a
better option due to their potential to solve the existing
problems and hence could be deployed in the fabrication of
high-performance solar cells. These chalcogenide perovskites
have high stability (thermal and aqueous), along with their
environment-friendly elemental composition. In this review, we
present various techniques used for the synthesis of
chalcogenide perovskites and their applications in the
fabrication of solar cells. Furthermore, we have also studied
the scope for the commercial development of chalcogenide
perovskite–based solar cell.
[Pradeep and Gaur, P.K STUDY ON REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON
CHALCOGENIDES.
J Am Sci
2024;20(6):60-63]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264
(online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
01.
doi:10.7537/marsjas200624.01.
Keywords:
Review of literature, Glasses,
Chalcogenides,
Semiconductor |
Full Text |
2
|
|
3
|
Role of L- Carnitine as Adjuvant Therapy with Letrozole for
Ovulation Induction in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
(PCOS)
Mohanad Ashraf Ezz Eldin , Mohamed Ali Mohamed, Mohamed Mahmoud
Mohamed
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine,
Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
E-mail:
Mohand_EG@Yahoo.Com
Abstract:
Background:
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine
disorder that impacts females who are in their reproductive
years. There was a correlation between this syndrome and the
presence of bigger and dysfunctional ovaries, higher
concentration of androgens, insulin resistance and several other
significant variables associated with the condition.
L-carnitine (LC)is a small molecule
that is soluble in water and has a crucial role in the breakdown
of fats and the production of energy through the oxidation of
fatty acids in mitochondria. L-carnitine has the potential to
enhance ovarian function and boost the risk of a successful
pregnancy. Aim of the work: To assess the
effect of adding L-carnitine with letrozole for inducing
ovulation in females with polycystic ovary syndrome, we examined
the changes in endometrial thickness as well as ovulation rate,
clinical and chemical pregnancy. Patients and Methods:
blinded randomized controlled investigation, whereas two hundred
females with PCOS diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria
(2003), were shared and equally distributed to double
groups, each group involved one hundred females. The first group
added L-carnitine to letrozole, while the second group took
letrozole alone with an evaluation of ovulation induction.
Results: The accumulated
ovulation rate was statistically significantly raised in the
first group than in the second group. Also, accumulated chemical
and clinical pregnancy rates were higher in the first group than
in the second group. The endometrial thickness
was highly statistically significantly reduced in the
participants of first group compared to the participants of
second group. Conclusions: The evaluated
variables of the research results demonstrated that adding
L-carnitine to letrozole throughout ovulation induction in
polycystic ovarian syndrome patients improved the endometrial
thickness, ovulation rate, clinical and chemical pregnancy
rates.
[Mohanad Ashraf Ezz Eldin ,
Mohamed Ali Mohamed, Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed. Role of L-
Carnitine as Adjuvant Therapy with Letrozole for Ovulation
Induction in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).
J Am Sci
2024;20(4):64-72].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
03.
doi:10.7537/marsjas200424.03.
Keywords: L-carnitine, Letrozole, Ovulation Rate, Chemical
Pregnancy, Clinical pregnancy, Endometrial Thickness, PCOS, CC |
Full Text |
3
|
|
4
|
Effect of endobronchial gentamycin and dexamethasone after air
way clearance by bronchoscopy
in patients
with
bronchiectasis
Afnan M. Abdel Halim, Assem F. El Essawy, Radwa A. El Hefny,
Enas S. Farhat*
Chest Diseases Department,
Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt
e mail:
esf11@fayoum.edu.eg
Abstract: Background:
Patients with bronchiectasis often experience a low quality of
life, recurrent chest infections, and a persistent daily
expectoration. Bronchial airway clearance therapy (ACT) has
demonstrated a positive prognosis for patients with acute
exacerbation of bronchiectasis. Gentamycin is a viable treatment
choice for bronchiectasis since it lowers the amount of bacteria
in the airways and reduces inflammation. One of the most often
used glucocorticoids is dexamethasone, which can lessen mucus
secretion from the airways and decrease the expression of
inflammatory proteins. Aim of study: to assess the
effect of endobronchial therapy with dexamethasone together with
gentamicin after bronchoscopic clearance of airways
in improvement
of symptoms and sputum
bacteriology in
patients with bronchiectasis.
Methods:
A randomized–controlled trial was conducted in chest department
of Fayoum University hospital during April 2022- Septemper 2023.
This study included 60 patients of bronchiectasis (Case group:
included 30 patients that underwent bronchoscopy with topical
intrabronchial injection of a mixture of saline, gentamicin and
dexamethasone after bronchoscopic air way clearance, Control
group: included 30 patients with air way clearance by
bronchoscopy only at admission and 3 months later). Follow up
data including cough score, mMRC score, FEV1, FACED score,
sputum bacteriology within 3 and 6 months. Results: There
was statistical significant improvement in (case group)
regarding morning, night cough score, mMRC dyspnea score, FACED
score and FEV1 within 6 months post bronchoscopy. No reported
post bronchoscopy serious complications among our 60 studied
patients. Conclusion: Endobronchial injection of
dexamethasone and gentamicin after bronchoscopic ACT
significantly improved cough and dyspnea, lung function and
FACED score within 6 months.
[Afnan M. Abdel Halim, Assem F. El Essawy, Radwa A. El Hefny,
Enas S. Farhat
Effect of endobronchial gentamycin and dexamethasone after air
way clearance by bronchoscopy
in patients
with
bronchiectasis
J
Am Sci
2024;20(4):73-83].
ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online).
http://www.jofamericanscience.org
04.
doi:10.7537/marsjas200424.04.
Key words:
Bronchiectasis, Bronchoscopy, Airway clearance, Gentamicin,
Dexamethasone |
Full Text |
4
|
|
5
|
|
Full Text |
5
|
|
6
|
|
Full Text |
6
|
|
7
|
|
Full Text |
7
|
|
8
|
|
Full Text |
8
|
|
9
|
|
Full Text |
9
|
|
10
|
|
Full Text |
10
|
|
11
|
|
Full Text |
11
|
|
12
|
|
Full Text |
12
|
|
13
|
|
Full Text |
13
|
|
14
|
|
Full Text |
14
|
|
15
|
|
Full Text |
15
|
|
16
|
|
Full Text |
16
|
|
17
|
|
Full Text |
17
|
|
18
|
|
Full Text |
18
|
|
19
|
|
Full Text |
19
|
|
20
|
|
Full Text |
20
|
|
21
|
|
Full Text |
21
|
|
22
|
|
Full Text |
22
|
|
23
|
|
Full Text |
23
|
|
24
|
|
Full Text |
24
|
|
25
|
|
Full Text |
25
|
|
26
|
|
Full Text |
26
|
|
27
|
|
Full Text |
27
|
|
28
|
|
Full Text |
28
|
|
29
|
|
Full Text |
29
|
|
30
|
|
Full Text |
30
|
|
31
|
|
Full Text |
31
|
|
32
|
|
Full Text |
32
|
|
33
|
|
Full Text |
33
|
|
34
|
|
Full Text |
34
|
|
35
|
|
Full Text |
35
|
|
36
|
|
Full Text |
36
|
|
37
|
|
Full Text |
37
|
|
38
|
|
Full Text |
38
|
|
39
|
|
Full Text |
39
|
|
40
|
|
Full Text |
40
|
|
41
|
|
Full Text |
41
|
|
42
|
|
Full Text |
42
|
|
43
|
|
Full Text |
43
|
|
44
|
|
Full Text |
44
|
|
45
|
|
Full Text |
45
|
|
46
|
|
Full Text |
46
|
|
47
|
|
Full Text |
47
|
|
48
|
|
Full Text |
48
|
|
49
|
|
Full Text |
49
|
|
50
|
|
Full Text |
50
|
|
51
|
|
Full Text |
51
|
|
52
|
|
Full Text |
52
|
|
53
|
|
Full Text |
53
|
|
54
|
|
Full Text |
54
|
|
55
|
|
Full Text |
55
|
|
56
|
|
Full Text |
56
|
|
57
|
|
Full Text |
57
|
|
58
|
|
Full Text |
58
|
|
59
|
|
Full Text |
59
|
|
60
|
|
Full Text |
60
|
|
61
|
|
Full Text |
61
|
|
62
|
|
Full Text |
62
|
|
63
|
|
Full Text |
63
|
|
64
|
|
Full Text |
64
|
|
65
|
|
Full Text |
65
|
|
66
|
|
Full Text |
66
|
|
67
|
|
Full Text |
67
|
|
68
|
|
Full Text |
68
|
|
69
|
|
Full Text |
69
|
|
70
|
|
Full Text |
70
|
|
71
|
|
Full Text |
71
|
|
72
|
|
Full Text |
72
|
|
73
|
|
Full Text |
73
|
|
74
|
|
Full Text |
74
|
|
75
|
|
Full Text |
75
|
All
comments are welcome:
editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com,
or contact with author(s) directly.
For back issues of the Journal of American Science, click here.
Emails:
editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com
|
