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Work Function of Metals and Strain based on Brodies Model using Free Electron Theory

G.E. Adesakin¹, T.H. Akande¹, O.G. Edema², J.O. Chukwu³, O. O. Olusola⁴, F.O. Ogunlana⁴, O.D. Afe¹, O.A. Fasiku¹, Agbetuyi Oluranti Adegoke¹ Faruq Oyediran¹ and Ogunrinde V. O.

¹Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

²Department of Physical Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria

³Federal College of Education (Technical) Ekiadolor, Benin City, Edo State

⁴Department of Physics, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti, Nigeria

G-mail of corresponding author: adesakingbenga@gmail.com

Abstract: In this study, Brodie model based on plasma physics concept is extended to the study of work function of metals since the model redefined the work function of metals by reducing it to the work done by electron against the image forces. The scaling factor of each metals is obtained by directly substituting the experimental value of Fermi energy, work function and electron density parameter of each metals into the model used in this work. Result obtained revealed that there is a good agreement between computed and experimental value of work function. The trend display by work function of metals in this work revealed that it depend on the number of valence electron per unit cell, conduction electron, material composition and nature of metallic surface. The work function of metals decreases as the strain increases. The decrease in work function as strain increases may be due to the effect of strain on some properties that work function of metals relied upon. Platinum has the highest work function while Potassium has the lowest work function when subjected to different strain.

[G.E. Adesakin, T.H. Akande, O.G. Edema, J.O. Chukwu, O. O. Olusola, F.O. Ogunlana, O.D. Afe, O.A. Fasiku, Agbetuyi Oluranti Adegoke Faruq Oyediran  and Ogunrinde V. O.Work Function of Metals and Strain based on Brodies Model using Free Electron Theory. J Am Sci 2024;20(5):1-8]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  01. doi:10.7537/marsjas200524.01.

Keywords: work function, Brodie model, strain, scaling factor, reconstruction, nature of surface, atom configuration

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Computer-Virus: TYPES AND ITS PREVENTATION

Dr. Vivek Kumar

Assistant Professor In Computer Science, Hari College of Management, Hindon Bridge, Dehradun Road, Gagalheri- 247669, Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh)

viveks865@gmail.com

Abstract: Chances are you’ve heard how important it is to keep viruses out, but what is a computer virus exactly? A computer virus is a type of malicious software, or malware, that spreads between computers and causes damage to data and software. Computer viruses aim to disrupt systems, cause major operational issues, and result in data loss and leakage. A key thing to know about computer viruses is that they are designed to spread across programs and systems. Computer viruses typically attach to an executable host file, which results in their viral codes executing when a file is opened. The code then spreads from the document or software it is attached to via networks, drives, file-sharing programs, or infected email attachments.

[Kumar, V. Computer-Virus: TYPES AND ITS PREVENTATION. J Am Sci 2024;20(5):9-12]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 02. doi:10.7537/marsjas200524.02.

Keywords: Computer, Virus, Types, Preventation

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Predictors of the outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt

Mahmoud A. Zaitoun, Hanan A. Hasan, Magedy A. Aidarous, Mohammed E. Mahdy.

Neurology Department, Zagazig University.

mdymahdy@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Intracerebral hemorrhage is characterized as the most lethal early form of stroke, with high rates of mortality, not only during the initial hospitalization phase (39%), but also three months later (33.5%) with a significant long-term disability. The aim of our study was to assess the most important outcome predictor variables in patients presented with spontaneous ICH. In our present study, we included 116 patients diagnosed with spontaneous ICH, their mean age 62.54±11.45 years and ranged from 22-90 years with median of age 63 years. Males were 57.8% and 42.2% were females. Most of our patients were right handed 96.6%. The vascular risk factors were hypertension in 86.2%, DM in 15.5% and current smoking in 37.9%.all patients were subjected to Full history taking, General and neurological examination with assessment of neurological function on admission using National institutes of Health Stroke Scale (N.I.H.S.S.). Laboratory assessment  on admission including:  the total leukocytic count and HB level D dimmer level and Computerized Tomography All the included patients were followed up, both clinically using the NIHSS score, radiologically with CT brain after 1 week and 4 weeks of the onset to assess the growth, complications or resolution. The results showed that: There is more common predilection of primary ICH to occur in the winter months. Motor dysfunction is the most common clinical presentation with the majority in the right side of the body. Basal ganglia especially putamen is considered as the commonest site for primary ICH mostly on the left side. The 30 day mortality was about one third of the patients. Hematoma volume on admission has a significant positive correlation with NIHSS, ICH score and admission diastolic hypertension and negatively correlated with GCS. Admission GCS, NIHSS and ICH score have a significant predictive value of the 30 day mortality and disability in cases of SICH. Elevated blood pressure, stress hyperglycemia, leukocytosis, elevated CRP, D-dimer and large hematoma volume, all these factors significantly predict the overall mortality after one month.

[Mahmoud A. Zaitoun, Hanan A. Hasan, Magedy A. Aidarous, Mohammed E. Mahdy. Predictors of the outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. J Am Sci 2024;20(5):13-22]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 

03. doi:10.7537/marsjas200524.03.

Keywords: Predictor; outcome; patient; primary intracerebral hemorrhage; Hospitals

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The effect of the use of information technology in urban management systems (Yazd)

Abbas Navabpoor (corresponding author)

1-       Yazd branch, Islamic Azad university, Yazd, Iran.

2-       Commercial director, Company of  Pishgaman Kavir Asia ,Yazd, Iran.

mohsen8203934@yahoo.com

Abstract

Today, with more complex urban issues, there are numerous ways to solve problems. One of the most common methods around the world, resulting in significant developments in information technology and communications, Where quality and way of life, such as social change and economic development, is significantly dependent on information and its utilization. Based on the findings of a survey among organizations and citizens of the city of Yazd is provided. To collect information on library, documentation and field (questionnaire) and SPSS20 software to analyze the data used finally, these results obtained from the use of IT facilities for urban current affairs is low. Centers, facilities and web sites of IT services provider in the city of Yazd in providing electronic services to citizens has been quite satisfactory. A bout the index of  E-citizen and acceptance of it, people are more willing to use the technology. And finally, the access to information and communication technology, although high among managers, but most citizens do his work by calling. The study suggests that because of structural weaknesses and lack of expertise in the use of this technology, managers tend to do things the traditional method that requires training in this field.

[Abbas Navabpoor. The effect of the use of information technology in urban management systems (Yazd). J Am Sci 2024;20(5):23-27]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  04. doi:10.7537/marsjas200524.04.

Keywords: E-citizen, information and communication technology, urban planning, urban management

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Electrophoretic analyses of proteins and enzymes in the midguts of palm weevil, Rhynchophorus phoenicis F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Omotoso, O. T.

Ekiti State University,

Department of Zoology,

P.M.B. 5363,

Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Abstract: Proteins and enzymes are very important in living organisms. Proteins play crucial roles in the repairs and growth of organisms while enzymes which are proteinous in nature, are important in food digestion.  Electrophoretic profile of the midgut homogenate of the larvae and adults of Rhynchophorus phoenicis F were carried out to determine their protein bands using sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The results of this work revealed eight distinct protein bands whose relative mobility Rm ranged from 0.06 – 0.75 in the larva and 0.08 – 0.89 in the adult. The molecular weights of the proteins in the larva are 17,780 Da, 25,120 Da, 31,620 Da, 50,120 Da, 63,100 Da, 79,430 Da, 100,000 Da and 199,500 Da while in the adult the molecular weights of the proteins are 11,220 Da, 22,390 Da, 25,120 Da, 31,620 Da, 50,120 Da, 95,500 Da, 177,800 Da and 190,500 Da. The midguts of R. phoenicis have so much proteins and enzymes that are responsible for the effective digestion of the fibrous tissues of the palm trees. 

[Omotoso, O. T. Electrophoretic analyses of proteins and enzymes in the midguts of palm weevil, Rhynchophorus phoenicis F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Am Sci 2024;20(5):28-32]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org  05. doi:10.7537/marsjas200524.05.

Key words: Electrophoresis, buffer solution, enzymes, midgut, molecular weights, homogenate

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