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Analysis Of Trace Metals In Honey Samples Obtained From Mambilla Plateau, Nigeria

Eneji, I.S., Lullah Deh, J.A, and Khan, M.E.

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

ABSTRACT: Trace metals concentrations (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cd) were investigated in honey samples obtained from different locations on the Mambilla Plateau, using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).  The results showed that, the mean range of trace metals (ppm) determined were Cr (0.05 – 0.53), Mn (0.10 – 0.61), Fe (0.53 – 4.67), Co (0.03 – 0.09), Ni (0.02 – 0.05), Cu (0.01 – 0.10), Zn (0.01 – 0.11), Pb (0.02 – 0.13), and Cd (0.02 – 0.03). Cr and As were below detection levels in honey samples obtained from beefarmers.  Similarly Ni, Zn, As, Pb and Cd were below detection levels from market samples. The results of the metals concentrations were far below the guideline limits of international standards.

[Eneji, I.S., Lullah Deh, J.A, and Khan, M.E. Analysis Of Trace Metals In Honey Samples Obtained From Mambilla Plateau, Nigeria. Am Sci 2021;17(5):1-8]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas170521.01.

Keywords: Analysis; Trace Metal; Honey; Mambilla Plateau; Nigeria

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Analyzing the impact of sanctions against Iran

Mohammad Mokhber

Ph. D, Management of Planning and Development, Global Business Academy of Belgium

M.A. in International Low, Faculty of Low, Payame Noor University, Iran

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to investigate this issue whether the sanctions, as claimed, have significant impacts on the economy of Iran? To achieve this aim, the paper is classified into three main sections; first section investigates the theoretical principles of sanctions including the concept, objectives and performance; the second section studies the imposed sanctions against Iran and their provisions are analyzed; finally, the third section reviews the effects of sanctions on the macro-economic variables of Iran within the vector autoregressive model (VAR). The results indicate that an increase in the interest rate can enhance the foreign direct investment rate. Furthermore, the dummy variable coefficient is negative which means that the foreign direct investment rate is reduced by imposing the sanctions in a year. Furthermore, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will have the negative growth in the current period by enhancing the growth of foreign direct investment rate in the previous period. Moreover, the interest rate has a positive coefficient meaning that an increase in the interest rates will lead to the GDP growth.

[Mohammad Mokhber. E. Analyzing the impact of sanctions against Iran. Am Sci 2021;17(5):9-20]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas170521.02.

Keywords: Sanctions, foreign direct investment, interest rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Iran

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Ecotourism Development Strategy in Hormoz Island Using SWOT Model

Homa Zakeri ¹, Farah Habib ²

^1. Department of Urban Planning and Design, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran

^2. Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Zakeri.homa@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ecotourism which is based on environmental capabilities and natural resources is able to provide the field for economic, social and cultural development of local communities by attracting tourists. It can also provide a solution for the optimal use during the conservation of areas under the management if it is combined with the careful planning and regions feasibility in terms of demand, and the opinions of people (visitors and locals). Hormozs land, located on the Persian Gulf, is selected as the subject of this paper due to its long coast line and taking the advantage of cultural and historical heritage (Portuguese fort) and environmental attractions. In this regard, this paper uses the analytical-descriptive method and introduces the values of Hormoz Island in line with the Ecotourism development on the island. Then it used the analysis based on SWOT model and provides strategies for ecotourism development on the island. It also concluded that an integrated management is needed in the coastal areas to balance the fields of architecture, planning and environment, so that the ecotourism development may arise.

[Zakeri H, Habin F. Ecotourism Development Strategy in Hormoz Island Using SWOT Model. Am Sci 2021;17(5):21-29]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas170521.03.

Keywords: Ecotourism, Hormoz Island, SWOT, Development Strategyecies richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest\

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Bioassay of some plant oil against bacterial rot pathogens

Ijato J. Y

Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

E-mail: considerureternity@gmail.com; GSM: 08067335124

Abstract：This experiment was designed to assay for inhibitory in vitro and in vivo potential of some indigenous and medicinal plants’ essential oil against some plant pathogens associated with sweet potato soft rot. Plant protection plays an important role in agriculture for food quality and quantity to ensure food security for the teeming populace. The diagnosis and identification of phytodiseases are essential prerequisites for their understanding and control. Among the plant pests, bacterial pathogens have devastating effects on plant yield and productivity. Essential oils were extracted from four local botanicals viz: Azardirachta indica, Zingiber officinale, Cymbopogon citratus and Camellia sinensis to inhibit three species of bacteria namely: Ralstonia solanacearum Erwinia carotovora and Flavobacteria sp isolated from diseased potato tuber. The disease causing abilities of these bacteria were successfully confirmed (pathogenicity test). All the plant oils assayed inhibited the bacterial growth at varying degrees compared with control (sterile water) experiment. In vitro bioassay of Z. officinale oil was found as the most inhibitive on E. carotovora (19.30mm), while in the in vivo studies, E. carotovora (17.75mm) was mostly inhibited by C. sinensis oil. The potential of the plant essential oils to serve as prospective bio control agent against phytobacteria rot of sweet potato can be explored further by isolating and characterizing the antimicrobial constituents as active principles without using crude oil.

[Ijato J. Y. Bioassay of some plant oil against bacterial rot pathogens. Am Sci 2021;17(5):30-36]. ISSN 1545-1003(print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas170521.04.

Keyword: sweet potato, plant oil, bacterial rot pathogens

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A Study On The Yangtze River And Global Monsoon Time Scales

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1,Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055.

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: World top rivers are fast dying as a result of climate change Five of the ten rivers they are Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Ganges, Indus in Asia; La Plata, Rio Grande/Rio Bravo in America: Murray-Darling in Australia and Nile-Lake Victoria and many others. Rivers are losing water and decrease in flow is because of climate change   In the recent decades, the  world monsoon systems are   weakening  and rains are shrinking. Rivers, reservoirs, ponds are falling and drying. Some rivers are extinct. Due to these  monsoon failure and drought conditions, water catchment areas are becoming villages and towns as people made houses with a feeling that the rains do not come and the rivers are not inundated with waters. However, governments should consider one important thing.  Perhaps sometime in the coming years and decades, the monsoon repeats as early as  previous  years and decades, there heavy rains and floods  are going to happen in. The rivers, reservoirs and ponds will be filled with waters. People who live in those water catchment areas are trapped in the heavy rains and floods as the water flow into the towns and villages in their former way. As a result massive loss of life and property is going on. Yangtze is one of the drying rivers of the world. Yangtze and its drainage, catchment and  sunken areas  is one of the drying rivers of world. The river has highest flood flows in Asia. By studying the Global Monsoons Time Scale (East Asian Monsoon Time Scale) that monitors the global  monsoon  such as East Asian monsoon which influencing and affecting  the catchment areas and basins of the river Yangtze, we can  assess, evaluate and estimate the upcoming conditions  and future water streams and floods of the Yangtze river and  taking necessary precautions on the basis of those parameters.  So the governments and the people take this into consideration and pretend.  Let’s discuss this issue now.  

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. A Study On The Yangtze River And Global Monsoon Time Scaless. Am Sci 2021;17(5):37-55]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas170521.05.

Key words:  Global Monsoons Time Scales, Indian  Monsoon Time Scale, Yengtze river,  East Asian monsoon, East Asian Monsoon Time Scale

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Distribution Challenges in the Chinese Economy Focusing on Finance

¹Mohammad Hadi Damiri, ²Sasan Ghermezi

¹Abadeh Tashk Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadeh Tashk, Fars, Iran

²University of Applied Sciences and Technology, Jahad Daneshgahi Branch, Shiraz, Fars, Iran

ghermezisasan@gmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different distribution methods available to Beijing Oasis and decide which method should be implemented. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each distribution method, a recommendation will be offered as well as implementation of that decision.

[Mohammad Hadi Damiri, Sasan Ghermezi. Distribution Challenges in the Chinese Economy Focusing on Finance. Am Sci 2021;17(5):56-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas170521.06.

Keywords: Distribution, China, Economy, Finance

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Manifestation of Evil in Persian Mythology from the Perspective of the Zoroastrian Religion

Seyed Reza Ebrahimi¹ and Elnaz Valaei Bakhshayesh²

¹Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran s.r.ebrahimi@iausdj.ac.ir

² Elnaz Valaei Bakhshayesh valaei.elnaz.b@gmail.com

Abstract: Zoroastrian religion, which was first founded in ancient Iran before Islam, introduces the constant conflict between Ahura Mazda, known as the benevolent, omniscient and endless light, and Ahriman which is the endless and absolute darkness and aims to demolish Ahura mazda. For this purpose, Ahriman creates six demons of evil thought including Akoman (equivalent to Avestan Akem Manah), Indar, Naonhaithya, Saurva, Taurvi and finally Zauri which are incarnated as villains to counter Ahura Mazda’s creation and good thoughts. In a mythological legend like Shahnameh , Ferdowsi distinctly depicts the battle between evil and human being which ultimately leads to the victory of benevolence. This paper aims to investigate the mythological villainy of Akoman and its defeat by Rustam in Ferdowsi’s great epic Shahnameh.

[S.R. Ebrahimi, E.Valaei Bakhshayesh. Manifestation of Evil in Persian Mythology from the Perspective of the Zoroastrian Religion. Am Sci 2021;17(5):60-65]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas170521.07.

Key words: Zoroastrianism, Villain, Daeva, Ahriman, Ahura Mazda, Aka Manah, myth.

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Comparative Study of the Stories of Gifted and Creative Children in C.A.T Test

Leila hamivand

 MSc. in Exceptional Children Psychology

leylahamivand@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study is to comparatively study the stories of gifted children and creative children in Children's Apperception Test (C.A.T). The method of the research is descriptive. The statistical society of the research includes all gifted and creative students of primary schools in Tehran city in 2010-11 years. 60 students (30 gifted students and 30 creative students) contributed in the study to be selected for available sampling. The Instrumentations of data collection was Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural [TTCT] and Children’s Apperception Test (C.A.T). The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics(chi-square test, t–test for independent samples, Fisher exact test) and content analysis. Results indicated a statistically significant difference between gifted and creative students in hero age of second, fourth, fifth and seventh cards; hero job of fifth card; hero interests of seventh card, process of mental of third and sixth cards and sentences number of fifth card. There was not a significant difference in other data. According to these results, creative students with average IQ have the verbal performance similar to the students with high IQ. The researchers suggest the educational system to recognize creativity in addition to IQ, as an independent factor in identifying gifted students and providing them with the special services of the gifted .

[Leila hamivand, Janet Hashemi Azar, Gholamreza Sarami ^,. Comparative Study of the Stories of Gifted and Creative Children in C.A.T Test . Am Sci 2021;17(5):66-73]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas170521.08.

Keywords: Creative Child, Gifted Child, Children's Apperception Test(C.A.T)

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Yield and Quality of Egyptian Clover and Ryegrass Mixtures under Nitrogen Levels and Bio-Fertilizer

Magda N. Rajab, Walaa M. E. Mousa and A.M.A. Abd El-Monem

Forage Crops Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.

walaaelnabawy@gmail.com

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during the two successive winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 to investigate the potentialities of mixing Egyptian clover with Ryegrass under nitrogen levels and bio-fertilizer treatments and their combination to increase forage yield and quality at Sids Agricultural Research Station, (ARC), Egypt. The experimental design was a split block with three replicates, main plots included the combination of four mixing ratios (Egyptian clover alone, 75% Egyptian clover: 25% Ryegrass, 50% Egyptian clover: 50% Ryegrass and Ryegrass alone), whereas the five nitrogen levels and bio-fertilizer were arranged horizontally (20 Kg N fed^-1 (control), 40 Kg N fed^-1, 60 Kg N fed^-1, 20 Kg N fed^-1 with bio-fertilizer and 40 Kg N fed^-1with bio-fertilizer). Results showed that mixing system had significant effect on fresh and dry forage yield at the five cuts and at total fresh and dry forage yield. Maximum values of studied traits were obtained with mixing system (75% Egyptian clover: 25% Ryegrass). On the contrary, minimum values were recorded with Ryegrass alone. Nitrogen levels and bio-fertilizer indicated significant differences in fresh and dry forage yield at the five cuts and at total fresh and dry forage yield. The highest values were obtained by using (40 Kg N fed^-1 + bio-fertilizer followed by 60 Kg N fed^-1 and 40 Kg N fed^-1) as compared with the control (20 Kg N fed^-1). Regarding the effect of mixing ratios and nitrogen levels and bio-fertilizer interaction the obtained results indicated that best treatment was at 75% Egyptian clover: 25% Ryegrass mixture fertilized by 40 Kg N fed^-1 with bio-fertilizer in fresh and dry forage production. Chemical analysis of forage plants showed that the mixture of 75% Egyptian clover: 25% Ryegrass surpassed that of other treatments except Egyptian clover 100% for crude protein, ash and organic matter. The results also revealed that the highest record of DCP, and crude fiber was obtained by forage mixture of 75% Egyptian clover: 25% Ryegrass fertilized with 40 Kg N fed^-1 with bio-fertilizer. Such higher yield of these characters has secured a balanced ratio which is really needed for farm animals.

[Magda N. Rajab, Walaa M. E. Mousa and A.M.A. Abd El-Monem. Yield and Quality of Egyptian clover and Ryegrass Mixtures under Nitrogen Levels and Bio-Fertilizer Am Sci 2021;17(5):74-88]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 9.doi:10.7537/marsjas190521.09.

Keywords: Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexanderinum, L.), Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, L.), Mixtures, Bio- Fertilizer, Nitrogen fertilizer, Forage yield, Forage quality.

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