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Radiological and Laboratory Assessment of Children with Progressive Encephalopathy in Fayoum University Hospitals

Hadeer Mahmoud Gamal El Din Abdel Ghaffar¹, Eslam Rabie Abdel Aziz Abdel Bakky¹, Shahera Morsy El Shafaey², Ahmed Mohamed Magdy Mahmoud ³, Heba Ahmed El Awady¹

¹ Pediatrics Department Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.

²Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.

³Diagnostic and Inteventinal Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.

Email: era11@fayoum.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Progressive neurological disease in children poses an important challenge to health systems in terms of diagnosis and management. Progressive Encephalopathy is often used interchangeably with neurodegenerative encephalopathy. Both terms lack a firm definition, but PE is preferred because it encompasses clinically progressive conditions without demonstrable neuronal loss as well as those with a demonstrable loss of neural tissue. They are often detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the value of different radiological and laboratory studies as diagnostic tools for different etiologies of progressive encephalopathy (PE) and to investigate the relation between them. The study also aimed to illustrate the prevalence of different etiologies of PE among outpatient clinic attendants. Methods: Our study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. It included 79 patients aged between 3 months old up to 12 years old who sought medical advice at Neuropediatrics Clinic, Fayoum University Hospitals. They presented with progressive alteration of mental status with/without motor affection during a period of 18 months from December 2016 till June 2018. Results: Out of 79 cases showing manifestation of Progressive Encephalopathy: A-15 cases (19%) were diagnosed as Neurocutaneous diseases: 3 cases as SWS (3.8%), 6 cases as NF 1(7.6%) and 6 cases as TS (7.6%). B-Inherited metabolic diseases represented 55 cases (70%). fourteen cases were diagnosed as mitochondrial diseases (17.7%) and white matter diseases in 7 cases (8.9%) ( 1 case of Van der knapp, 2 cases of canavan disease, 2 cases of metachromatic leukodystrophy,1 case of krabbe and 1 case of adrenoleukodystrophy). Sixteen cases were diagnosed as storage diseases (20.2%): 3 cases as Wilson disease (3.7%),5 cases as Gaucher disease (6.4%), 4 cases as NP (5%) and 4 cases as Taysachhs disease (5%). Three cases were diagnosed as urea cycle disorders (3.7%). Five cases were diagnosed as Glutaricacidurea (6.4%) and 5 cases as PKU (6.4%). The study showed 2 cases of maple syrup (2.5%),1 case of propionic academia, 1 case of lysinuric protein intolerance and 1 case of Biotinidase enzyme deficiency (1.25% each). C- Epileptic syndromes were 4 cases (5%) (2 cases of Dravet syndrome and 2 cases of West syndrome). Five cases were undiagnosed and need molecular testing. The most common cause of PE was inherited metabolic diseases (70%) while mitochondrial diseases represented 17.7% of all cases. White matter diseases accounted for 8.9% of cases. Gaucher disease, Gluraticacidurea and PKU were present in 6.4% each. Neurocutaneous disorders accounted for 19%. The early age of presentation strokes alarms for Inherited Metabolic diseases as Neurometabolic and urea cycle diseases (17/18 cases of this group were diagnosed before 2 years of age and 7/18 cases were diagnosed during neonatal period), Mitochondial diseases (100% of cases during infancy), white matter diseases (5/7 cases diagnosed during infancy except for van der knapp and adrenoleukodystrophy. The late age of manifestations rise susceptibility of Neurocutaneous disorders and Wilson disease as well. Gaucher disease can be diagnosed at any age. Conclusion: Careful Examination is very important in all cases of PE. Imaging studies can be the next step to confirm diagnosis in case of neurocutaneous syndromes. Neurometabolic diseases can be diagnosed by laboratory and enzyme assay. Neonatal screening programs can spare time and effort. Molecular diagnosis can be a helpful diagnostic tool in case of doubtful or undiagnosed. MRS is helpful for diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases as well as Canavan disease. Epileptic syndromes can be diagnosed clinically together with EEG (west syndrome) and by molecular diagnosis. Undaignosed cases need molecular testing for diagnosis.

[Hadeer Mahmoud Gamal El Din Abdel Ghaffar, Eslam Rabie Abdel Aziz Abdel Bakky, Shahera Morsy El Shafaey, Ahmed Mohamed Magdy Mahmoud, Heba Ahmed El Awady. Radiological and Laboratory Assessment of Children with Progressive Encephalopathy in Fayoum University Hospitals. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):1-14]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.01.

Keywords: Progressive Encephalopathy (PE), Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (MRS)

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Taxonomic revision of Subgenus Pyganthophora Brooks (Hymenoptera–Apidae) of Egypt

Rawda M. Badawy¹, Mohamed A. Shebl², Hatem M. Mahfouz³, Mohamed N.EL-Bassiony³, Marwa M. Ismael³.

¹Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia,41522, Egypt ³Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, Egypt

rbadawi90@hotmail.com

Abstract: Fifteen Anthophora species belonging to Subgenus Pyganthophora Brooks are revised taxonomically. Specimens are collected from different localities of Egypt, the five main Egyptian Collections are examined. Genitalia are desiccated, keys, diagnostic characters, synonyms, distribution, line drawing illustrations and photographic coloured pictures are added. A. arabica Priesner become synonym to A. pauperata Walker. After examination the genitalia of the collected specimens, it was found that A. Scopipes Spinola, are completely different from this subgenus. A. Salwae Rawda and A. salamica Rawda are re-described.

[Rawda M. Badawy, Mohamed A. Shebl, Hatem M. Mahfouz, Mohamed N.EL-Bassiony, Marwa M. Ismael. Taxonomic revision of Subgenus Pyganthophora Brooks (Hymenoptera–Apidae) of Egypt. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):15-23]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.02.

Key words: Anthophora, Solitary bees, digger bees, long tonged bees, identification keys, diagnostic characters, coloured pictures

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Effect of Resveratrol as an Antioxidant in the Treatment of Smokers Patients with Stage III Periodontitis

Malak Yousef Mohamed Shoukheba¹, Soheir Elsayed Elkholy²

Assistant Prof. of Periodontology, Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Faculty of Dentistry Tanta University, Lecturer of Periodontology, Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Faculty of Dentistry Tanta University

Abstract:: Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of resveratrol gel in the treatment of periodontitis in smokers patients. Material and Methods: Fifteen smoker patients with ages ranging from 31–50 years, suffering from stage III periodontitis were included in the study. Using a split-mouth design, sites were randomly allocated into two groups; the Control group (Group I) received only subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) + placebo gel. Test sites (Group II) received locally delivered resveratrol gel in all sites with probing depth ≥ 5 mm after SRP. Gels application was repeated at 7, 14 and 21 days. Clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid samples for evaluation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months’ evaluation periods. Results: Results showed a statistically significant decrease in PI and BI from baseline to 6 months in both groups compared to their baseline value P<0.05. Control group showed a statistically significant decrease in PPD and CAL up to 3 months only followed by an increase in their mean scores reaching the baseline value while test group showed significant decrease up to 3 months followed by a slight increase at 6 months but still statistically significant reduction compared to the baseline values P<0.05. SOD levels were significantly improved in test sites when compared with control sites. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the potential benefits of resveratrol, as an adjunctive treatment to SRP.

[Malak Yousef Mohamed Shoukheba, Soheir Elsayed Elkholy. Effect of Resveratrol as an Antioxidant in the Treatment of Smokers Patients with Stage III Periodontitis. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):24-30]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.03.

Keywords: Resveratrol; oxidative stress,; superoxide dismutase

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Role of Vitamin D as a Predictive Marker of Depression in Pediatrics Chronic Liver Diseases

Al Rawhaa A. Abo Amer MD¹, Ola G. Behairy MD¹, Amira I. Mansour MD², Karim I. Mohamed MSC¹

¹Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

²Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Generally, chronic liver disease (CLD) is a disorder procedure that leads to sever devastation and redevelopment of the liver parenchyma causing cirrhosis and fibrosis. Patients suffering from chronic liver diseases (CLD) frequently complaining from depression deficiency and in vitamin D. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in brain, and recently by meta-analysis it is established that depression has been inversely concomitant with vitamin D. Aim of the study: was to examine the relationship amide vitamin D status and depressive symptomsamong children with chronic liver diseases. Subject and Methods: Eighty children were participated in this investigation and classified randomly into 2groups: patients group (60 patients) and healthy control group (20 children). The children Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess depression. All patients have been analyzed for their clinical, biochemical features, histological profile and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured. Results: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D serum level was significantly lower in patient with CLD than healthy control group. Depression score was elevated significantly in the hepatic group versus control group patients. There were significant negative association amide 25-OH-vitamin D and ALT, AST, FI and HAI. There was statistical significant negative correlation between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and depression score (r = -0.286 & P value = 0.027). There were statistically significant positive correlation between degree of depression score and (ALT, AST, FI and HAI). Conclusion: It is a novel work performed on Egyptian children suffering from chronic liver diseases (CLD) to evaluate role of vitamin D as a predictive marker of depression in pediatrics CLD. Our study showed that vitamin D levels correlated with CDI scores in children with CLD. This finding represents the first step to prove the pivotal role of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a marker of depression in CLD, which requires to be confirmed by many future investigations purposed for assessing 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in depressed children suffering from CLD.

[Al Rawhaa A. Abo Amer, Ola G. Behairy, Amira I. Mansour, Karim I. Mohamed. Role of Vitamin D as a Predictive Marker of Depression in Pediatrics Chronic Liver Diseases. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):31-38]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.04.

Keywords: children depression inventory; chronic liver diseases; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D.

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Audio-vestibular Evaluation of Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abd Elnabi, H.H. ¹, Abo-Elhana, N.M. ¹, Emara, A.A. ², Abdel-Hayi, E.G. ¹

¹ Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.

²Audiology Unit, otolaryngology head and neck surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt. hend.abdelnabi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) cause malfunction of multiple organs, including auditory and vestibular systems. Although the etiology is not definitely described, multiple factors have been proposed. Objectives: Assessing the audio-vestibular system of Egyptian children with CKD and on regular HD. Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted upon 100 children divided into: Group 1 (30 CKD patients), group 2 (20 patients with CKD on regular HD), group 3 (20 patients with CKD evaluated at initial HD and 6 months later) and group 4 (30 healthy children as controls). Standard and high-frequency pure tone audiometry (PTA), otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and combined vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (com-VEMPs) done for all subjects. Results: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) found in 29%, 36% and 11% of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. High frequency PTA showed reduced detectability and higher thresholds at higher frequencies than controls with increased number of patients having SNHL after HD (group 2, 3) with statistically significant correlation between PTA and duration of HD. OAEs and com-VEMPs tests showed abnormal results in CKD and HD patients with higher sensitivity than PTA. Conclusions: Both auditory and vestibular pathways are affected in children with CKD and on regular HD. High frequency PTA, OAEs and com-VEMPs should be done routinely in children with CKD regardless the disease stage and on early HD.

[Abd Elnabi, H.H., Abo-Elhana, N.M., Emara, A.A., Abdel-Hayi, E.G. Audio-vestibular Evaluation of Children with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):39-48]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.05.

Keywords: Audio-vestibular system, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, Egyptian children

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Contribution of nanotechnology and nanomaterials to the treatment of diabetic patients by aid of novel inventions

Inv. Dr. Shiva Najigivi, Dr. Seyedahmadreza Mirmotallebi, Dr. Alireza Najigivi

Rooyan Holding Group Research Center, Global Holding Group

dr.najigivi@rooyandarou.com

Abstract: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology are highly growing their significance in diabetic supplies and research nowadays. It is an area which included nanomaterials, nanosensors, and nanostructures as well as nanoparticle projects and also their usage in human’s health research. Particularly, nanotechnology helps to production of diabetic supplies, materials together with development of novel glucose and insulin injection devices as well as their measurement sensors by aid of nanomaterials. These materials mostly could be metal nanoparticles together with carbon nanostructures by nano dimension delivery mechanisms modalities which hold the potential to vividly recover excellence of life of diabetic patients. Nanscience and nanotechnology in diabetic research have facilitated and provided more truthful data for identifying diabetes mellitus. It is also worth mentioning that, nanotechnology has enhanced drug delivery likely addition of nanoscale components which normally increases glucose sensor feeling, temporal response, and also can be the main of sensors that ease incessant in glucose nursing. Furthermore, it is proposing novel nanoscale methods named closed-loop insulin delivery approaches which mechanically release insulin drug in reply to fluctuating blood glucose heights. Besides, the mixture of nanotechnology by medication has shaped a novel field of nanomedicine which could enhance human health level. It is worthwhile to mention that some of the applications of nanotechnology for treatment of diabetic patients can be the producing of diabetic supplies by nanotechnology. One of the most important diabetic’s instrument which could highly relief the life of patients these days could be nano diabetic shoes which will describes here. In this research, applications of nanoscience and nanotechnology in treating diabetic patients were discussed.

[Dr. Najigivi S, Dr. Mirmotallebi S, Dr. Najigivi A. Contribution of nanotechnology and nanomaterials to the treatment of diabetic patients by aid of novel inventions. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):49-58]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.06.

Keywords: Nanospheres; diabetes mellitus; nanomedicine, nanotechnology, diabetic shoes

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Synthesis of Piperidine and p-Choloroaniline Mannich bases and Investigation of their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial properties

Ganiyat K. Oloyede ^*, Abiodun Q. Onisade

Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

oloyedegk@gmail.com

Abstract: This research was aimed at synthesizing Mannich bases of piperidine and p-chloroaniline derivatives and investigating their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities since report has it that Mannich bases possessing electron withdrawing group show good anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-tumor properties. The synthesized compounds were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Infra red (IR) and Ultra/Violet-Visible (UV-V) spectroscopy. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and Agar Well diffusion methods were used for the antioxidant and antimicrobial screening respectively. Eight Mannich bases namely N,3-diphenyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propanamide (MB1), 3-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-triphenylpropan-1-one (MB2), 2-((3-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-3-phenylpropanoyl)oxy)benzoic acid (MB3), 3-(((4-chlorophenyl)amino) (phenyl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one (MB4), 3-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylpropan-1-one (MB5), 3-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-N,3-diphenylpropanamide (MB6), benzoic 2-((4-chlorophenylamino)methyl)benzoic peroxyanhydride (MB7) and 3-(4-chlorophenylamino)-1,3-diphenylpropan-1-one (MB8) were synthesized. NMR confirmed the presence of the N-H aromatic stretch, in the range δ 4.00. IR also confirmed the presence of C=O, O-H and N-H typical of the Mannich bases. The Ultra/Violet-Visible absorption spectra for the synthesized compounds revealed that the compounds are aromatic. In vitro antioxidant screening of the compounds by DPPH free radical scavenging method showed that the compounds possessed significant antioxidant activity when compared with standards vitamin C, and butylatedhydroxylanisole (BHA). MB3 (73.56%, 71.17%), MB4 (78.83%, 75.25%), MB5 (73.06%, 70.58%), MB6 (74.55%, 72.47%) and MB8 (78.73%, 74.65%) showed significant inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL respectively. MB1, MB2 and MB3 shows potent antimicrobial activity while MB4 – MB8 showed moderate activity, against bacterial and fungal strains when compared with the standards, Gentamicin and Tioconazole for bacteria and fungi respectively. This research work has therefore provided information about the spectroscopic properties, anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of new Mannich bases.

[Ganiyat K. Oloyede, Abiodun Q. Onisade. Synthesis of Piperidine and p-Choloroaniline Mannich bases and Investigation of their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial properties. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):59-70]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.07.

Keywords: Mannich bases, piperidine, p-Choloroaniline, antimicrobial, antioxidant

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Post-cardiotomy exploration for bleeding, when and where but what if ‘negative exploration’ encountered

Hysam Abdelmohty¹; Wael Abdelaziz² and Mohamed Adel Elanwar³

¹Lecturer of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Mansoura University, Egypt.

²Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Mansoura University, Egypt.

³Lecturer of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Cairo University, Egypt.

Phone: +201060222002; Fax: +20502202834; E-mail: hysam.mohty@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: It is greatly disappointing to just finish a lengthy open-heart surgery then find out surgical exploration is necessary after few hours because of continuous blood loss. It is significantly pivotal to understand the causes behind post-cardiotomy bleeding as well as current measures to control bleeding. Methods: Through single year interval, all patients who had open-heart operation were included. Our techniques were unified in all patients regarding heparinization and protamine policy. All patients were closed similarly and we used prophylactic moderate PEEP with gentle suction on chest drains during ICU stay. Results: A 341 patients underwent resternotomy for bleeding, accounting for 7.03% of the total open-heart operations. The mean time to resternotomy was shorter in the ICU group (10.2 Vs 14.3 hours) but it was not significant (p = 0.410). The ICU group had a significantly higher rate of cardiac tamponade before resternotomy (52.5% Vs 9.8%, p < 0.0001) and had a higher incidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before resternotomy (44.4% Vs 16.5%, p < 0.0001). The mean operative time for bleeding control was shorter significantly in the ICU group (105.8 vs 144.3 min, p < 0.001). No significant statistical difference was found in chest tube drainage for 24 hours after resternotomy (p = 0.669) Conclusion: Unified surgical plan is used for all cardiac surgery cases aiming to decrease reopening for bleeding. The medical reasons should be investigated and targeted then exploration if needed to correct any surgical causes. The negative exploration is beneficial and needed even if we don’t seem to agree upon.

[Hysam Abdelmohty; Wael Abdelazizand Mohamed Adel Elanwar. Post-cardiotomy exploration for bleeding, when and where but what if ‘negative exploration’ encountered. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):71-77]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.08.

Keywords: bleeding, exploration, tamponade, cardiotomy, sternotomy, loss.

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Exploring the Relationship between Customer Experience and Strategic Management New Approach in Alignment with Saudi Arabia Vision 2030

Mishal Ibrahim Alminqash

General project supervisor Department - costumer experience - STC.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between customer experience and strategic management, as a new approach in alignment with Saudi Arabia Vision 2030. Customer experience (CX) and opinions play an important role in achieving competitive advantage over other competitors which should be observed and analyzed continuously The valuable theoretical finding of this research is to use key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring external and internal customers experience when applying Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and take in consideration the important combination between both external and internal customers’ experience when utilizing Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in order to help keep an appropriate organizational strategy.

[Mishal Ibrahim Alminqash. Exploring the Relationship between Customer Experience and Strategic Management New Approach in Alignment with Saudi Arabia Vision 2030. J Am Sci 2020;16(5):78-86]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.09.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 - Balanced Scorecard (BSC)- customer experience (CX)- key performance indicators (KPIs)- SWOT analysis.

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An Audit on Gynecological Surgeries in AL-Zahraa University Hospital during the period of (2018-2019)

Asmaa Fathelbab, Magdy Olama, Basma Freah Mohamed Basheer.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls - Al-Azhar University

Corresponding author: Basma Freah Mohamed Basheer, Mobile:01095108391

Email: dr.basmabasheer1988@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Surgical audit is an important strategy in maintaining standards in surgical care at the clinical level. Surgical audit is a systematic, critical analysis of the quality of surgical care that is reviewed by peers against explicit criteria or recognized standards, and then used to further inform and improve surgical practice with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of care for patients. Objective: This study is aimed to determine the rate of all gynecological procedures performed in Al Zahraa University Hospital during the period from the beginning of January 2018 to the end of December 2019, common gynecological procedures, and their indications, cadre of surgeons and complications of these procedures. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all gynecological surgeries performed in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Al-Zahraa University Hospital in 2018-2019. This study was conducted in the Department of obstetrics and gynecology in Al-Zahraa University Hospital in span of two years (from 1 January,2018, to 31 December, 2019). Records from history sheets and files of the patients admitted for gynecological operations were collected. 472 Medical records were enrolled in the study. Information was gathered regarding age, parity, clinical features (presenting complaints), and preoperative diagnosis / indications of operations, type of operations, qualification of surgeon and assistant, intra and postoperative complications. There were no exclusion criteria. Results: Hysterectomy was the commonest gynecological surgery performed during the period of the study (26.9%,29.2%) in 2018 & 2019 respectively followed by D & C (19.7%,15.5%), genital prolapsed surgeries (5.8%,9.5%), Laparoscopy (14.4%, 17.0%), vulvar operations (6.7%,4.2%), ovarian operations (7.2%,3.8%), myomectomy (3.4%,3.4%), removal of missed IUCD (4.3%, 2.7%), combined diagnostic laparoscopy & hystroscopy (3.4%,3.8%) hysteroscopic D & C (2.4%,3.4%). Least common surgeries performed in our audit include vaginal operations (0.5%, 2.3%), Hymentomy (1.4%,1.1%), salpingectomy (0.5%,1.9%), secondary suturing of a wound (1.4%,1.5%), exploration (1.4%,0.4%) and finally intrauterine cauterization (0.5%,0,4%). Conclusion: This study recorded the rate of all gynaecological operations reported at El Zahraa University Hospital during the period from the beginning of January 2018 To the end of December 2019, their indications, complications and cadre of surgeons performing them.

[Asmaa Fathelbab, Magdy Olama, Basma Freah Mohamed Basheer. An Audit on Gynecological Surgeries in AL-Zahraa University Hospital during the period of (2018-2019). J Am Sci 2020;16(5):87-94]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas160520.10.

Keywords: Audit, Gynaecological Surgeries.

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