No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

Economically attractive high strength steel bars using single microaddition of titanium or vanadium

Hussam El Desouky^1,2, Hisham A. Aboeldahab^1,3

¹Chemistry Department, University of Umm Al-Qura, Makka, KSA

²Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Helwan, Helwan, Egypt

³Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt

Email: eldesouky4@gmail.com, hdahab-41@hotmail.com

Abstract: In this study, single microaddition of either titanium or vanadium was investigated to study its effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of hot deformed steels. Comparing with non-microalloyed steels, increments of up to 428 and 392 M Pa in the yield and ultimate tensile strengths can be attained by using either V- or Ti-microalloying technique. Microaddition flow carbon steel (0.23% C) with 0.2% Ti is effective to obtain steel with yield and ultimate tensile strengths of 637 and 733M Pa, respectively. Whereas microaddition of 0.2% Vintosteel with higher C-content (0.32%C) results in higher yield and ultimate tensile strengths of 799 and 957M Pa, respectively. These high strength levels are accompanied with good elongation of 18–22%. The strengthening effect of V-or Ti-microadditions is due to grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. V-microalloyed steel exhibits higher precipitation strengthening, whereas Ti-microalloyed steel exerts greater grain refinement effect. Vanadium-or titanium-microalloyed steel can be substituted for commonly used carbon steel in the production of high strength reinforcing steel bars. It is evident that the substitution is economically attractive for both the producer and user. However, producing Ti-microalloyed steel bars seems to be more profit than V-microalloyed steel bars for the steelmaker.

[Hussam El Desouky, Hisham A. Aboeldahab. Economically attractive high strength steel bars using single microaddition of titanium or vanadium. J Am Sci 2019;15(7):1-11]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.01.

Keyword: Microalloyed steels, vanadium microaddition, titanium microaddition, strength, ductility, grain refinement, precipitation strengthening

Full Text

1

2

Effect of Early Weaning on Infant Development

Aya A Abouhegazy, Ali M El Shafie, Dalia Mounir Allahony and Zein A Omar.

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

E mail: ayahegazy8881@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: Compare the developmental status in Programmed and Non Programmed Early and Late Weaning among Infants in Menoufia Governorate. Background: Optimal infant feeding practices rank among the most effective interventions to improve child health. Breast-feeding is the most natural and safe way to feed an infant, Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential to ensure the growth, health and development of children to their full potential. Weaning means introduction of complementary foods to the diet of the infant. It is a critical nutritional stage in an infant’s life and the optimal age for this has been much debated. Methods: Prospective observational study in clinics of Menoufia university hospital.150 healthy infants had normal development till the age of four months according to Baroda Development Screening Test For Infants were classified to 3 groups, group I 50 infants, started weaning early after 4 months of age on a recommended weaning program from Pediatric Department, Faculty Of Medicine Menoufia University, group II 50 infants started weaning early after 4 months of age according to family knowledge, group III 50 infants with late weaning after 6 months of age (exclusive breast fed till the age of 6 months) according to family knowledge, then three groups were compared regarding the developmental status according to Baroda Development Screening Test For Infants and Developmental Quotients were calculated for all infants. Results: there was no significant difference between three groups regarding demographic data. Regarding the motor and mental developmental scores using Baroda Development Screening Test, group I recorded the highest development scores among the three groups and that were of significant difference from the group II (p-value <0.001) and from group III (p-value <0.001) And also group II recorded higher scores than group III which were of significant difference (p-value <0.05). Regarding Developmental Quotients group I recorded the highest percentage of the developmental quotient (DQ) which was significantly different from group II (P-value<0.001) and group III (p-value<0.001). Group II recorded higher percentage of the developmental quotient (DQ) than group III and was of significant difference (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: Developmental milestones of the studied infants who started weaning early after the age of four months, according to recommended nutritional program from Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University or according to family knowledge were better than that of infants who started weaning late after the age of six months.

[Aya A Abouhegazy, Ali M El Shafie, Dalia Mounir Allahony and Zein A Omar. Effect of Early Weaning on Infant Development. J Am Sci 2019;15(7):12-22]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.02.

Key words: weaning infants, development, scores.

Full Text

2

3

Immunohistochemical study of the expression of OCT4 and SOX2 in non-neoplastic, and neoplastic colorectal tumors.

Rania Elsayed Wasfy M.D., and Basma Saed Amer. M.D.

Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

wasfyr@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest malignancies worldwide and it is considered the second cause of cancer deaths in the western countries. OCT4 gene, found the earliest and a very important key gene in embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation potential, together with SOX2 and Nanog, also as markers of stem cells. SOX2 expression has been linked with a stem cell state in many human tumors such as, ovarian, cervical, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and breast carcinoma, but so far this has not been studied in CRC. SOX2 expression was associated with poorly differentiated tumors (high grade) in different cancers. Aim: Compare between expression of OCT4 and SOX2 with non-neoplastic and neoplastic colorectal lesions. Correlate their expression with clinicopathological parameters. Results: there was a significant relation between sox2 expression with development of neoplasia and malignancy in colorectal lesions. A significant relation was found also between Sox2 expression and tumor size and stage. OCT4 expression was associated with high tumor grade, size and stage of malignant tumors. OCT4 expression on the other hand, has no significant relation with development of malignancy. Conclusion: SOX2 is a reliable marker for prediction of progression of malignancy in colorectal lesions unlike OCT4 which can’t be used alone in predicting development of malignancy. The combination of the two markers is useful in predicting progression of colorectal carcinoma.

[Rania Elsayed Wasfy, and Basma Saed Amer. Immunohistochemical study of the expression of OCT4 and SOX2 in non-neoplastic, and neoplastic colorectal tumors. J Am Sci 2019;15(7):23-29]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.03.

Key words: OCT4, SOX2, colorectal cancer

Full Text

3

4

Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is It a Hidden Clue for Perioperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?

Mohammed A. Agha^1,2, Mohammed A. El-Hag-Aly³, Mohamed G. Hagag³, Amal G. Safan⁴, Heba K. Allam⁵

¹Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

²Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

.³Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

.⁴Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

⁵Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

e-mail;drmohammedagha@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is a common preoperative finding, sharing same demographics in patients with ischemic heart disease. Moreover, patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) usually present with perioperative pulmonary complications but there is always a mysterious relationship between both. Purpose: We aimedto detect the relationship between preoperative OSA and peri-operative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing CABG. Patients and Methods: All patients enrolled in the study underwent CABG. They were allocated in two groups: control group including 21 patients without OSA and OSA group including 24 patients with preoperative OSA. Pulmonary complications for each patient were recorded when occurred and reported for analysis. Results: One of most remarkable significant finding was the peri-operative hypoxemia which occurred in 14 (58.3%) patients in OSA group, while it was detected in 2 (9.2%) patients in control group. We also got significant duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) with mean of 14.75±9.14 hours in OSA group, while it was 6.24±0.54 hours in control group with consequent increase in intensive care unit (ICU) and whole hospital stay. We got significant positive correlations regarding OSA parameters as AHI, OD/h, degree of ESS and SaO₂< 90% of total sleep time (TST) with the duration of MV, ICU and hospital stay. Conclusions: OSA is a risk factor for developing peri-operative pulmonary complications associated with CABG and consequently prolongs the duration of intensive care unit and hospital stay.

[Mohammed A. Agha, Mohammed A. El-Hag-Aly, Mohamed G. Hagag, Amal G. Safan, Heba K. Alla. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is It a Hidden Clue for Perioperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting? J Am Sci2019;15(7):30-39]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.4. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.04.

Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea, Coronary artery bypass, Perioperative complications.

Full Text

4

5

Stresses Induced on Anterior Teeth During Retraction by Two Different Space Closure Mechanics Using Skeletal Anchorage Devices (FEM Study).

Ahmed Othman¹, Kareem M Mohamed ², Constantin von See ³, Wael M. Refai⁴

¹Digital orthodontist in Danube Private university-Austria.²Lecturer of Orthodontics in Minia University-Egypt³Head of digital dentistry and CAD/CAM in Danube Private University (DPU)- Austria⁴Head of Orthodontic department in Minia University- Egypt

kemosuns@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: The stresses resulted from force application during different methods of anterior teeth retraction using skeletal anchorage is not fully informative in the literature regarding the preference retraction method. Aim: The purpose of this study was to measure the stresses loaded on the teeth during different orthodontic retraction methods depending on skeletal anchorage system using the finite element method (FEM) for stresses calculation. Materials and methods: Geometric models for maxillary buccal segments were created by Cone-beam computed tomography scanning which includes, the first permanent central and lateral incisors and canine. Two 3D finite element models for simulation of two different retraction methods (en-masse retraction method and two- step retraction method) were constructed. These models were then meshed and analysed (Solidworks 2015, Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France). Both retraction methods were simulated by applying the forces using mini-implant as a temporary skeletal anchorage mechanics. The software was used to compare the stresses loaded on the alveolar bone, periodontium, crown, and root during anterior teeth retraction. Results: The results have shown that, stresses produced from both anterior teeth retraction methods were non-significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Stresses produced from en-masse retraction were concentrated mainly at the area of canine. There was no significant difference between the stresses produced from the two methods of retraction.

[Ahmed Othman, Kareem M Mohamed, Constantin von See, Wael M. Refa. Stresses Induced on Anterior Teeth During Retraction by Two Different Space Closure Mechanics Using Skeletal Anchorage Devices (FEM Study).  J Am Sci 2019;15(7):40-47]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.05.

Keywords: Computer simulation, Finite element analysis, Orthodontic stresses, en-masse retraction

Full Text

5

6

Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Transplantation Generates Oocytes in Rat Model of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Mohamed M. Saleh, Amany M. El Shawarby, Manal S. Hafez and Hany K. Mostafa^.

Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

mohammedsanyor@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Early menopause occurs in female cancer patient after chemotherapy. Amniotic fluid stem cells transplantation has been linked to the return of ovarian function. Aim of work: Was to investigate whether intravenously delivered human amniotic fluid stem cells (HAFSCs) could restore the structure and function of ovaries in a model of premature ovarian failure (POF) in rat. Material and methods: Forty five adult albino rats weighting 300-350 grams were used in this study. The animals were divided into the following groups group Ι (control group), group ΙI this group was divided into 2 subgroups in which the animals received single intraperitoneal injection of 70 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, the animals were sacrificed after one week (subgroup IIA), and after two weeks (subgroup IIB). In group III the rats received the same dose of cyclophosphamide and one week later they received single dose of HAFSCs, two weeks later the animals were sacrificed. The ovaries were processed for histological and immunohistochemical study. Moreover, hormonal assay, morphometric and statistical study were done. Results: In subgroup IIA significant increase in the number of ovarian cysts was detected while the number of growing follicle and corpora lutea showed significant decrease. In subgroup IIB nearly all ovarian follicles were atretic with absence of corpora lutea. Sever inflammatory cellular infiltration of ovarian parenchyma with ovarian fibrosis could be seen. These results were associated with significant decrease in estradiol level compared to group I & III. Ovarian surface epithelium of this group revealed negative immunoreaction for CD105. In group III the ovaries regained their normal histological structure with presence of growing follicles, mature Graafian follicle and recent corpus luteum. These results were associated with positive CD105 immunoreactivity in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), epithelial cyst and interstitium with significant increase in estradiol level. Conclusion: Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells injection (HAFSCs) could improve ovarian damage induced by cyclophosphamide treatment in rats. They could create good microenvironment for transformation of reserve stem cells into ovarian follicles.

[Mohamed M. Saleh, Amany M. El Shawarby, Manal S. Hafez and Hany K. Mostaf. Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Transplantation Generates Oocytes in Rat Model of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. J Am Sci 2019;15(7):48-60]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.06.

Keywords: Premature ovarian failure, Cyclophosphamide, Human amniotic fluid stem cells

Full Text

6

7

Big Data: Algorithmic Approaches to Topic Modelling Analysis for Social Media News Data

Bisallah H. I*, Olumide O*, Aminat A*

*Department of Computer Science, University of Abuja, Nigeria

hashim.bisallah@uniabuja.edu.ng

Abstract: Topic Modeling is a computational model that derives the latent theme from large collection of text data. In this paper we developed a topic model for Nigerian Newspapers social media news corpus to find the screened topics from the corpus. Topic modeling algorithms Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and three different machine learning approaches (Naive Bayes, K-NN and K-means) was implemented. The performance of topic modeling algorithms with machine learning approaches using the measures precision and recall was compared. Topic modeling algorithms with multiple topic distribution shows better for corpus in the social media data obtained.

 [Bisallah H. I, Olumide O, Aminat A. Big Data: Algorithmic Approaches to Topic Modelling Analysis for Social Media News Data. J Am Sci 2019;15(7):61-69]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.07.

Key words: Topic modelling, Latent Semantic Analysis, Naïve Bayes, K-NN, K-means, Social media, Latent Dirichlet Allocation.

Full Text

7

8

Assessment of Landscape Change on Settlement, Water and Landcover Resources in Rivers State, Nigeria

Samuel Aleruchi Emejuru (PhD)  and Moses Tonubari Bakpo (PhD)

School of Environmental Sciences, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P.M.B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

saemejuru@yahoo.com; Tel: +234 (0)7035772979

Abstract: Landscape change has become a major issue of concern in a fast growing global community where issues of space, water and food must be adequately addressed. This paper used satellite images of TM 1986, ETM 2008, ETM 216 and ETM 2018 for the study of landscape changes in Port Harcourt for four interval years. Supervised image classification through maximum likelihood classifier algorithm was used. The classified images were put into post-classification caparison analysis to identify the trajectory of land use/land cover changes through time. Four land use/land cover classes of farmland, settlement, swamp, water body, virgin forest and secondary forest were analyzed. Results revealed that between 1986 and 2016, settlement increased in size in the study area from 14.26 % to 56.90 %. Conversely, swamp and farmland recorded negative growths, whereas swamp decreased from 32.49 % to 5.73 %, farmland decreased from 30.68 % to 3.88 % within the same period. However, secondary forest showed a consistent positive growth from 10.66 % to 30.39 % throughout the study period (1986 to 2018). The study proposes a proper policy guidelines and implementation for sustainable land use as these could enhance maintenance of natural hydrological cycle and retention of land cover (forests) for ecosystem needs and services.

[Emejuru, S. A. and Bakpo, M. T. Assessment of Landscape Change on Settlement, Water and Land cover Resources in Rivers State, Nigeria. J Am Sci 2019;15(7):70-77]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.08.

Keywords: Virgin forests, secondary forests, landscape, post-classification, ecosystem

Full Text

8

9

Necessity of setting up the Geoscope in studying the geological hazards

 Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana, India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: Study of earthquakes in geological hazards is a key element. Many researches & studies have been conducted by me on the earthquakes to invent a device that should be used to study and predict the earthquakes and also solve the mysteries and other problems of the earth’s underground and designed an architecture named Geoscope in 1987 to keeping the entire earth’s underground to be under control of the geoscope with many revolutionary proposals. This is not what Buckminster had proposed in 1962. My Geoscope was designed to study the earth’s underground mysteries, explore the underground minerals and predict the geological hazards and consisting of revolutionary proposals just like attracting the sea waters to the underground areas of deserts through the layers by electro-ionization and attracting the vaporized sea waters to the desert plains through the sky by geo-magnetizing atmosphere when the weather is surrounded by water molecules during the trough of low pressure areas by constantly studying the underground. Let us study about the exploitation of earthquakes and the methods of studying earthquakes.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Necessity of setting up the Geoscope in studying the geological hazards. J Am Sci 2019;15(7):78-86]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.09.

Keywords: G.R. Irlapati’s Geoscope, earth quakes

Full Text

9

10

Resource Schedulle Of Concrete Fish Pond Construction Using Network Analysis

Akomolafe A. A.

Department of Statistics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria

akomolafeayotade@gmail.com

Abstract: In the construction of building, preparation of bid, maintenance and planning of oil refinery and preparation for agricultural activities, there is a need to know the completion days of the project without delay and the earliest time and the latest time for which each activity will take. It was based on this that we decide to analyze the construction of concrete fish pond using Network Analysis through the use of Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT). Sixty-four days was arrived at for the completion of the construction using CPM while sixty-eight days with 99% probability was arrived at using PERT method. In deciding which of the method is best suitable for the construction of the fish pond, PERT serve as the best method due to the fact that it considers the Pessimistic Time (longest time possible and can be seen as usual delay) and Optimistic Time (shortest time possible if things go perfectly) as well as the probability [which is 99%] of completing the task within a specific time. The result established some useful facts for researchers in this area as well as managers of industry in carrying out their study from the feasibility stage to the other stages so as to have a good practical target towards the completion of the project as planned.

[Akomolafe A. A. Resource Schedulle Of Concrete Fish Pond Construction Using Network Analysis. J Am Sci 2019;15(7):87-98]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas150719.10.

Keyword: Network Analysis, Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation Review Technique, Pessimistic Time, Optimistic Time and Probability

Full Text

10