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The Protective and Therapeutic Effect of Costus Specious on Some Liver Enzymes in Serum of Adult Male Rats that Treated with a Carbamazepine Drug

Dalal Awad Almuzaini, Hayat Ali Asmail and Haleema Yousef Alnahari

Physiology Department, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, KSA

daldal-8@hotmail.com

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of Costus Speciosus against Carbamazepine toxicity on some biochemical parameters of liver. The rats were given carbamaze pine with a dose of 200 mg / kg, and the extract of the Costus Speciosus with a dose of 200 mg / kg. The following parameters were measured in blood serum: Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) and Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH). Carbamazepine caused an increase in serum, AST and LDH enzymes, while the protective and therapeutic effect of Costus Speciosus reduced these parameters to a level near to their normal values.

[Dalal Awad Almuzaini, Hayat Ali Asmail and Haleema Yousef Alnahari. The Protective and Therapeutic Effect of Costus Specious on Some Liver Enzymes in Serum of Adult Male Rats that Treated with a Carbamazepine Drug. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):1-5]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.01.

Keywords: Carbamazepine, Costus Speciosus, Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH). Liver.

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The role of warm compression in lowering the intraocular pressure in various conditions-a pilot study

Hsieh-Ting Liu¹, Chi-Ting Horng ^2,*

¹ Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

² Department of Ophthalmology, Fooying University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.

^* Corresponding author: Chi-Ting Horng, MD, PhD.; E- mail: h56041@gmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: This research aimed to determine the effect warm effect and ocular massage on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and reliving associated symptoms. Methods: A total of 50 subjects, with mean 43.2 ± 17.5 years and higher IOP (>25 mmHg), were enrolled in this study. In Taiwan, people sometimes use certain plants as heating source. In our study, heat in warm compression was generated from silicon rubber, and ocular was performed using fingers. In experiment 1(N= 50; higher IOP in one eye), the different conditions (age, anterior chamber angle, and the existence of lens) of the patients were evaluated by the change in IOP after heating. In experiment 2 (N=50; higher IOP in both eyes), one eye receiving heating, whereas the other eyes were massaged for about 10 min. The difference in IOP change was then compared. In experiment 3, the subjective sensation of 50 volunteers was Results: The mean reduction of IOP (6-8 mmHg) after 10 min significant under all conditions, except for angle-closure glaucoma. In addition, ocular massage only decreased by 2-4 mmHg after 10 min. Moreover, decreased ocular pain and mood disorders in most patients were observed after therapy. Conclusion: This study is the first one to discuss the exact data on IOP lowering by warming and peri-ocular massage. IOP decreased significantly after heating and mildly reduced by massage in most subjects with higher IOP, consequently relieving ocular pain and psychological conditions. Therefore, warm compression with ocular massage may be beneficial to subjects with higher IOP and long-term near-distance workers.

[Hsieh-Ting Liu, Chi-Ting Horng. The role of warm compression in lowering the intraocular pressure in various conditions-a pilot study. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):6-13]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.02.

Keywords：eyelid warm, ocular massage, intraocular pressure

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Neurochemical alterations after exposure to malathion and neuroprotective potential of cerebrolysin as therapeutic agent against malathion toxicity in rats

Abd El-Hamid Mohamed Elwy¹, and Ghada Tabl²

¹ Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta City-Gharbia Governorate- Egypt

² Ph.D., Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta City-Gharbia Governorate- Egypt

Email. Elwyabdelhamid@gmail.com

Abstract: Malathion (MAL) is a neurotoxin organophosphate (OP) widely used as insecticide. Although, malathion is an organophosphate pesticide agent used in many fields of most countries, it leads to the toxicity at different degrees. Malathion has widespread use especially in developing countries, so it may increase the mortality rate which is a pertinent health problem. However, although, malathion is known as a pesticide, it is still used in medicine. In fact humans and other animals are exposed to low doses of malathion (MAL). Cerebrolysin (CBL) is a drug that possess neurotrophic factor like- activity and neuroprotective properties, as well as it has small brain-derived peptides analogous to those produced endogenously, which have the ability to cross through the blood-brain barrier. Aim: The present investigation has been conducted to verify the effect of cerebrolysin as a neuroprotective drug against malathion neurotoxicity in a mammalian experimental model. Main method: Wistar male rats were used in the present study with initial body weight 180 g, ranging from 180–220 g. All rats were individually housed in plastic cages with a photo cycle of a 12-hour/12-hour light/dark cycle. The Wistar male rats, were randomly divided into four groups (8-rats/group). 1- control group was administered normal saline orally via gastric tube, 2-Cerebrolysin treated group was daily administered intraperitoneally with 2.5 ml/kg 3- malathion treated group was administered orally 5 mg/ kg, daily for 28 days,. 4- malathion + cerebrolysin treated group, received cerebrolysin 2.5 ml/kg at the same time after malathion administration for 28 days. At the end of each experiment. Rats were sacrificed quickly with the least disturbance by fast decapitation, which may occur within a few minutes. Results. There was a significant decrease in the mean acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentrations. in malathion treated group. Whereas, data showed a significant increase in both mean concentrations of MDA and TNFα. The excitatory amino acids; glutamic acid showed a significant increase, while the inhibitory amino acids; g-amino- butyric acid (GABA) showed a significant decrease in their levels, as well as there was a significant decrease after oral administration of malathion in the dopamine levels. The alterations in these parameters accompanied malathion toxicity in rats showed improvement in their levels after therapeutic influence of cerebrolysin administration. This could suggest to be due to neurotrophic factor like- activity and neuroprotective properties of cerebrolysin. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that malathion toxicity caused oxidative stress to the brain cells (brain damage) indicated by an increases in both MDA and TNFα which may increase the mortality rate and considered as a pertinent health problem. As well as, after exposure to malathion, some general toxic observations were detected to some animals. Some rats showed noticeable behavioral neurotoxicological changes as excitation and disturbances of the locomotors activity. In summary, cerebolysin protected the exposed animals against neurotoxicity induced by malathion through the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine; TNFα. As well as, through the improvement in both dopamine levels and in mean acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration.

[Abd El-Hamid Mohamed Elwy, and Ghada Tabl. Neurochemical alterations after exposure to malathion and neuroprotective potential of cerebrolysin as therapeutic agent against malathion toxicity in rats. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):14-21]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.03.

Key words: Malathion, neurotransmitters, monoamine, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and cerebrolysin

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Experimental Investigation Different Factors on Performance of Cement during Well Completion

Hojjat Jahanfard¹, Seyed Reza Shadizadeh², Mohammad Ali Ahmadi^3*

¹⁾ Department of Petroleum Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN.

²⁾ Department of Petroleum Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, IRAN.

³⁾ Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, IRAN.

ahmadi6776@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the biggest challenges in petroleum upstream is well completion during well drilling operation due to cement thickening time, compressive strength and cement slurry rheology behavior. To tackle the addressed issue in well completion specifically in well cementing, rheology behavior and thickening time cement before injection into well annulus should be determined to design high performance well completion and production operation. To defeat this referred obstacle, current research implemented various experiments on one of northern Persian gulf oil field wells cement slurry. These experiments are condensed to ultrasonic cement analyzer, High Pressure – High Temperature consistometer, rheology and thickening test.

[Hojjat Jahanfard, Seyed Reza Shadizadeh, Mohammad Ali Ahmadi. Experimental Investigation Different Factors on Performance of Cement during Well Completion. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):22-26]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.04.

Keywords: Well Completion, Cement, Thickening Time, Cement Additive, Polymer

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Diagnostic Values of Some Non- Invasive Biomarkers in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Hepatitis C

Abousree Taha Ellethy

Department of Oral and Medical basic sciences, Biochemistry Division, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, KSA

lethy2009@qudent.org

Abstract: Liver biopsy is still a disturbing method subjected to spectator inconsistency for staging hepatic fibrosis. The study was conducted to evaluate procollagen III peptide, hyaluronic acid, and fibronectin as diagnostic biomarkers in hepatic fibrosis among HCV patients. Serum and/or plasma were collected from 38 patients with different grades of hepatic fibrosis, portal, portolobular fibrosis and cirrhosis were investigated. All patients with fibrotic liver had significantly higher levels of both procollagen III peptide and hyaluronic acid than healthy controls (n=16). Theses markers were higher in patients with hepatic fibrosis (n=22) than the remaining non fibrotic cases. Regarding fibronectin plasma levels, in significant difference was found between normal subjects and patients with grade 0, 1 or 2 fibrosis. Higher positive and negative predictive values for diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis were observed with hyaluronic acid (83% and 82%) respectively, while lower predictive values were observed with fibronectin (60% and 63%) respectively. The diagnostic value of serum hyaluronic acid is greater than both serum Procollagen III peptide and plasma fibronectin for different grades of lever fibrosis. Therefore, procollagen III peptides should be preferred as a non-invasive as a biomarker test for monitoring the early fibrotic process in HCV patients where fibronectin was detected only in the advanced cirrhostic cases.

[Ellethy A. T. Diagnostic Values of Some Non- Invasive Biomarkers in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Hepatitis C. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):27-34]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.05.

Keywords: Procollagen III – Fibronectin - hyaluronic acid - hepatitis C – Hepatic fibrosis.

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Innovative combinations and words in Akhavan’s poetry

Golnaz Mirsalari¹, Dr. Mohammad Behnamfar²

1Corresponding author, Master of Persian Language and Literature, University of Birjand 

²Associate Professor of Persian Language & Literature Dept,. University of Birjand

email: mbehnamfar@birjand.ac.ir

Abstract: Akhavan is one of the poets that his words’ domain spreads as Persian literature from third century up to the contemporary century. Akhavan never sensed the lack of words in expressing the meanings and his mental and created words and combinations whenever it was necessary creates words and brought them to Persian language that was just from his mind. In this article, we try to survey the words and combinations that were made by his mind. We consider all sets of his poems for this affair. The used words and combinations in Akhavan’s poetry show his dominance on all Persian words from the time of Khorasani style up to now. He used these words to create combinations and words and use them and the raw material of these combinations and words are the same as Persian origin words that not only is a valuable achievement for the contemporary poets in the field of creating words but also add them to Persian language treasure.

[Golnaz Mirsalari, Dr. Mohammad Behnamfar. Innovative combinations and words in Akhavan’s poetry. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):35-40]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.06.

Keywords: contemporary literature, structural criticism, poetry collection of Akhavan, combination and word

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Haematological and molecular characterization of sickle cell-β thalassemia in Dera Ismail Khan Division of Pakistan

^1§Jabbar KHAN, ²Nafees AHMED, ³Sami SIRAJ, ⁴Shahid Niaz KHAN, ¹Hamid SHAFIQ

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.

²Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan.

³Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.

⁴Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000 Pakistan.

E-mail: sjabbarkhan@yahoo.com, Phone No. +92-966-750273

Abstract: Sickle cell-β thalassemia (HbS-β thalassemia) is an inherited erythrocyte disorder affecting multiple organs. It results from compound heterozygosity for sickle cell trait and β thalassemia trait. As individuals are living well into middle age due to advances in diagnosis and treatment, further disease-related complications are being recognized. The present study was undertaken to determine the genetic factors responsible for hematological and molecular variability of HbS-β thalassemia patients in Dera Ismail Khan (D.I.Khan), Pakistan. The current study was observed to analyse both molecular and haematological characterization of HbS-β thalassemia patients using Hb electrophoresis and allele specific primers through polymerase chain reaction to determine both a and β-thalassemia, and restriction enzymes for characterization of g-globin gene arrangement. A total of fifteen HbS-β thalassemia cases with variable clinical manifestations were investigated. Ten patients showed milder clinical presentation against five patients who had severe clinical manifestations. Six β thalassemia mutations were identified: IVS 1-5 (G>C), codon 8/9 (+G), codon 30 (G>C), Cap+1 (A>G), -88 (C>T) and Cd 41/42 (-TCTT). Codon 30 (G>C) and -88 (C>T) mutations were found only in Pashtoon ethnic group while Cap+1 (A>G) mutation was observed only in Balochi ethnic group. HbS homozygous in Pashtoon ethnic group is being observed for the first time. α thalassemia and XmnI polymorphism in homozygous condition (+/+) were found to be common among the milder cases. The βS chromosomes were linked to the typical Arab-Indian subcontinent haplotype. Saudi haplotype is mostly associated with HbS and haplotype III is associated only with Pashtoon ethnic group. The phenotypic expression of HbS-β thalassemia is not uniformly mild and α thalassemia and XmnI polymorphism in homozygous condition (+/+) are additional genetic factors modulating the severity of the disease in the Pakistan.

[Jabbar KHAN, Nafees AHMED, Sami SIRAJ, Shahid Niaz KHAN, Hamid SHAFIQ. Haematological and molecular characterization of sickle cell-β thalassemia in Dera Ismail Khan Division of Pakistan. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):41-46]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.07.

Key words: HbS- β-thalassemia, Globin gene, Mutation, Haplotype, Polymorphism

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An Approach To Enhance Quality Of The Rad Model Using Agents

Fakeeha Fatima¹, Maryam Javed², Fatima Amjad^3, Usman Ghanni Khan⁴

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore ^1,4

Government College University for Women Sialkot, Pakistan ^2,3

¹fakeehafatima@gmail.com, ²j_maryum@yahoo.com, ³amjad.fatima34@yahoo.com, usmanghanikhan@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper acknowledges the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model as the finest model so far in the development industry. The RAD model requires minimal planning with a fast prototype generation approach with more customer satisfaction and less time consumption. But the way the world is moving with most complex and fast systems, we need more efficient and fast system-building models. Another pitfall of the RAD model that had led to our research is that it is fast but less quality-oriented; also, if developers and customers are not committed to the rapid-fire activities necessary to complete the system in a much abbreviated timeframe, RAD projects will fail. Our approach is to create an extension of the RAD model by changing its requirement-gathering procedures from manual ways to automated requirement gathering using agents, i.e., an entity that can perceive and act according to environments on its own. This technique tends to satisfy customers and by using agents try to make error prone, faster and non-dependable system which saves not only time but also increases quality and efficiency of model. In an automated system, we have used the environment of websites for agents to work on where various types of agents work collaboratively, such as template selection agents, menu bar agents, etc. By using this approach to extract requirements, the quality of the RAD model makes it even better, more efficient and less error prone. To do this, we replaced the manual techniques of requirement-gathering into automated prototyping approach using agents at various stages.

[Fatima F, Javed M, Amjad F^, Khan G U. An Approach To Enhance Quality Of The RAD Model Using Agents. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):47-55]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.08.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Goal Based Agents. Intelligent Agents, Joint Application Development, requirement gathering, RAD, Software process models, Software engineering

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Examining the relationship between tax avoidance and tax uncertainty in companies accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange

Asghar Asadi¹, Mehdi Noori², Mohsen Khajuee³

^1. Accounting Faculty of Firoozkooh Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

^2. Accounting Faculty of Firoozkooh Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

^3. Payam-e Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

mohsenkhajuee@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the most essential issues regarding the condition and the efficient execution of tax policies is to identify tax avoidance methods and the approaches to tax avoidance prevention. Tax avoidance phenomenon is accompanied with economical and social consequences and mutual effects. In this research, Tax uncertainty has been tested as the variable affecting tax avoidance. We used systematic method for homogeneity of population. For approve the hypothesis we used the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test. The results shows that as tax uncertainty increases tax avoidance increases, also this results approved in companies with high reserves.

[Asadi A, Noori M, Khajuee M. Examining the relationship between tax avoidance and tax uncertainty in companies accepted in Tehran’s stock exchange. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):56-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.09.

Keywords: Tax avoidance, Tax uncertainty, Tax reserves, R & D reserve

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Vaginal Fluid Creatinine versus Human Chorionic Gonadotropin for Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of Membranes.

Reham S. Mohamed*, Rashed M. Rashed**, Rabee A. Hassanein***, Abdel-Raouf Oun****, Sahar M. Abdel-Maksoud*****

*Ass. Consultant Ob/Gyn (Al-Zahraa University Hospital), ** Ass. Professor Ob/Gyn

(Damietta Faculty of Medicine),***Ass. Consultant Ob/Gyn (Al-Hussein University Hospital), ****Ass. Professor Ob/Gyn (Assiut Faculty of Medicine), *****Ass. Consultant Clinical Pathology (Al-Zahraa University Hospital), Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Abstract: This prospective case-control study was done to compare the reliability of vaginal fluid creatinine and quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin for diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes. Patients and Methods: The study included 150 pregnant women between 25-34 weeks of gestation attending Al-Azhar University Hospitals. They were divided into three groups: Group (I) consisted of 50 patients with positive history of vaginal leakage and positive fluid leakage observed using sterile Cusco speculum. Group (II) consisted of 50 patients with positive history of vaginal leakage and negative fluid leakage observed using sterile Cusco speculum. Group (III) consisted of 50 pregnant women without any complaint or complication. All patients underwent full history, general examination, abdominal examination and sterile Cusco speculum examination. The vagina was washed by injection with a syringe filled with 3ml of saline solution, and 3ml the washing fluid was collected from the posterior vaginal fornix. The collected fluid was sent immediately to the laboratory for measuring of vaginal fluid creatinine & quantitative HCG. Results: The study showed that there was no significant statistical difference between confirmed, suspected and control groups as regard maternal age, parity and gestational age. There was significant statistical difference between confirmed, suspected and control groups as regard amniotic fluid index. The number of patients with AFI≤ 9 cm was 32 patients in confirmed group, 17 patients in suspected group and 4 patients in the control group. On the other hand the patients with the AFI >9 cm was 18 patients in confirmed group, 33 patients in suspected group and 46 patients in the control group. Analysis of results using Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cutoff point for vaginal fluid creatinine among the studied groups in our study was 0.7 mg/dL with sensitivity, specificity, +ve predictive value, -ve predictive value and accuracy were all 100%. The number of patients who exceeded the cutoff point for vaginal fluid creatinine was 50 patients in confirmed group, 22 patients in suspected group and no patients in the control group. Analysis of results using ROC curve showed that the best cutoff point for vaginal fluid HCG among the studied groups in our study was 47.0 mIU/mL with sensitivity 94%, specificity 86%, +ve predictive value 93.1%, -ve predictive value 87.8% and accuracy 91.3%. The number of patients who exceeded the cutoff point for vaginal fluid HCG was 50 patients in confirmed group, 27 patients in suspected group and 8 patients in the control group. From the results of our study we could show that both vaginal fluid creatinine and HCG concentrations are good predictors of PROM but measurement of vaginal fluid creatinine is more reliable and less expensive than measurement of vaginal fluid HCG in diagnosing PROM.

[Reham S. Mohamed, Rashed M. Rashed, Rabee A. Hassanein, Abdel-Raouf Oun, Sahar M. Abdel-Maksoud. Vaginal Fluid Creatinine versus Human Chorionic Gonadotropin for Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of Membranes. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):60-66]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.10.

Key words: Vaginal Fluid Creatinine- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin- Premature Rupture of Membranes

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Usage of Palm Wastes Fiber in Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater

El Nadi, M. H. ¹ & ALi, N. ² & Ismail, S. ³ & Abdelmomen, M. M. ⁴

^1.  Professor of Sanitary & Environmental Eng., Faculty of Eng., ASU, Cairo, Egypt.

^2.  Associate Professor of Sanitary & Environmental Eng., Faculty of Eng., ASU, Cairo, Egypt.

^3.  Assistant Professor of Sanitary & Environmental Eng., Faculty of Eng., ASU, Cairo, Egypt.

^4.  M. Sc. of Sanitary & Environmental Eng., Faculty of Eng., ASU, Cairo, Egypt.

Mahmoud_abdelmomen@yahoo.com

Abstract: The problem of the environmental pollution is created by the continuous and accelerated disposal of wastes. One of the main contaminate is the industrial wastewater. Most of industrial wastewater contains high concentration of toxic heavy metals. In this study, the adsorption method using raw agricultural wastes (palm waste fiber) to remove heavy metals Zn+2 and Cr (VI) from industrial wastewater was made. The obtained removal ratios using palm waste fiber were 93.67%, 89.20% for Zn+2 and Cr (VI), respectively. The result showed that, the removal efficiency increased by increasing the adsorption contact time, and the flow rate were decreased. It also showed that, the removal efficiency for zinc better than Cr (VI) using palm waste fiber. The success of use the cheap adsorbent as adsorbent material from the agricultural waste in industrial wastewater treatment open the door for the existing factories to treat their wastewater with low cost that has no effect on their profits and prevent any punishment for environmental pollution.

[El Nadi, M. H., ALi, N, Ismail, S, Abdelmomen, M. M. Usage of Palm Wastes Fiber in Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):67-73]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.11.

Keywords: wastewater treatment, Industrial wastewater treatment, Removal of heavy metals, reuse of solid wastes (agricultural waste)

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Role of mixed Surfactants on the Oxidation of Malachite Green by Nitrite ions

Bamgbose, Janet Titilayo^*, Ede, Solomon Chukunedum, Bamigbade, Akeem Adesina, Abdullahi Ndzi Njah and Nkiko, Mojisola Olubunmi

Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Tel: +2348033353508; E-mail: titibam60@yahoo.com

Abstract: The oxidation of malachite green,  with nitrite ions in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Triton X-100 (TX-100), and their mixtures at 25^oC has been used as a probe for investigating the catalytic/inhibitive property of SDS/TX-100 mixed systems. The results showed that the composition of the mixed surfactants has quite significant influence on the rate constant of the oxidation reaction when compared with the reaction in the single surfactant system and the effect of SDS was found crucial. The results revealed 62-85% lower reactivity as the mole fraction increased. We also observed a higher pseudo-first order rate in aqueous solution than in the surfactants or their mixtures. A rapid decrease in the observed pseudo-first order rate constant was observed until saturation was reached in pure SDS indicating an overall inhibition. The kinetic mechanism of the micellar effects was probed and rationalized using existing Clint’s, Menger and Portnoy, Rubingh’s and Maeda’s theories for mixed micellar systems. Strong electrostatic attraction between the protonated species and the anionic surfactant aggregates was important in the reaction process.

[Bamgbose, Janet Titilayo, Ede, Solomon Chukunedum, Bamigbade, Akeem Adesina, Abdullahi Ndzi Njah and Nkiko, Mojisola Olubunmi. Role of mixed Surfactants on the Oxidation of Malachite Green by Nitrite ions. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):74-82]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.12.

Key words: malachite green, oxidation reaction, nitrite ions, kinetics, surfactant

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Synthesis, Spectroscopy and magnetic characterization of Cu (II) complexes with bis (o-ethyldithiocarbonato), alkylpyridine as ligands.

Md. Farhad Ali¹, Umme Habiba Bodrun Naher² and Md. Saidur Rahaman³

¹Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

²Lecturer, Dept. of Leather Product Engineering, Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

³Research student, Dept. American International University-Bangladesh.

Farhadali72@gmail.com

Abstract: The complexes of bis (o-ethyldithiocarbonato) cu (II) of general formula Cu (C₂HSOCS₂)₂(L)], [L=2-,3-,4 methylpyridines and 2-,3-,4 ethylpyridines] have been synthesized and characterized by chemical analysis, IR and electronic spectroscopy, magnetic conductivity measurement. Analytical results show that the complexes have 1:1 stoichiometry. the complexes were found to be paramagnetic and their magnetic moments at room temperature lie within the 1.81-1.94 B.M range and this indicates the presence of one unpaired electron. All the complexes have distorted square pyramidal geometry.

[Ali. FM, Bodrun Naher. UH, Rahaman. MS. Synthesis, Spectroscopy and magnetic characterization of Cu (II) complexes with bis (o-ethyldithiocarbonato), alkylpyridine as ligands. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):83-87]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.13.

Key words: bis (o-ethyldithiocarbonato), alkylpyridine, complexes of copper

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