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Validation of Moyer's Mixed Dentition Space Analysis In A Group of Saudi Population

Essa Abdullah Al-Ghamdi¹ and Adel Fathi Hussein²

¹Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia

²Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al Qura University

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the validation of Moyers dental arch analysis on a group of Saudi population. Study population and methodology: The present study included a sample of 50 dental models of Saudi subjects (30 male and 20 female). The mesio-distal width of the four mandibular permanent incisors, maxillary and mandibular canines and premolar teeth were measured. The measured values were compared with the predicted values of maxillary and mandibular canine and premolars obtained from the prediction table of Moyer at the level of 75%. Results: The results revealed the mean values of the sum of maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars obtained from Moyers charts were greater that those obtained from the study casts. Descriptive statistics shows a highly statistical significant difference for all subjects. In regard to the gender, no statistical significant difference between values from Moyer’s method and the study casts for males and females. Conclusion: The sample of Saudi population have smaller teeth than the sample population of Northern American descent when compared to Moyers prediction table. The currently popular prediction methods would not be as accurate when used in a Saudi population. Further studies with larger samples size are indicated to confirm these findings.

[Essa Abdullah Al-Ghamdi and Adel Fathi Hussein. Validation of Moyer's Mixed Dentition Space Analysis In A Group of Saudi Population. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):1-5]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.01.

Keywords: Validation; Moyer's Mixed Dentition Space Analysis; Group; Saudi Population

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【J Am Sci 2018;14(8):6-20】. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2.

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The efficacy and safety of Endovascular embolization for treatment of cervicofacial arteriovenous malformation in children

Ahmed Gaber Hassanein^1,2, Mohammed Hasan Osman³ and Fahd Nasser Al Qahtani⁴

¹Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.

²Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Baha University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

³Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt

⁴Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

E-mail: ahmedgaber_74@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: The arteriovenous malformations are uncommon in the maxillofacial region. Their management is complex and thus multidisciplinary approach gives the best outcomes. Endovascular techniques are considered the treatment of choice and are of­ten combined with the surgical resection of the lesion. The aim of this work is to present the outcome achieved with endovascular embolization in the treatment of large cervicofacial arteriovenous malformations in a group of selected patients. Patients and methods: children with arteriovenous malformations of the cervicofacial region were treated by endovascular embolization and were followed up clinically and radiologically to evaluate the outcome and detect the complications Results: This study included 8 patients with cervicofacial AVMs. They were 3 males and 5 females with age range from one month to 10 years. The presenting symptoms were cosmetic deformity in 7 cases, bleeding attacks in 5 cases, functional impairment in 4 cases in the form of chewing problems in two patients, breathing problem in one patient, and tinnitus in another one. pain was present in two cases. Their AVMs had different locations in the cervicofacial region. Six cases were treated in multiple staged embolization sessions while two patients were treated by a single session. The endovascular embolization caused the complete regression of the lesion in most cases with improvement of the cosmetic and functional problems in all cases. Conclusion: Endovascular embolization is safe and efficient treatment option for the management of cervicofacial AVMs in children and should be considered as priority choice for treatment.

[Ahmed Gaber Hassanein, Mohammed Hasan Osman and Fahd Nasser Al Qahtani. The efficacy and safety of Endovascular embolization for treatment of cervicofacial arteriovenous malformation in children. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):21-26]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.03.

Key words: Endovascular embolization, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), mandible, check, Onyx

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The Effect of Sports Drinks on Flexural Strength of Provisional Restorative Materials

Dr. Gadeer Islem Basunbul

Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University

dr_basunbul@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Energy and sports drinks are being consumed by a major portion of the population globally. Thus, an experimental research design was used to evaluate and analyze the effects of soft drinks on flexural strength of provisional restorative materials. Material and Methods. The flexural strength of five provisional restorative materials; TemPhase^TM, UNIFAST III, Protemp^TM, Everest C-Temp and CAD TempÒ monoColor were examined after being stored in 3 different sports drinks; including Red Bull, Cod Red, and Vitene in addition to the control group, distilled water, for 7 days at 37° in Memmert oven. All 25 x 2 x 2 mm bars were washed and dried after the conditioning period. Three-point flexural strength was carried out for all samples in the universal testing machine with 10 kN load cell at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Results: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance. The findings have shown a positive and significant difference between distilled water and red bull (p = 0.000), distilled water and vitene (p = 0.025), and distilled water and cod red (p = 0.047). Red Bull, Vitene and Cod Red improved Temphase and Protemp flexural strength while they reduced the flexural strength of CAD Temp significantly. Discussion: It was concluded that C-Temp maintained the highest flexural strength while UNIFAST III flexural strength became the lowest amongst the five tested provisional restorative materials with sport drinks consumption. However, more studies are needed to investigate the effect of sport drinks on other restorative materials flexural strength and different physical and mechanical properties.

[Gadeer Islem Basunbul. The Effect of Sports Drinks on Flexural Strength of Provisional Restorative Materials. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):27-31]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.04.

Keywords: Energy and Sports drinks, Provisional Restorative Composite Materials, Flexural Strength

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[J Am Sci 2018;14(8):32-46]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5.

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The Presence of United States in Middle East: Stability or Instability

Sheida Mahnam1, Sedighe Zare2

1Department of International Relation, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of International Relation, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
mahnam.unesco@gmail.com

Abstract: The questions in this study, have given rise to some strong opinions. Hardliners in the Iranian government, for example, argue that all outside forces must leave the region before any new approach to security and cooperation can be advanced. Some Western analysts, on the other hand, believe that future approaches to regional security will require an intimate network of collective defense arrangement between outside powers, particularly United States, and selected regional states. Between these two extreme lie more subtle approaches. It seems clear that any regional security architecture in the Middle East will have several components. The object of this paper is to undertake a descriptive study of Middle East security and the role of United States with a view to the Iraq war, the first steps and primary goals of United States and analysis the present condition of the regional security. journal of American Science 2011; 9(6):47-56]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.
[Sheida Mahnam Sedighe Zare. The Presence of United States in Middle East: Stability or Instability. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):47-56]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.06.

Keywords: Middle East security, U.S. Foreign policy, New Iraq, Iran’s Role

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Experimental Studies of an Anionic Surfactant Adsorption onto Silica Surface

Mohammad Ali Ahmadi^1*, Seyed Reza Shadizadeh²

¹⁾ Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, Iran

²⁾ Department of Petroleum Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran

ahmadi6776@yahoo.com

Abstract: Adsorption is a unit operation in which dissolved constituents is removed from the solvent (water) by interphase transfer to the surfaces of an adsorbent particle. The basic objective of this paper is calculating adsorption density and modeling of the equilibria of adsorption processes on Silica Surface. This paper describes the equilibrium adsorption was investigated by examining adsorption behavior in a system of solid phase silica and of an aqueous phase of surfactant. Effects on surfactant adsorption density for different surfactant concentration were conducted in on crushed silica. The range of initial surfactant concentrations were from 500 to 5000 ppm in the crushed silica. Sodium dodecyle sulphate surfactant used as an ionic surfactant. An adsorption isotherm is used to characterize the equilibria between the amount of adsorbate that accumulates on the adsorbent and the concentration of the dissolved adsorbate. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Freundlich isotherm used to describe equilibria. The equilibrium time was approximately one day. The rate of adsorption dependent on availability of surfactant in the system, it was found that the adsorption of surfactant increased with increasing surfactant concentration. The phenomenon of adsorption at solid/liquid interface is of major importance in the process of enhanced oil recovery with the application of surfactant.

[Mohammad Ali Ahmadi, Seyed Reza Shadizadeh. Experimental Studies of an Anionic Surfactant Adsorption onto Silica Surface. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):57-61]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.07.

Keywords: Adsorption, Silica Surface, Isotherm, Anionic Surfactant

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[J Am Sci 2018;14(8):62-68]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8.

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Dependency of Critical Micelle Concentration of a Novel Nonionic Surfactant on Adding Alcohol-EOR Implication

Mohammad Ali Ahmadi1*, Seyed Reza Shadizadeh2

1) Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, Iran
2) Department of Petroleum Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
ahmadi6776@yahoo.com

Abstract: Over 40% of the current world conventional oil production comes from carbonate reservoirs; dominantly mature and declining giant oilfields. After primary and secondary oil production stages using tertiary oil production methods as part of an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) scheme is inevitable. Surfactant flooding aims at reducing the mobility ratio through lowering the interfacial tension between oil and water and mobilizing the residual oil. This article highlights the effect of alcohol on critical micelle concentration of Zyziphus Spina Christi, a novel surfactant, in aqueous solutions for EOR and reservoir stimulation purposes. A conductivity technique was used to assess the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant in aqueous phase. Electrical conductivity measured at 25oC. The influence of alcohol conditions on CMC variation of selected surfactant is considered. It was found the addition of alcohol increase the CMC of surfactant. Results from this study can help in appropriate selection of surfactants in design of EOR schemes and reservoir stimulation plans in carbonate reservoirs.
[Mohammad Ali Ahmadi, Seyed Reza Shadizadeh. Dependency of Critical Micelle Concentration of a Novel Nonionic Surfactant on Adding Alcohol-EOR Implication. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):69-73]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.09.

Keywords: Critical Micelle Concentration, Alcohol, Nonionic Surfactant, Conductivity, ethanol

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China’s Energy Strategy

Fereshteh Payam

Department of International Relation, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
fereshtehpayam@gmail.com

Abstract: China is a vast and overpopulated country in the eastern Asia whose energy security and supply is the most important factor of economic growth and consequently, economic, social and political security. By the past decades, its leaders have understood the key role of economic growth and development in the economic and political security of china. Thus, they have put all their concentration on this issue. As a result, the economic growth rate of china has amounted to 10 percent, becoming the foremost element of political and social stability of china. On the other hand, maintaining this high growth rate depends on the energy security and any disturbance in energy field not only stops the economic growth but also makes the ground for the economic, political and social crisis. As a result, maintaining the energy security is of the importance in strategic goals and foreign policy priorities of the state. Thus, the statesmen tries to prioritize certain polices in domestic and foreign realm in order to increase the energy security namely; diversification of fuel sources, focusing on the domestic products, concentrating on efficiency, establishing strategic reservoirs and investing in oil-owned countries. The aim of this article is evaluating the realization of these policies.
[Fereshteh Payam. China’s Energy Strategy. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):74-82]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.10.

Keywords: energy security, new energies, strategic reservoirs, diversification, energy efficiency

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The Effect of Training with Addition Weights, on Some Bio Kinematic Variables for Half Rotate Stalder on Chin Device for Beginners.

Nada Ibrahim Abdel Retha, Prof. Dr. Intsar Awid, and Asist. Prof. Dr. Asil Jalil Kate

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Baghdad, College of Physical Education and Sport Science for Girls

faroq1956@gmail.com

Abstract: The Aim of the search is to prepare exercises with addition weights to improve kinematic variables and to identity the effect of training by weights on these variables for the half turn stalder skill on chin device for juniors. The two hypothesis were exist positive effect on some kinematic variables of the benefit of post-test. The researcher used experimental design with video, the subjects were (6) gymnastic players chosen internationally from Baghdad distict. The chapter four included the display analysis and discussion. The researcher concluded that the exercises with addition weights contributed to improve some kinematic variables for the half turn stalder skill on chin device for beginner. Finally the researcher recommended doing exercises with addition weights on other gymnastic skills and kinematic variables values, when training half turn of stalder on chin device for beginners.

[Nada Ibrahim Abdel Retha, Intsar Awid, and Asil Jalil Kate. The Effect of Training with Addition Weights, on Some Bio Kinematic Variables for Half Rotate Stalder on Chin Device for Beginners. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):83-86]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.11.

Keywords: Effect; Training; Addition Weight; Bio Kinematic; Variable; Rotate; Stalder; Chin Device; Beginner

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Green Economy And Agriculture In Nigeria: A Synthesis From Literature

¹Tasie C.M*, ²Nwosu C.S. and ³J.S. Orebiyi

¹Department of Agricultural Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt.

²Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Imo State University, Owerri.

³Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri.

Abstract: Green economy is related to sustainable development in developing countries like Nigeria and will impact positively on the people with good policies and institutional framework in place. It is well known that over dependence on crude oil had led to ecosystem degradation in the Niger Delta and a mono-economy in Nigeria. So, we need to diversify the Nigerian economy. We need to make the Nigeria economy green. Agriculture provides significant opportunities for growth, investment and jobs to help make it happen. Agriculture feeds our entire population and produce fiber for clothing, feed for livestock and bio-energy. In Nigeria, agriculture contributes significantly to GDP growth, leads the way in poverty reduction and accounts for the lion’s share of employment opportunities, especially women. Agriculture also has one of the highest potentials for reducing carbon emissions and helping vulnerable people adapt to climate change.

[Tasie C.M, Nwosu C.S. and J.S. Orebiyi. Green Economy And Agriculture In Nigeria: A Synthesis From Literature. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):87-93]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.12.

Key words: Green Economy, Sustainable Development, Climate change, Agriculture, Food Security, Poverty Alleviation

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Using new variation Crossover operator of Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Traveling Salesmen Problem

Namit Gupta# and Rajeev Kumar*

#Assistant professor, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad
*Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science
Email ID: namit.k.gupta.coe@tmu.ac.in

Abstract – Genetic algorithm (GAs) has been used as a search technique of many NP problems. Genetic algorithms have been successfully applied to many different types of problems, though several factors limit the success of a GA on a specific function. Problem required are good, but optimal solutions are not ideal for GAs. It is depended on the selection operator, crossover and mutation rates. In this paper Roulette Wheel Selection (RWS) operator with different crossover and mutation probabilities, is used to solve well known optimization problem Traveling Salesmen Problem (TSP). We have proposed a new crossover operator which is variation of Order Crossover (OX) and found results are better than existing crossover operator.
[Namit Gupta and Rajeev Kumar. Using new variation Crossover operator of Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Traveling Salesmen Problem. J Am Sci 2018;14(8):94-97]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsjas140818.13.

Keywords: TSP, GAs, SUS, RWS.

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