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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Roles of BM-Mscs in Enhancing Pancreatic Auto-Immunity and Apoptotic Status in TIDM

Wafaa M. El-Kholy1, Raza H. Hussein2 and Dlovan Y. Khalil2

1Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
2Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Slymania University, Kurdistan Iraq.
dlovanyasen@gmail.com

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a global health crisis, affecting humanity regardless of the geographic location or socioeconomic profile of the population, as it considered the principle cause of great economic loss that can impede nation’s development. In recent years; the transplantation of MSCs has achieved great therapeutic effects in animal models due to their multipotency along with their paracrine secretion of cytokines, angiogenic and neurotrophic factors, angiogenic factors, anti-inflammatory effects and immunomodulatory substances. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the probable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-suppressive and anti-apoptotic protective capacities of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in comparison with insulin treatment in diabetic rats. Animals were divided into four groups; control group, diabetic group (D) which received a single intraperitoneal STZ dose (45 mg/kg b.w), D + insulin (0.75 IU/ 100 gm b.w., daily) group and D + BM-MSCs (single intravenous dose of 10 6 cell/rat); and the study continued for four consecutive weeks. Obtained results showed that either insulin or BM-MSCs administration remarkably improve the oxidative stress status resulting from diabetes induction; as reflected by lowered pancreatic MDA, ROS and XO levels; and enhanced the antioxidant defense system capability via increasing pancreatic contents of GSH, SOD, CAT, GST and TAC, compared to the diabetic group. Also, treatment of diabetic rats with insulin or BM-MSCs significantly ameliorated the inflammatory disorders as indicated by markedly decreased serum inflammatory markers; such as CRP, TNF-α, TGF-β and CD 95; compared to the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, insulin or BM-MSCs therapy was found to suppress pancreatic auto-immunity resulting in an obvious pancreatic cells apoptosis arrest in diabetic rats; which was confirmed by declined pancreatic CD4+, CD8+, annexin, P53 and caspase-3 levels accompanied by BCl-2 level elevation; compared to the diabetic group. Current findings provided additional evidence that BM-MSCs therapy has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic characteristics which may greatly ameliorate diabetic patients' health through minimizing various DM side effects.
[Wafaa M. El-Kholy, Raza H. Hussein and Dlovan Y. Khalil. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Roles of BM-Mscs in Enhancing Pancreatic Auto-Immunity and Apoptotic Status in TIDM. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):1-12]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.01.

Key words: Antioxidant –Apoptosis – BM-MSCs – Diabetes – Inflammation –Oxidative stress– Streptozotocin

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The Protective Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Cells on Nephrotoxicity Induced by Carbone Tetrachloride in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological and Ultrastructural Study

Eman E. Elwakeel1*, Amira Z. Mohamed 2

1Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
2Microbiology, Electron Microscopic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
E-mail: eman.ismail@fmed.bu.edu.eg; elwakeelazs@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) initiates nephrotoxicity in rats. The purpose of the present work was to study the role of bone marrow- derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MSCs) on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rat judged by light and electron microscopeusing histological, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure parameters. Material & methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were classified randomly into four experimental groups. Group I: Control group which was equally divided into two subgroups; Ia (thatwas fed on the standard diet) and Ib (that injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of olive oil twice weekly for 4 weeks ). Group II: treated with 1.0ml /kg b.w of 10% CCl4 dissolved in olive oil, IP, twice a week for 4 one month. Group III: was injected intraperitonealy with the same dose of CCl4 twice a week for 4 weeks and then were given a single dose intraperitoneally of 3×106 BM-MSCs. Group IV: served as recovery group, were treated IP with 5.0ml /kg b.w of 10% CCl4 twice a week for 4 weeks and left for a further 4 weeks. At the end of experimental period, all of the rats were scarified and both kidneys were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Results: In CCl4treated animals, there were several pathological changes included: dilatation of tubular lumens with intraluminal cell debris and vacuolation of tubular epitheliumas compared with the control rats. Mallory’s trichrome staining showed increased amount of collagen fibers in the glomerulus and interstitium in CCl4 treated animals. While the rest of groups showed minimal collagen fibers around glomerulus and renal tubules. Immunohistochemical staining using α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) showed negative reaction in all groups except CCl4 treated animals and recovery group. EM evaluation of CCL4 induced changed revealed significant condensation of chromatin in the nucleus and shortened brush border of proximal convoluted tubules, swollen mitochondria and loss of apical plasma membrane micro projection of distal convoluted tubules, also effacement of secondary foot processes on basement membrane of glomerular capillary with loss of slit diaphragms. In contrast, these deleterious histopathological alterations resulting from CCl4nephrotoxin were absent after BM-MSCs treatment in CCl4 + BM-MSCs group of rats. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the protective potential of BM-MSCs on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rat with better recovery findings in BM-MSCs received group than in those rats that were left to recover without treatment.
[Eman E. Elwakeel, Amira Z. Mohamed. The Protective Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Cells on Nephrotoxicity Induced by Carbone Tetrachloride in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological and Ultrastructural Study. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):13-24]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.02.

Keywords: Carbon tetrachloride; bone-marrow; renal dysfunction; nephrotoxicity; stem cell.

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A Morphologic and Morphometric Study of the Foramen Transversarium of the Cervical Vertebrae: An Osteological Study in Upper Egypt

Salwa M. Ouies

Lecturer of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.
salwaouies@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: The Knowledge of variations in foramen tranversarium of the cervical vertebrae is surgically important, as its anatomical relation with the third part of vertebral artery is one of the proposed causative factors for cervicogenic headache. Aim of work: This study was aimed to determine the morphological and morphometrical variations of foramen transversarium (FT) of cervical vertebrae in Upper Egypt. Methods:100 cervical vertebrae were collected from Anatomy department of medical College of Sohag and Assiut universities. Each vertebra was examined for the shape of foramen tranversarium and their dimensions were measured. Any other variation observed was also noted. Results were statistically analysed for side and size variation. Results: The foramen transversarium take one of 5shapes: rounded, oval with more AP diameter, oval with more transverse diameter, elliptical and triangular. There were no significant differences between the right and left as regard the antroposterior and transverse diameters Conclusion: Morphological variations in foreman transversarium are significant as they lead to neurological conditions due to the flow of blood passing through these openings except for C7.
[Salwa M. Ouies. A Morphologic and Morphometric Study of the Foramen Transversarium of the Cervical Vertebrae: An Osteological Study in Upper Egypt. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):25-29]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.03.

Keywords: Upper Egypt, Cervical vertebra, Foramen transversarium

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Design and Implementation of Employee Computer Usage Behavior System (5 May 2015)

1Ainee Riaz, 2Shahid Islam

1 Research Scholar, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan
E-Mail: Ainee_riaz@yahoo.com Phone no: +923016543211
2 Assistant Professor, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan (Computer Science Department)

Abstract—The proliferation of software applications has great impact on our lives. It not only saves the time but also makes the life easier. The aim of this research is to design and develop a software application that could help the managers to maximize the office productivity by monitoring the computer activities of each employee. This system provides the server application that logs the employees’ computer usage and archives them at central server. Authorized users like managers can retrieve this information like web history, printer usage, installed applications, running programs etc from server using web based interface.
[Ainee Riaz, Shahid Islam. Design and Implementation of Employee Computer Usage Behavior System (5 May 2015). J Am Sci 2018;14(6):30-37]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.04.

Keywords— employees, computer usage, monitoring, system

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Study the interaction of cultivation date and variety on the process of changes dry weight of the leaves, stems, clusters and flower, rice varieties on the date of winter and summer cultivation in Khuzestan

Fazollah Hooshmand

PhD student of Agriculture Engineering at the Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Khuzestan-Ahvaz

faz.hooshmand@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research conducted for determination the rate and process of dried matter variation of plant organ rice varieties in summer and winter planting of Khuzestan as split-plot design in randomized complete blocks with two factors (planting date and variety) and three replication for one year (2009) in Shavoor Agriculture Research Station related to Natural Resources and Agriculture Research Center of Khuzestan with eastern length 48:28 m and northen width 31:50 m. The main factor in three levels, included date of cultivation 2009/3/17 (D1), 2010/4/14 (D2) and 2010/5/26 (D3) and rice varieties namely Hoveizeh (V₁), Hamar (V₂), Ramhormoz pollen (V₃), Dollar (V₄), N₂₂ (V₅), Zanjan pollen (V₆), Eiry 3 (V₇) Eiry 12 (V₈), line7 (V9), Line 13 (V10) were examined as subplot. In this experiment, native and Khouzestan heat tolerance variety like Hamr with high growth duration and more tillering rate had the highest process of leaf dried matter, stem, total, and there is positive correlation among them (at level 1%). Tolerance and native varieties had the most suitable variations process of these indexes in every three dates of planting. In first and second date of planting, not produced remarkable fertile panicles because of exposing panicle with severe hot weather in July, Therefore they produced dried matter lower than third date of planting.

[Fazollah Hooshmand. Study the interaction of cultivation date and variety on the process of changes dry weight of the leaves, stems, clusters and flower, rice varieties on the date of winter and summer cultivation in Khuzestan. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):38-44]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.05.

Key words: Interaction, Date of planting, variety, changing process, Dried matter

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 Causes of Employees turnover in banking sector of Pakistan

Muhsin Bilal¹, MISS Muqdas Rehman², Chaudhary Abdul Rehman³

¹PHD Scholar, Superior University, Lahore

Contract: 0342-0656493, Email: mohsinbilalncn@yahoo.com

²Lecturer,Hailey College of Commerce, Punjab University,Lahore

Contact: 042-9231274 Email: iluvnabi.saaw@gmail.com

³Professor, Business School, superior University, Lahore

Contact: 042-35530361-8 Email: ceo@superior.edu.pk

Abstract: Purpose: Employee’s turnover is considering very important elements in every country economy. The country of higher employee’s turnover is live complex environment every time. This study aims to determine the factors which are created the high employee turnover. The job satisfaction, promotion, salary package, organization commitment, workload balance appreciation of work, employees training and development, organizantal culture and workforce is very important factor in employee’s turnover in Pakistan. This research provides complete guideline and directions how job satisfaction, promotion, salary package, organization commitment, workload balance and appreciation of work will affect the employee turnover. Methodology: Data was collected through interview only Narowal district banks of Pakistan. This study analyze that there is positive relationship between employee turnover and factors which affects them. Those banks which provide friendly environment, job satisfaction, fulfill their commitments, workload balance and promotion their employees is more satisfy them then those which do not fulfill these factors. Findings: The finding of the research is beneficial for the management of those banks in which employee are not satisfy and leave the jobs very soon when they are find a new one. Envivo software is used for discussion and analysis. Limitation: The limitation of the study is that we only focus the banks of district narowal and choose the data collection method is only for interview and due the busy management in those banks they have not in a position to answer me all of my question.

[Muhsin Bilal, MISS Muqdas Rehman, Chaudhary Abdul Rehman. Causes of Employees turnover in banking sector of Pakistan. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):45-54]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.06.

Key words: job satisfaction, promotion, salary package, organization commitment, workload balance, appreciation of work, employees training and development, Organizational culture and workforce

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Adaptive Routing Algorithms based Fault-tolerant in 3D NOC

*Mohammad Trik1,2, Fardin Mohammadi Darvandi1,2, Kumarth nazari3

1,2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sardasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sardasht, Iran
1,2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
3 Applied Science Training Center of Justice Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
*Author for Correspondence

Abstract: In traditional congestion aware techniques, congestion is measured at a router level and delivered to other routers, either local or non-local. In this work, we present an efficient fully adaptive fault-tolerant routing algorithm for 3D Network-on-Chip (3D NoC). The presented approach is discussed in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) mesh networks. To collect and propagate the congestion information of different clusters, a distributed approach is presented. Instead of rerouting packets around the fault regions when fault occurs, our proposed algorithm applies a fault detection scheme which can get the fault information one hop away in advance, and it combines the fault information when doing the path computation. This algorithm can deal with multi faults in the 3D NoC architecture. Simulation results show that our proposed routing algorithm can achieve lower latency, energy consumption and higher packet arrival rate compared with other traditional routing algorithms in various network applications.
[Mohammad Trik, Fardin Mohammadi Darvandi, Kumarth nazari. Adaptive Routing Algorithms based Fault-tolerant in 3D NOC. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):55-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.07.

Keywords: fault-tolerant, routing algorithm, adaptive, 3D NoC

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[J Am Sci 2018;14(6):60-66]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. withdrawn 

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Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization Versus Surgery In Multi-vessel Disease

Mohamed Mahmoud*, Osama Osman**, G.M. Shaaban***, M.M. Nasr*****

Al-Azhar Assiut University Cardiology departments (*, **), Cardiology National Heart Institute and Cardiothoracic Surgery National Heart Institute (***, ****)

mrefatyusuf@gmail.com

Abstract: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of mortality in the world. It presents as a spectrum of diseases and syndromes ranging from asymptomatic quiescent states to sudden cardiac death (SCD). When it manifests as obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), it typically presents as angina pectoris or myocardial infarction (MI). Although mortality has improved over the past several decades, the increasing burdens of obesity, diabetes, and an aging population challenge health care systems and populations. Many treatments have been linked to the improvement of mortality from CAD. These include secondary preventive medical therapy and revascularization; initial treatments for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); revascularization for chronic angina; treatment for heart failure (HF); and primary preventive therapies, including treatment of hypertension (HTN) and hyperlipidemia. Multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD) is characterized by involvement of greater than 1 epicardial coronary artery (CA) or the unprotected left main (LM). The choice of revascularization strategy in this setting remains a critical issue in cardiology. Although coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has traditionally been the revascularization strategy for most patients with MV disease, there has been a gradual shift toward percutaneous revascularization (PCI). Early randomized clinical trials showed CABG to be superior to medical therapy. However, trials comparing CABG to bare metal stenting have not shown a mortality benefit. Advancements in interventional techniques will continue to challenge the notion that CABG is the standard therapy for patients with MVCAD. Several ongoing randomized clinical trials comparing CABG to drug eluting stents (DES) will provide valuable insight into the role of each procedure. Limited data suggests that CABG is superior to MV PCI even when drug-eluting stents are used. Several ongoing randomized trials are evaluating the long-term comparative efficacy of PCI with DES and CABG in patients with DM. Significant LM CAD is characterized as angiographic stenosis of ≥50% of this segment of the coronary tree. It is found in 2.5% to 10% of all patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography procedures. Though CABG is currently the gold standard for revascularization of patients with unprotected LMCA stenosis, stent implantation in carefully selected patients appears to be both feasible and safe. Many cardiologists consider it reasonable to assume that PCI using DES thought to be considered equivalent, if not superior to CABG. The argument made is that in previous randomized clinical trials comparing PCI to CABG, restenosis was the determining factor favoring surgery, an event that clinical experience suggests is no longer as frequent. In the absence of a definitive clinical trial to support this view, how should the prudent, cutting edge cardiologist evaluate the data and manage their patients. Aim of the Work: The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of PCI using Drug Eluting Stents versus CABG in treatment of MVCAD. Patients and methods 1-Patients: This study was conducted on 50 patients with IHD in the Cardiology departments of National heart Institute from April 2011 to August 2012. 25 of them will undergo PCI using DES while the other 25 will undergo CABG. All patients underwent diagnostic coronary angiography which showed MV lesions with good distal run off that could be treated either by PCI or CABG. The patients were divided into two groups: 1-Group (A) included 25 patients who underwent PCI to accessible lesions. 2-Group (B) included 25 patients who underwent CABG for diseased vessels. Inclusion Criteria: Patients were included if they: Have MV CAD, manifested by -Typical chest pain or angina equivalent -ECG changes suggesting CAD -Wall motion abnormalities by echo if present. Exclusion Criteria: -Patients were excluded if they are: - 80 years of age -Severely impaired LV function -Have less than 3vessel disease -Have prior revascularization procedures. -Have experienced an acute MI within 24 h before the procedure. – Multi-organ dysfunction Methods: All patients will be subjected to 1-informed consent 2- full history taking 3-Full clinical examination 4-12-lead ECG pre and post- intervention. 5- Full Conventional transthoracic Echocardiograpgy (TTE) before the intervention with a re assessment after 6 and 12 months. 6- Dobutamine stress echo or thallium study before and after the procedure to assessment of ischemic myocardium. 7- Coronary angiography A detailed discussion with the patient and his family about benefits of coronary angiography, methods for revascularization, and possible complications was done. Informed consent was signed by the patient after his approval of the procedure. All patients underwent CABG: All these patients provided a written consent; the protocol and the consent were consistent with the national heart institution protocols. Patients were treated with the intention of achieving complete revascularization of all vessels at least 2.5 mm in diameter with stenosis of 70% or more as identified by local interventional cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. The surgical technique for CABG, approaches used for stent implementation and the post procedure medication regimen were chosen according to local clinical practice. Follow-up Protocol: (A) In hospital follow up: Patients were followed up during hospital stay after revascularization for: i. Mortality: ii. Morbidity. iii. Need for revascularization. Iv. Occurrence of any neurological or vascular events. V. Others. Duration of hospital stay was documented in the medical record of each patient. (B)Outpatient six months follow up: For all patients the following was done: 1-Duration of stay at home and ability to return to work. 2- Close observations of all the patients and detailed history taking for early detection of any major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including: 1-All causes of SCD 2- Unstable angina or MI, diagnosed by: A. Appearance of any symptoms or signs of acute chest pain. B. New ECG changes (ST-T wave changes and pathological Q wave). C. Elevated cardiac enzymes. iii. Need for revascularization whether surgical or PCI. Echo for detection of any change in LVEDD, LVESD, LVPW, IVS thickness and EF. (C)Outpatient 12months follow up: For all patients the following was done: as done before with six months follow up Statistics: All the data obtained were analyzed statistically using statistical package, Results: Follow up for one year for all the patients showed that MACE positive patients in group (A) were 36% occurred at 9.78±2.1 months. No mortality was found during that period. On the contrary, group (B) showed 24% MACE positive patients, 8% mortality. All our complications occurred during post procedure hospital stay. The difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant. A Combination of semiquantitative stress echo and the clinical history allows us to define the risk of all late cardiac events for patients with MVD undergoing stenting or surgery. This study demonstrates that dobutamine stress echo is a powerful predictor of late cardiac event after coronary revascularization and is superior to simple clinical risk assessment. Regarding group (A), duration of DM was significant predictor of in-stent restenosis (ISR). Mean duration of DM in MACE positive patients was 18.1±7.39 years, versus 10.93±6.38 years in MACE negative patients. Difference between the two groups was statistically significant. In comparison, group (B) showed mean duration of DM in MACE positive patients was 10.17±3.25 years, versus 10.53±4.89 years in MACE negative patients. Difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant. Regarding group (A), Insulin therapy was statistically significant predictor of ISR. Treatment of DM in MACE positive patients was insulin in 6 patients (67%) and insulin with oral hypoglycemic agents in 3 patients (33%). on the other hand treatment of DM in MACE negative patients was insulin in 6 patients (38%) and oral hypoglycemic agents in 10 patients (62%). Difference between the two groups was statistically significant. In comparison, group (B) showed treatment of DM in MACE positive patients was insulin in 2 patients (33%) and oral hypoglycemic agents in 4 patients (67%). on the other hand treatment of DM in MACE negative patients was insulin in 4 patients (21%), oral hypoglycemic agents in 12 patients (63%) and both in 3 patients (16%). Difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant. Regarding group (A), stent length and number was not a predictor of ISR. Also in group (B) type of the graft did not affect the clinical outcome.

[Mohamed Mahmoud Osama Osman G.M. Shaaban M.M. Nasr. Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization Versus Surgery In Multi-vessel Disease. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):67-83]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.09.

Keywords: Percutaneous; Coronary; Revascularization; Versus; Surgery; Multi-vessel Disease

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The therapeutic effect of some tuber plants that found in the Al- Baha area on bio-chemical changes in hyperglycemic rats

Dr. Lobna Saad Mohammed Abd Elmeged1, Dr. Nora Mesfer Attia Al zahrani2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Al Baha University-KSA
2 Associate Professor, Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University- KSA
lobna_lolo_2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Leafy vegetables are among the most nutritious vegetables on a fresh weight basis and are also among the world's most productive plants in terms of nutritional value per unit area, in part because they grow rapidly, allowing several crops or harvests in a season Objective: This investigation aims to therapeutic effects of vegetable growths (green onground parts) of tuberous plants such as greens of taro, carrot, suger beet, sweet potato, and potato leavesand stem are scant. Design: Thirty-five rats Sprague Dawley white male albino rats, weighing about 150 ± 10g were used in the study. The experiment was performed in Animal House. All rats were fed for one week on basal diet before starting the experiment, then divided into two main groups, the first group (n= 5 rats) was fed on the basal diet only as a control negative (C –ve) normal rats for 28 days. The rats of second main group (n= 30 rats) were injected alloxan. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using computerized SPSS Results: Hyperglycemic rats fed on taro, carrot, sugar beet, sweet potato, and potato leaves and stems 5% recorded significant decrease in Serum GPT compared to control (+ve) Hence there was a significant increase in control (+) compared to control (-) rats. Diabetic rats fed on taro, carrot, sugar beet, sweet potato and potato leaves and stems 5 % denoted significant decreases in serum glucose compared to control (+)). Diabetic rats fed on taro, carrot sugar beet, sweet potato and potato leaves and stems 5% diet denoted significant decreases in U.acid compared to control (+ve) rats, Recommendation: This study suggested to use vegetable greens of tuberous plants, namely that of taro, carrot, sugar beet, sweet potato and potato for hyperglycemic patients
[Lobna Saad Mohammed Abd Elmeged, Dr. Nora Mesfer Attia Al zahrani. The therapeutic effect of some tuber plants that found in the Al- Baha area on bio-chemical changes in hyperglycemic rats. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):84-95]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.10.

Keywords: vegetable greens of tuberous plants, Diabetic, Biochemical change

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Phytochemical and Therapeutic Studies of the Fruit Essential Oil of Thuja orientalis from Nigeria

Ololade Z.S.1*, Fakankun O.A.1, Alao, F.O.2, Udi O.U.1

1Department of Chemical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, P.M.B. 1015, Ota, Nigeria
2Department of Biological Sciences, Bells University of Technology, P.M.B. 1015, Ota, Nigeria
zacchsnatpdt@gmail.com; suntolgroup@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish correlations between the identified phytocompounds in the fruit essential oil of Thuja orientalis from Nigeria and their medicinal properties (free radical scavenging, antioxidant and antimicrobial). Forty-seven compounds were identified in the fruit essential oil of T. orientalis making up 98.9% of the total percentage composition. The essential oil was made up predominantly of monoterpenoids (62.2%). The most abundant components was 1R-α-pinene (15.2%) followed by α-pinene (9.6%), 1S-α-pinene (5.6%), cyclofenchene (5.6%), (+)-3-carene (4.5%), 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo [3.1.1] heptane (4.5%) and trans-β-ocimene (4.0%). The high amount of terpenoids leads to more potent radical scavenging, antioxidant and antibiotic properties. The essential oil showed high potential as natural antioxidant and free radical inhibitor with IC50 value: 2.5µgml-1, the percentage inhibition of free radical ranged between 68-70%. Screening of the fruit essential oil for antimicrobial activities using the agar-well diffusion assay showed that the oil had high antibacterial properties against all bacteria isolates tested with zones of inhibition ranging from 10-30 mm. This study confirms that the fruit essential oil of this plant contains phytochemicals that can form the basis for the development of a potential natural antioxidant and antibiotic which are safe, cheap, and readily available at a large scale for pharmaceutical industries for further investigation and processing.
[Ololade Z.S., Fakankun O.A., Alao, F.O., Udi O.U. Phytochemical and Therapeutic Studies of the Fruit Essential Oil of Thuja orientalis from Nigeria. J Am Sci 2018;14(6):96-100]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas140618.11.

Keywords: Thuja orientalis, fruit essential oil, phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial

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