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Landry-Guillaine-Barré syndrome a rare presentation of celiac disease

Yahya El-Ficki¹, Mohamed Alabbasi², Noor Abu Al-Saud³, Sakinah Abbas⁴, and Maram AL Taiary⁵

¹Consultant Internal Medicine, vice chief of internal medicine department, King Abdul Aziz Hospital, KSA.

²Research Assistant and Coordinator, IbnSina National College for Medical Studies, KSA.

³Research Assistant and Coordinator, IbnSina National College for Medical Studies, KSA.

⁴Research Assistant and Coordinator, IbnSina National College for Medical Studies, KSA.

⁵Research Assistant and Coordinator, IbnSina National College for Medical Studies, KSA.

profelficki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Celiac Disease (Gluten-Sensitive entropathy) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited bygluten and related prolamines in genetically susceptible individualsand characterized by the presence of a variable combination of gluten dependentclinical manifestations. Celiac disease is associated with multiple extra intestinal presentations, including bone disease, endocrine disorders and neurological deficits. The disease has been associated with a variety of neurological illnesses, most frequently cerebellar ataxia, seizures, and peripheral neuropathy. We report a Landry-Guillaine-Barrésyndromesas apresentationof a 58 years old female patient with undiagnosed celiac disease throughout her entire life.

[Yahya El-Ficki, Mohamed Alabbasi, Noor Abu Al-Saud, Sakinah Abbas, and Maram AL Taiary. Landry-Guillaine-Barré syndrome a rare presentation of celiac disease. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):1-4]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.01.

Keywords: Celiac Disease, gluten sensitivity, Guillain-Barré syndrome.

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The Effects of Low Level Laser Treatment on Recovery of Nerve Conduction after Sciatic Nerve Compression Injury (Experimental study)

Mohamed A. Alqalla¹, Mohamed A. Tawfik², Mohammed E Grawish³, Ehab A. Mohammed⁴

¹Teaching Assistant at Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Egypt

²Professor and Chairman of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Egypt

³Professor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Egypt

⁴Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Egypt

m_a_t1983@hotmail.com

Abstract: Aim of the work: The objective of study is to determine the effect of the low level laser therapy on nerves regeneration after a compression injury of rat sciatic nerve. Study design: The injury of the sciatic nerve was induced by using portable deadweight device with a load of 5000g applied over a length of 5 mm for 10 minutes was used in this study on the crushing of the sciatic nerve of rats. This device is characterized as being a faster, easier and more reliable crushing process, in relation to the load used. The animals were divided into three groups, the animals in group III received LLLT daily for 28 consecutive days we used A Semi-conductor Diode AlGaInP Laser, formed a control console and a handheld probe. The diameter of the probe is 18 mm and it was used to deliver the LLLT. Functional nerve assessment was done using the foot step forms and sciatic nerve was dissected for histological examination to evaluate the regeneration of the sciatic nerve. Results: Found that significant differences of the times factor (F= 4765.53, P= 0.001), groups factor (F= 2222.54, P=0.0001), Also we found a significant differences of the interaction between times and groups factors (F=742.63, P=0.001) when sphericity assumed, Pillai's trace showing a significant differences for the time factor, group factor and the interaction between time and group factors. The histological assessment improve that the most axons of the Group III sections showed regeneration and a uniform arrangement. Conclusion: The Low level laser therapy is a useful way for treating the injuries of the nerves and when we use the LLLT at the early stage of the injury of the nerve it will helps in the minimizing of the loss of nerve functions.

[Mohamed A. Alqalla, Mohamed A. Tawfik, Mohammed E Grawish, Ehab A. Mohammed. The Effects of Low Level Laser Treatment on Recovery of Nerve Conduction after Sciatic Nerve Compression Injury(Experimental study). J Am Sci 2016;12(9):5-11]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.02.

Key words: LLLT, sciatic nerve, low level laser, compression injury, sciatic nerve

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Continuous darkness provokes testicular structural modification in mature rats

Sajid S. Mohammed¹; Hadeel Kh. Nayyef²; Hind Abdul Khaliq Showman³; Samia A. Eleiwe⁴ ; Rasha Azeez Hammood Al- Lami⁵; Ammar Mohammed A. Abdulhussein Al – Gburi⁵

¹Department of Laboratories, Al-yarmook Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.

 ²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-yarmook Teaching Hospital, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.

³Department Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Al- Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

⁴Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, College of Medicine, Al- Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

⁵ Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.

samia_a_eleiwe@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The Testis is the main genital male organ that possesses both exocrine and endocrine gland roles. Melatonin is the code hormone of the pineal gland which is essentially produced during period of darkness and it is recognized to reach almost all bodily cells and organs regulating their function, especially the reproductive organs. Aims: This work was designed to study the effect of increasing periods of continuous darkness on testicular tissues. Methods: Eight groups of adult Wister albino rats were kept in complete 24 hours darkness intended for 4 successive periods. Groups II, III, IV and V were put in continuous darkness for two, four, six and eight weeks successively. Group Iᵅ, Group Iᵇ, Group I ͨ, and Group Iᵈ were the control groups for groups II, III, IV and V consecutively. After the last day of the dark period for each group, the rats were killed under effect of anesthesia. The right testis was taken, weighed and processed for morphometric as well as anatomical and histological study. Result: The results showed no important structural effect on short and medium periods of darkness, while on long periods; there were significant effects which were proportionate to the time length of darkness. Conclusion: The continuous darkness affects the testicular tissues of rats; hence, the reproduction status, depending on the length of exposure.

[Sajid S. Mohammed; Hadeel Kh. Nayyef; Hind Abdul Khaliq Showman; Samia A. Eleiwe; Rasha Azeez Hammood Al- Lami; Ammar Mohammed A. Abdulhussein Al–Gburi. Continuous darkness provokes testicular structural modification in mature rats. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):12-19]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.03.

Keywords: Melatonin, darkness, reproduction and testis.

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Optimizing the Age of Puberty in Buffalo Heifers by Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rbST) and/or Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Darweish, S.A.¹ Tawfeek, K.¹ Hussein, M. S.² Abd EL-Razik, I.³andAdel A. Ramoun ⁴

  ¹Animal Production Research Institute, Mehallet Mousa Buffalo Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.

²Theriogenology Department, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

 ³Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.

^4.Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.      

                                               ramoun2004@yahoo.com, dr_msm58@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficiency of recombinant bovine somatotropin hormone (rbST) and/or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) for induction of puberty in prepubertial buffalo heifers. Twenty eight buffalo heifers, aged 23.3±0.1 months and weighted 370.0±1.6 kg, were randomly allotted into rbST-GnRH treated (G1, n=10); GnRH alone-treated (G2, n=10) and control (G3 n=8). Both follicular populations and largest follicle diameter were detected by transrectal ultrasonography on Days -3 and 0 whereas Day 0 was the Day of GnRH injection. Also, serum IGF-1 and plasma glucose levels were assayed on Day 0.There was an increase (P<0.01) in the serum IGF-1 and plasma glucose levels in G1 on Day 0. Also in G1 heifers, there was a significant increase in the largest follicle diameter on Day 0 (13.6±0.8 m) compared to Day-3 (8.41±1.1 mm). The follicular populations in terms of small and large-sized classes were higher (P<0.05) in G1 compared to G2 and G3 as well. Both puberty induction and conception rates were higher (P<0.05) in G1 compared with other groups.In conclusion, the highest rate of puberty initiation in prepubertial buffalo-heifers is achieved when rbST is injected 3 days prior to GnRH.

[Darweish, S.A., Tawfeek, K., Hussein, M. S., Abd EL-Razik, I. and Adel A. Ramoun. Optimizing the Age of Puberty in Buffalo Heifers by Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rbST) and/or Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH). J. Anm. Sci. 2016;12(9):20-26]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.4. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.04.

Keywords: Buffalo-heifers, puberty, rbST, GnRH.

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Effect of Educational Program on Mothers' Knowledge and their Nutritional Habits about Obesity among their Preschool Children

¹Doaa Abdelgawad Said, ²Fawzia El- Sayed Abusaad, ³Amany Kamal Elhawary, ⁴Gawhara Gad SolimanEbrahem

¹Assistant Lecturer in Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University. ²Ass. Prof. Dr of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University. ³Ass. Prof. Dr of Pediatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University. ⁴Lecturer of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University

doaaabdelgawad2015@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Obesity in preschool period is a public health problem caused when the intake of calories and food exceeds the expenditures and lack of exercise. The most significant health consequences of obesity in preschool period are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and musculoskeletal disorders that affect child quality of life. Pediatric nurses provide weight related health information to the mothers and school nurses using research evidence in designing health promotion program for families. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational program on mothers' knowledge and their nutritional habits about obesity among their preschool children. A quasi-experimental design was used in carrying out the study. The study was conducted at six nursery schools (3 private & 3 governmental) at Mansoura City. The study subjects included a convenience sample of 120 obese child and their mothers recruited over 6 month period. Data were collected by using three tools, child assessment sheet for the preschool child, interview questionnaire for mothers' knowledge and their nutritional habits about obesity and mothers' checklists for measuring preschool child's weight and height to calculate BMI. The study results revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the studied children anthropometric measurements before & post 3 months of the program implementation as well as there were statistically significant relations between the studied mothers' total knowledge and their total habits post 3 months of the program implementation. The study concluded that there was a positive effect of the educational program in improving mothers' knowledge & nutritional habits regarding their preschool children obesity. The study recommended regular and continuous health educational programs are essential for improving the mothers' knowledge and habits regarding preschool obesity.

[Doaa Abdelgawad Said, Fawzia El- Sayed Abusaad, Amany Kamal Elhawary, and Gawhara Gad Soliman Ebrahem. Effect of Educational Program on Mothers' Knowledge and their Nutritional Habits about Obesity among their Preschool Children. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):27-38]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.05.

Key words: Obesity, Mothers, Preschool Children, Educational program

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Metronomic Oral Cyclophosphamide Prednisolone Chemotherapy after Docetaxel failure in Metastatic Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer

Walid Almorsy and Emad Sadaka

Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Gharbia, Egypt

walidaa1@hotmail.com, e_sadaka@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: treatment for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) after failure of docetaxel-based chemotherapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerance of metronomic cyclophosphamide plus prednisolone in those patients. Patients and Methods: From June 2012 to December 2015, 29 patients with HRPC who failed on docetaxel-based chemotherapy received metronomic cyclophosphamide-prednisolone regimen. Twenty-nine patients received 50 mg oral cyclophosphamide and 10 mg rednisolone daily until disease progression. Results: Nine patients (31.03%) had stable disease with<50% reduction of PSA level, 8 (27.58%) patients had ≥50%, while 12 (41.37%) patients showed progressive disease. The median overall survival was 11 months (5.5-21 months) and the median progression free survival was 4 months (3-5.5 months). Treatment was well tolerated. Conclusion: low dose metronomic cyclophosphamide prednisolone was well tolerated with modest activity in HRPC who failed on docetaxel-based chemotherapy.

[Walid Almorsy and Emad Sadaka. Metronomic Oral Cyclophosphamide Prednisolone Chemotherapy after Docetaxel failure in Metastatic Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):39-43]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.06.

Key words: hormonal refractory metastatic prostate cancer, metronomic chemotherapy

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Gendered technical efficiency differentials among crop farmers in Oyo State Nigeria

Oluwatusin, Femi Michael

Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension Services, Ekiti State University, P. M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

E-mail: femi.oluwatusin@eksu.edu.ng

Abstract: In Nigeria and other developing countries, crop production and distribution could have been improved upon, if more attention is paid to the area of separation in the roles played by men women. This study, on gender basis, critically examined the technical efficiency and the determinants of technical efficiency among crop farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 120 randomly selected respondents. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production analysis. The results reveal that the mean ages for male and female farmers were 49.4 and 43.2 years respectively. Men (92.9%) are more educated than women (78.6%) respondents. The mean farming experience for men was 28 years while that of women was 16 years. On the average, male respondents were more visited by the extension agents than their female counterparts. The mean farm sizes for male and female respondents were 4 and 2 hectares respectively. The use of modern implement is not common in the study area. The results further reveal that there was a return to scale of -0.567 for male and -0.260 for female respondents. This shows that both categories of farmers are experiencing decreasing negative returns to scale. The determinants of technical efficiency among the male respondents were farmers age, educational level, access to extension services, access to credit and farmers association membership while that of female respondents were farmers age, educational level, access to credit and farmers association membership. The results again reveal that men crop farmers are more technically efficient than their women counterparts with mean technical efficient indices of 0.89 and 0.75 respectively. It was recommended that the crop farmers should re-organize the use of their variable and fixed resources in order to produce in the region where profit is maximized.

[Oluwatusin, Femi Michael. Gendered technical efficiency differentials among crop farmers in Oyo State Nigeria. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):44-52]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.06.

Key words: Gender, technical efficiency, crop farmers, determinants.

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Prolactin and adequacy of dialysis

Sameh Abou Zeid, Nevine Sherif, and Noha Elsheikh

Department of Nephrology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt

sameh.kidney@gmail.com

Abstract: Hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrinal alteration in chronic renal failure, Several investigators examined the serum concentration of prolactin in patients with chronic renal failure and found it to be elevated. The aim of the study: is to evaluate the relation between adequacy of dialysis and levels of serum Prolactin in long term hemodialysis patients, in order to clarify if adequate dialysis adds a benefit in lowering Prolactin levels. Method: Thirty Patients with chronic renal failure (males aged 35 to 70) who participated in this study were maintained on hemodialysis 3 times/week, 4 hours each session. Dialyser membranes were 1.4 m² low flux Baxter. Duration of dialysis was more than 5 years for all patients Results: Our study revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between serum prolactin level and URR, i.e. the better the dialysis adequacy the less the serum prolactin level. Conclusion: As increasing dialysis adequacy would improve hyperparathyroidism, erythropoietin sensitivity and clearance of uremic toxins, this could all contribute to improved prolactin profile.

[Sameh Abou Zeid, Nevine Sherif, and Noha Elsheikh. Prolactin and adequacy of dialysis Cancer. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):53-55]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.08.

Keywords: Hyperprolactinemia, chronic renal failure, dialysis adequacy

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Bone remodeling regulated by long non-coding RNAs

Jianlong Gao* and Xijun Liu

People’s hospital, Jianhu County, Jiangsu province, China

15298570305@163.com

Abstract: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNA molecules in metazoan genome and might play widespread roles in gene regulation and other cellular processes. This review will highlight our current understanding of lncRNA biology, mechanisms of action, and summarize recent work on the role of lncRNAs including lncRNA ANCR in bone remodeling. These studies epitomize emerging importance of lncRNAs in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation and function, indicating new potential targets for bone wound healing.

[Gao J and Liu XJ. Bone remodeling regulated by long non-coding RNAs. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):56-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.09.

Keywords: bone remodeling, bone metabolism, osteoblast differentiation, long noncoding RNAs, lncRNA-ANCR, MEG3

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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies among attendees of two health facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Okonko IO^1*, Barine, BM² and Leera Solomon³

¹Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

³Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology, Rivers State College of Arts and Science, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

^*Corresponding author’s: E-mail: Iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng; Tel.: +2348035380891

Abstract: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies among attendees of two health facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria was investigated. The study population consisted of 100 patients in the ratio of 0.5 from each hospital. Helicobacter pylori rapid test kit (ANTI-HP Rapid) was used for the detection of antibodies to H. pylori in serum of the participants. Questionnaires containing information about their age, sex and marital status were employed. Among 100 participants who enrolled in the study, 44.0% were H. pylori positive. The study showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the rate of H. pylori infection among patients in the two hospitals (BMSH and UPMC) studied. This shows that the infection is predominant in the area irrespective of location. The prevalence reached a peak at the age of 19–37 years (57.4%), females (44.8%) and married subjects (56.5%). The study revealed no significant difference (p>0.5) between sexes, though females (44.8) had a higher H. pylori infection rate than males (42.9%). However, age and being married were the independent predictors for H. pylori infection in this study, as low prevalence was observed in children 0-18 years (23.0%) than in adults 19-37 years of age (57.4%) and there was a slight increase in prevalence of H. pylori  infection among the married class (56.5%) than the unmarried class (40.3%). Port Harcourt had a high prevalence of H. pylori infection and was related to age and marital status. The underlying mechanisms are needed to be further evaluated. [Okonko IO, Barine BM and Solomon L. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies among attendees of two health facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):60-63]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.10.

Keywords: Antibodies, Helicobacter pylori, Prevalence, Nigeria

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Development of Semi - Automated Portable Box Poultry Brooder

Adewumi, Idowu Olugbenga

Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture, P.M.B 5029 Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

adewumiio@fcaib.edu.ng, adexio2010@gmail.com

Abstract: Brooding is the period immediately after hatching when special care attention must be given to chicks to ensure their health and survival and the process by which heat is supplied to newly hatched chicks, until such time that their thermo-regulatory mechanism is functional. The objective of this research work is to make use of locally available materials to construct an automated poultry brooding system and to test the constructed brooder. The brooder was constructed in a symmetrical two sided roof (gambrel roof) structure of height 87cm, width 62cm, and breath of 62cm. Programmable Logical Controller was used as an environmental controller in order to direct the heater and humidifier in order to control the environment. The result of the tested brooder gives us an efficiency of 84.5% making use of the observed maximum temperature of the brooder. Therefore the brooder was constructed in a portable form for ease of handling and to help farmers brood their chicks.

[Adewumi, Idowu Olugbenga. Development of Semi - Automated Portable Box Poultry Brooder. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):64-71]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.11.

Keywords: Poultry, Box-Brooder, Semi-Automated, PLC

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Do Behavioral Finance Factors influence Stock Investment Decisions of Individual Investors?

(Evidences from Saudi Stock Market)

Talal Alquraan¹ (Corresponding Author), Ahmad Alqisie², Amjad Al Shorafa³

¹Faculty of Business and Finance, World Islamic Sciences and Education University, P.O. Box 1101 – Amman, 11947 Jordan

Tel: 962-79-5656606 E-mail: tqurran@yahoo.com

²Faculty of Business and Finance, World Islamic Sciences and Education University, P.O. Box 1101 – Amman, 11947 Jordan

E-mail: Ahmadalqisie@yahoo.com

³College of Business Administration CBA, Almajmaa University, P.O. Box 66-Almajmaa, 11952 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

E-mail: ashorafa@yahoo.com

Abstract: The main objective of this study is exploring the behavioral finance factors influencing the stock investment decision of individual investors at Saudi Stock Market as one of the vital emerging markets in the Middle East. To conduct the study, (140) questionnaire has been distributed to the participants on randomly basis. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test the validity of the instrument, in addition Multiple Linear Regression and ANOVA methods were used to test the hypotheses. Results of the study indicated that, behavioral finance factors (Loss Averse, Overconfidence and Risk Perception) have significant effect on the stock investment decisions of individual investors in Saudi Stock Market, while Herd has insignificant effect. The demographic variables (Gender, Age, Education, Income and Experience) don’t make any significant differences in the investor decision, except the demographic variable (Education) make significant differences in the investor decision.

[Talal Alquraan, Ahmad Alqisie, Amjad Al Shorafa. Do Behavioral Finance Factors influence Stock Investment Decisions of Individual Investors?(Evidences from Saudi Stock Market). J Am Sci 2016;12(9):72-82]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.12.

Keywords: Behavioral Finance, Classical Finance, Investment Decisions, Individual Investors, Saudi Stock Marke.

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Enhancing Nutritional Values Of Oilseed Crops Through Genetic Engineering

Saima Iram¹, Rabia Rehman¹, Maryam Khalid¹, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa²*, Ejaz-ul-Hasan² and Tariq Mahmood²

¹Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Directorate of Oilseeds, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding Author’s Email: saadpbg@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to emphasize the use of genetic engineering to improve the oil quality in oilseed crops. Genetic engineering is a powerful tool to enhance the nutritive values of oilseed crops. Naturally the nutrition decreases due to constant growing of the different crops on the same land. The need is to adopt modern techniques that are less time consuming and give the best results. Different genetic engineering techniques like hairpin mediated transformation, gene silencing, Agrobacterium mediated transformation, somatic hybridization are very helpful in transforming the genetic makeup according to our own need. Plant oils are considered beneficial when the level of Erucic acid and Glucosinolates is low. This becomes possible through adopting the modern techniques of genetic engineering. Major oilseed crops like cotton, canola, soybean, sunflower need few genetic modifications to enhance their oil quality. The main concern is to introduce such genes which can add to its value. Through the help of biotechnology, we are able to decrease the gossypol level in cotton seeds and not in the leaves which is the remarkable work of biotechnology. Tph1, tph2 and o1 genes are introduced in sunflower to enhance Tocopherol level, which is useful to maintain oil stability. Such as LPAT gene introduction in soybean helps to enhance oil contents. Increase in soybean biodiesel production is also achieved by genetic engineering. Gene silencing also plays a major role to enhance stability of oils by minimizing linolenic acid level.

[Saima Iram, Rabia Rehman, Maryam Khalid, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa, Ejaz-ul-Hasan and Tariq Mahmood. Enhancing Nutritional Values Of Oilseed Crops Through Genetic Engineering. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):83-88]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.13.

Keywords: Agro-bacterium mediated, Genetic modification, Gene silencing, Hair pin mediated, Somatic hybridization.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Aloe vera

¹J.Ladan, ²B.T.Thomas, ¹Q.C.Ogueri and ³O.A Oso

¹Department of Disease Control and Immunization, National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja

²Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria

³Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria

benthoa2013@gmail.com

Abstract: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Aloe vera using standard techniques. Results obtained revealed reasonable antimicrobial activities on the tested organisms to varying zones of inhibition. The activities however were found to be concentration dependent while no apparent statistical disparity was observed with the different extracting solvents (tvalue = 0.88, p>0.05). The minimum inhibitory dilution of both extracts range from 25-100mg/ml. It can thus be inferred that the tested Aloe vera has good antimicrobial properties.

[J.Ladan, B.T.Thomas, Q.C.Ogueri and O.A Oso. Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Aloe vera. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):89-93]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.14.

Keywords: Aloe vera, antimicrobial, Microorganisms.

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Auditors expectations gap as a mediator in the relationship between accounting work experience related to loan officers, loan officers work experience job-related and quality of decision

Alborz Abbasi ^1-, Arezo Shishe Bor ² (corresponding author)

^1-department of Accounting, Yazd science and research branch, Islamic Azad university, Yazd, Iran.

^2-department of Accounting, Yazd branch, Islamic Azad university, Yazd, Iran.

mohsen8203934@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate auditor’s expectations gap as the intermediary in the relationship between work experiences related to loan officers accounting and work experience related to loan officer’s job, decision making quality. This is a correlative survey study and has an applied purpose. The population of study is consisted of audit institutions and banks in Yazd province and the sample size was 310 participants. This study used random sampling method for sampling. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. The hypotheses were investigated using SPSS software. The results show that work experience of financial suppliers will influence on the loan decision making quality through auditor’s expectations gap. Work experience related to the supplier job will effect on the loan decision making quality through auditor’s expectations gap.

[Alborz Abbasi, Arezo Shishe Bor. Auditors expectations gap as a mediator in the relationship between accounting work experience related to loan officers, loan officers work experience job-related and quality of decision. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):94-97]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.15.

Keywords: Audit expectations gap, financial suppliers, expectations gap

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Critical Appraisal of a Qualitative Research: “Relatives’ Involvement in Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study Describing Critical Care Nurses’ Experiences”

Ahmad M. Saleh

Clinical Instructor, Department for Continuing Education, Al Khalidi Hospital & Medical Center, Amman, Jordan

al_raminy@yahoo.com

Abstract: The critique of research studies is an essential process that helps us in the synthesis of knowledge to use it in conducting new research or to use in practice. In the current paper, author critiques a qualitative research entitled “Relatives’ involvement in nursing care: A qualitative study describing critical care nurses” (Engstrom, Uusitalo, & Engstrom, 2011) for educational purposes. There are many benefits of research critique includes but not limited to broaden understanding of studies carried by scholars, summarize knowledge for using in practice, provide a knowledge base to conduct a new study and to determine the strengths and limitations of a qualitative research study. The following critique will be guided through criteria which are presented at the end of the article.

[Saleh AM. Relatives’ Involvement in Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study Describing Critical Care Nurses’ Experiences: Critical Appraisal. J Am Sci 2016;12(09):98-103]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.16.

Keywords: Critical Appraisal; Qualitative Research; Research critique

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Review: Egyptian Experience in Controlling Aquatic Weeds

Salwa M. Abou El Ella and Tarek A. El Samman

Channel Maintenance Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Delta Barrage P.O. Box 13621, Egypt. salwaabouelella@yahoo.comtareksamman@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aquatic plants are considered nuisances when excessive growth interferes with desired water uses, including human health. The establishment of Aswan High Dam in the southern part of the River Nile in Egypt has many side effects. The aquatic macrophyte vegetation is growing so rapidly and densely that it represents an acute problem. The problems created by the hydrophytes are many such as, constituting a health hazard by providing mosquitoes larvae with an ideal breeding place, causing oxygen depletion, interfering with navigation, obstructing drainage and flow of water in irrigation canals, decreasing phytoplankton production, polluting water supplies, increasing sedimentation by trapping silt particles and causing loss of water through evapotranspiration and decrease the hydraulic efficiency of open channels infested by aquatic weeds. There are four main methods used to control aquatic weeds, in addition integrated weed control: manual methods; mechanical method; physical method; biological method and Integrated weed control. The objective of this paper is to present the Egyptian Experience that was gained through researches in order to be implemented in the field of control aquatic weed by using biological method (grass carp).

[Salwa M. Abou El Ellaand Tarek A. El Samman. Review: Egyptian Experience in Controlling Aquatic Weeds. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):104-115]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 17. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.17.

Keywords: Aquatic weed management -biological – manual – mechanical- physical.

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Significance of Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein after Coronary Angiography for Early detection of Acute Kidney Injury in Diabetics with normal Renal Angiography

Yasser Abdelgaleel Omar

Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a complex syndrome of acute renal failure occurring after the administration of iodinated contrast media. Patients with diabetes mellitus often require coronary angiography and coronary intervention and are at risk of CI-AKI. The small changes in serum creatinine (SCr) may be associated with poor outcomes and severe AKI so the performance of urinary L-FABP which is a 14-kDa protein expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells as an early detection marker of CI-AKI has shown promise in various clinical settings. We tested the hypothesis whether L-FABP could represent an early biomarker of CIN in diabetic patients with normal serum creatinine undergoing cardiac catheterization in comparison with non-diabetic patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to prospectively assess specificity and sensitivity of L-FABP as a renal biomarker for quick detection of contrast induced nephropathy in diabetic and non-diabetic patients scheduled for coronary angiography. Methods: The present study was conducted on 84 patients admitted to Al-Taiseir international hospital with coronary artery disease and subjected to coronary angiography in cardiac catheterization unit. Patients classified into two groups diabetic and non-diabetic and then sub classified according to the RIFLE criteria on a day-to-day basis according to their worst creatinine and/or lowest urine output. Risk factors were evaluated for CIN, including: Patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertensions, dyslipidemia and ischemic heart disease. The L-FABP was studied for early prediction of acute kidney injury before and after coronary angiography. Results: After coronary angiography mean serum creatinine was increased (p value < 0.006). The mean creatinine clearance was reduced in our patients after usage of contrast (p value < 0.000). Mean L-FABP significantly increased 4 hours after coronary angiography and the sensitivity of L-FABP to CIN is 86% while specificity is 93% (with an AUC-ROC of 0.95) without significant difference in diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Conclusion: This study showed the importance of urinary L-FABP levels in quick detection of AKI associated with contrast administration earlier than serum creatinine after coronary angiography with similar prevalence of CIN in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The sensitivity of L-FABP to CIN is 86% and specificity is 93%.

[Yasser Abdelgaleel Omar. Significance of Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein after Coronary Angiography for Early detection of Acute Kidney Injury in Diabetics with normal Renal Angiography. J Am Sci 2016;12(9):116-122]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 18. doi:10.7537/marsjas120916.18.

Key words: Acute kidney injury, L-FABP, CIN, Coronary angiography

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