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Impact of Diode Laser Versus Sclerotherapy in Treatment of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma

Mohamed Zaghlool Amer, Hamdy Abdelmageed Marzouk and Ibrahim Mohamed Elsharabasy

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

ibrahimelsharabasy@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: Recurrence and Bleeding susceptibility represent common complications following excision of pyogenic granuloma utilizing different surgical techniques. This study was conducted to compare clinical outcomes following diode laser excision versus Sclerotherapy in treatment of pyogenic granuloma. Methods and materials: Sixteen patients of oral pyogenic granuloma with size ≥2cm in one of its dimensions were divided randomly into two equal groups. The 1^st group was treated by diode laser excision. While, 2^nd group was treated by 3.75% ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy on weekly injection visits. Patients of both groups were evaluated intraoperatively for bleeding severity and postoperatively in terms of pain at the 1^st and 7^th day and swelling at the 2^nd and 7^th day. Healing time, quality and the overall treatment time were assessed. Results: No statistical significant difference was recorded between groups regarding intraoperative bleeding (P=0.457) and postoperative pain either at 1^st and 7^th days (P=0.708-0.440-0.356-0.143-0.193-0.294-0.544-0.593). While, a statistical significant difference was recorded between postoperative swelling at the 2^nd day following the first injection visit in sclerotherapy treated group and postoperative swelling of the laser treated group at the 2^nd day (P=0.007). A statistical significant difference was recorded between both groups regarding healing time of the residual ulcer and the overall treatment time (P=0.041-0.033 respectively). Conclusions: Although, treatment of pyogenic granuloma using diode laser is reliable and less invasive, it is relatively sensitive technique. On the other hand, ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy proved to be safer, easier and minimally invasive with less complications especially, when treatment longevity is not a concern.

[Mohamed Zaghlool Amer, Hamdy Abdelmageed Marzouk and Ibrahim Mohamed Elsharabasy. Impact of Diode Laser Versus Sclerotherapy in Treatment of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):1-8]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.01.

Keywords: Char, Diode laser, Ethanolamine oleate, Pyogenic granuloma, Sclerotherapy, ulcer

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Irreversible Aplastic Anemia secondary to Dengue Fever, Case report and review of literature

Yahya Elficki¹, Saeed ElAmoody², Amena Saad Alkhateeb³, Zena Maasarji⁴, Faris Assem Al-Radi⁵, Marwan Fayez Rajab⁶

¹ Consultant Internal Medicine, King Abdul Azziz Hospital, KSA.

² Senior Consultant Hematology, King Abdul Azziz Hospital, KSA.

³Research Assistant and Coordinator, Ibn Sina National College, KSA

⁴ Research Assistant and Coordinator, Ibn Sina National College, KSA

⁵Research Assistant and Coordinator, Ibn Sina National College. KSA

⁶ Research Assistant and Coordinator, King Abdul Azziz Hospital, KSA.

profelficki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aplastic anemia is a syndrome of bone marrow failure characterized by complete or partial disappearance of hematopoietic tissue without abnormal cellular proliferation. This is a rare complication of infections, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and other arboviruses. Dengue fever has rarely been reported as an etiology for aplastic anemia. A 55 years old male patient presented with severe persistent pancytopenia and transfusions dependence for one year after infection with dengue hemorrhagic fever, diagnosis was confirmed as aplastic anemia, Our late management with corticosteroids, Gamma Globulins, and cyclosporine were ineffective, the only remaining option after that longstanding complication was Allogenic bone marrow transplantation which managed to induce complete remission. Dengue virus induced aplastic anemia is a rare entity, but it must be immediately identified for better outcome. Immunosuppressive therapy can induce remission if given early at the course of illness and spares the need for HLA matched bone marrow transplant.

[Yahya Elficki, Saeed ElAmoody, Amena Saad Alkhateeb, Zena Maasarji, Faris Assem Al-Radi, Marwan Fayez Rajab. Irreversible Aplastic Anemia secondary to Dengue Fever, Case report and review of literature. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):9-12]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.02.

Key words: Aplastic Anemia, Dengue Fever, immunosupressive therapy

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Morphohistological study of the tongue in local mice species by using special stain

Dr. Shrmean Abdulla Abd AL-Rhman ¹, Azhar Rahem Hussen ¹, Antihab Hameed Abed ¹

¹ Department of biology, College of Education for pure science (Ibn Al-Haithum), University of Baghdad \ Iraq

sharmeen.abdullah15@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study of tongue in adult healthy males local mice Mus musculus included the morphological description and histoarchitecture at the light microscopic level by using Periodic Acid Schif Reagent (PAS) stain method. The results revealed that the tongue appeared as elongated slender organ with rounded bisected anterior end and had three parts: rostral rounded bisected part (apex), wide long and bisected middle part (body) and caudal part (root). The dorsal surface of the tongue was rough with the presence of deep median groove. An elevated rounded torus linguae found on the posterior third of the dorsal surface of the tongue. The microscopic examination revealed that the central core of the tongue was occupied by two main groups of the middle vertical muscle fibers, oblique muscle fibers interwoven with the superior and inferior longitudinal muscle fibers and three parts of transverse blocks of muscle fibers, encircled by the oral mucosa. The collagenous fibers of the lamina propria appeared as a distinct rings surronds the muscle fibers fasciculi. Five types of lingual papillae [filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, conical and lenticular papillae] with different density and shape covered the whole dorsal surface of the tongue The filiform papillae were the narrowest and the most numerous of all lingual papillae, they appeared at three shapes,the long fork shaped; bristle like shaped and short cone shaped filiform papillae. The fungiform papillae were fewer and wider than the filiform papillae and they were scattered randomely among them.One circumvallate papillae was found on the front of the root part of the tongue. The conical papillae distributed on both sides of the torus linguae, they had conical shaped and the epithelial covering was heavy keratinized stratified squamous epithelium containing no taste buds. The lenticular papillae were found in the middle regions of the torus linguae, they were smaller than the conical papillae, and the epithelial covering was heavy keratinized stratified squamous epithelium containing no taste buds.

[Abd AL-Rhman S A, Hussen A R, Abed A H. Morphohistological study of the tongue in local mice species by using special stain. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):13-20]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.03.

Keywords: Tongue, local mice, Histoarchitecture

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Removal of Toxic Phenol from Aqueous System by Rice Strew

Shreen, S. Ahmed¹, Howida, M. Bahgat^1, Ashraf, H. Fahmy², Ibrahim, El-Tantawy El-Sayed³

¹ Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt

²Plant Genetic Transformation Department Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute

³Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Egypt

‫ ‫ howida.magdy55@yahoo.com

Abstract: Phenolic compounds are common contaminants in wastewater and suspected as toxic and carcinogenic. The potential of employing rice strew for phenol adsorption from aqueous solution was studied. The adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution on rice strew was examined by optimizing various physicochemical parameters such as; pH, contact time, and the amount of adsorbent and ambient temperature. Data observed that, with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L phenol and pH 3.0, the maximum removal was found to be about 94.15% with 5.0 gm rice strew. The removal of phenol decreases with increasing the solution pH value. The Langmuir model was used for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium and it was found that the experimental data fitted very well to the Langmuir model. The studies showed that the rice strew can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for removal of phenols from water and wastewater.

[Shreen, S. Ahmed, Howida, M. Bahgat, Ashraf, H. Fahmy, Ibrahim, El-Tantawy El-Sayed. Removal of Toxic Phenol from Aqueous System by Rice Strew. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):21-28]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.04.

Keywords: toxics; phenol; removal; wastewater treatment; rice strew

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Climate change vulnerability index and multi-criteria ranking approach for assessing the vulnerability to climate change: case study Egypt

Inas El Gafy¹ and Neil Grigg²

¹Strategic Research Unit, National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation Egypt

2Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

inaa_2r@yahoo.com; neilg@engr.colostate.edu

Abstract: As a cross-cutting issue, climate change is increasingly recognized as an important factor in development-oriented planning and decision-making. Assessing vulnerability to climate change at different scales is therefore an essential step in the assembly of baseline information to support policy development and strategic planning. Climate change is critical event that will affect people at the local scale. Thus, to plan adaptation strategies, it is essential to identify and rank the vulnerable areas to apply climate adaptation actions on priority basis. This study demonstrates how to use a climate change vulnerability index and multi-criteria analysis to rank the vulnerability to climate change at local scale. It was applied to the governorates in Egypt, where there are many concerns regarding the impact of climate change. The assessment was carried out by overlaying climate risk, exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity following the vulnerability assessment framework of the IPCC. The key indicators of the climate change vulnerability index and their weights were determined by applying the Delphi process. Based on amalgamation of the results, the Egyptian governorates were ranked according their vulnerability to climate change for targeting adaptation planning and decision making.

[Inas El Gafyand Neil Grigg. Climate change vulnerability index and multi-criteria ranking approach for assessing the vulnerability to climate change: case study Egypt. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):29-40]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.05.

Keywords: climate change, vulnerability, index, multi-criteria

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Evaluation of the role of Immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease

Rofyda E Elhalaby, Radwa M. Oreiby, Eiman A Hasby, Fersan A Sallam

Pathology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt

radwaoreby11@gmail.com

Abstract: Hirschsprung’s disease is one of the most common and problematic infancy and childhood maladies. Early and accurate diagnosis is a fundamental step in proper management and prevention of complications. The most reliable method for diagnosis is the histopathological analysis of rectal biopsies and the typical finding of Hirschsprung’s disease is the absence of ganglion cells. It is well known that the identification of ganglion cells in conventional Hematoxylin and Eosin stainedbiopsies can be very difficult and is greatly laden with various technical and interpretive challenges andlimitations. Aim of this study: was to assess the diagnostic value of Calretinin and Neuron Specific Enolase immunochemistry as a panel for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease. Materials and Methods: the study included a total of 41 cases. Specimens included both rectal biopsies and colectomies. Calretinin and NSE immunohistochemistry was carried out on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded specimens after routine histopathological examination, the pattern of expression was observed and the results were statistically analyzed in comparison with the standard method (H & E). Results: 10 cases (9 rectal biopsies and the proximal end of 1 colectomy) were considered ambiguous with H&E because the presence or absence of ganglion cells could not be confirmed in these cases and they were considered to be equivocal. Calretinin and NSE detected the presence of ganglion cells in 7 of these cases and denied the presence of ganglion cells in the remaining 3, therefore undoubtedly establishing the diagnosis in these problematic cases. In the rest of the cases, Calretinin and NSE were consistent with the H&E findings. NSE highlighted nerves of all calibers in all cases and after measuring the nerves thicknesses and densities of distribution in ganglionic and aganglionic bowels we found that nerves were much thicker and the density of their distribution was much higher with statistically significant values in the aganglionic compared to the ganglionic bowels. Conclusion: Calretinin is an excellent tool in the diagnostic work up of Hirschsprung’s disease. It can efficiently prove or exclude the presence of ganglion cells thus establishing the diagnosis. The staining pattern is straight forward either positive or negative therefore it was fairly easy to interpret. NSE is a useful tool in the diagnostic process as well through detection of ganglion cells and more importantly through providing the chance to study and compare the innervation patterns of the healthy and diseased intestines.

[Rofyda E Elhalaby, Radwa M. Oreiby, Eiman A Hasby, Fersan A Sallam. Evaluation of the role of Immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):41-50]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.06.

Keywords: Hirschsprung disease; calretinin; rectal biopsy

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Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance profile of Escherichia coli from Food Producing Animals from Southwest Nigeria.

Elizabeth Adesola Amosun^1*, Isaac Olufemi Olatoye^2,3

¹Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

³Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, USA

*Corresponding author: elizabethamosun@yahoo.com +23455123892; +12178199711

Abstract: The global menace of superbugs is a major challenge to human and animal health with food animals as major vehicles in the spread of resistance genes via the food chain. Chicken and cattle were sampled in Ibadan, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli. Raw milk samples were from 70 cattle, faecal samples from another 70 cattle and 50 cloaca swabs from free-range chickens were randomly collected for this study. E. coli isolates were confirmed by PCR method following DNA extraction using β-d-glucuronidase-encoding gene uidA primer.A 352 base pair (bp) specific product was amplified from all of the E. coli tested (n= 26 from milk; n= 60 from fecal, and n= 10 from cloaca) and these were tested for susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents. Forty-one (42.7%) were sensitive to all the nine antimicrobial agents while the remaining 55 (57.3%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Twenty-five unique resistant patterns were detected. This study indicated prevalence of resistant E. coli in food animals with or without antibiotic treatment history. Acquisition and spread of resistance factors could be due to misuse of antibiotic agents or through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). There is need for national surveillance, monitoring and control of distribution and diversity of foodborne resistance bacteria.

[Elizabeth Adesola Amosun, Isaac Olufemi Olatoye. Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance profile of Escherichia coli from Food Producing Animals from Southwest Nigeria. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):51-56]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.07.

Key words: Escherichia coli, antimicrobial resistance, food animal, Nigeria

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Ruptured primary hepatic yolk sac tumor, a case report of unusual presentation and 3 years follow up

Dr. Ahmed A. Alhumaid

College of Medicine, AlQassim University, KSA.

Email: dr.alhumaidd@gmail.com

Abstract: Endodermal sinus tumor (EST), also known as yolk sac tumor (YST), is a member of the germ cell tumor group of cancers. Primary yolk sac tumour of the liver is extremely rare, and when it occurs in a young child it can be confused with hepatoblastoma. A 27-year-old woman presented with a liver mass and histological examination of the tumor revealed the morphological and immunohistochemical features of a yolk sac tumour. There was no evidence of an extrahepatic primary source. Neoadjuvent chemotherapy was conducted and upon first cycle tumor get ruptured and underwent debulking. Three line of chemotherapy used to achieve radiological and laboratory control.

[Ahmed A. Alhumaid. Ruptured primary hepatic yolk sac tumor, a case report of unusual presentation and 3 years follow up. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):57-59]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.08.

Key words: Endodermal, Tumour, Hypochonralarea and Hepatomegaly

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Increasing economic returns for sugar cane crop by development irrigation system (gated pipes) in Egypt

Hassan A. Abdel-Raheem¹, Tarek Ali Ahmed² and Yasser Ahmed Ali¹

¹Water Management Research Institute (WMRI), National Water Research Centre (NWRC), Egypt

²Agriculture Research Centre, Agriculture Economic Institute, Egypt

dr.hassanahmed_999@yahoo.com

Abstract: Egypt is facing the steady increase of its population and in the mean time, it facing the stability of both agricultural areas and available water supply, this fact caused the increase of the food gap between its production and consumption. Therefore, the state is considering carrying out horizontal expansion programs in order to add new areas to the current agricultural areas under the current limited water. Therefore using development irrigation system by gated pipes is considered one of the most important aimed methods for all field crops, especially crops consuming water with a high degree, including the sugar cane crop in Egypt. So two field experiments were carried out at different three regions in the texture soils and weather conditions (El Minia region - middle Egypt, (Luxor region – at beginning upper Egypt) and (Aswan region - at the end of upper Egypt) during seasons 2015 and 2016 seasons. The present research was carried out to evaluated and compare (from view point of water and economic) development irrigation system by gated pipes with common conventional irrigation system which practiced in these regions for sugar can crop (Saccharum officinarum L.) Four treatments were arranged in a spilt-plot design. Two of them system irrigation (surface irrigation & development irrigation system by gated pipes) and the others planting methods (furrows & beds). The results also indicated from view point of economic the highest values of field water use efficiencies (7.56, 6.21 and 4.81 kg/m³) were obtained from using the treatment A₂b₂ (gated pipe in beds) in each region El Minia, Luxor and Aswan respectively. The highest values of total income, production, financial benefits (L.E/ area), net return of each and water irrigation (L.E /m3) and economic efficiency were gained with it for all regions. Therefore, the economics of irrigation water becomes very important for planting irrigation management project where the over irrigation practices by farmers usually lead to low irrigation efficiency, water logging and high losses of water. It could be recommended to application gated pipes in beds to produce high yield with less amount of water applied which led to maximize the economic returns of the sugar cane crop under the three different regions of the climatic conditions in and texture soils in Egypt.

[Hassan A. Abdel-Raheem, Tarek Ali Ahmed and Yasser Ahmed Ali. Increasing economic returns for sugar cane crop by development irrigation system (gated pipes) in Egypt. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):60-68]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.09.

Keywords: economic return; sugar cane; crop; irrigation system; gated pipe; Egypt

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Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Celecoxib Buccoadhesive Tablets

Sayed M. Ahmed, Eman M. Samy, Mahrous O. Ahmed, Niveen G. El-gendy

Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt.

Email: dr.niveenelgendy@hotmail.com

Abstract: Celecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme type II (COX-2 inhibitor) and commonly prescribed in dental practice for management of pain, swellings and inflammation. Recently, celecoxib showed a promising anticancer activity in different tumor types. It has a poor aqueous solubility and release rate that limits its absorption and bioavailability. The aim of the work is to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Celecoxib using dimethyl beta cyclodextrine (DM-b-CD) and to develop bioadhesivebuccal tablets using various suitable bioadhesive polymers to reduce dose dependent side effects and frequency of administration of the drug. Physical mixtures, coevaporates and cogroundmixtures of clecoxib with DM-b-CD (1:1 molar ratio) were prepared and Characterization of the prepared systems were performed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray Diffractometry (P-XR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Controlled-release buccoadhesive tablets were prepared by adding of different types of bioadhesive polymers to Celecoxib / DM-b-CD coevaporate system (which gave the highest release rate of the drug) using direct compression technique. Different water soluble polymers carbopol974P (CP974), hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose 15000 (HPM 15000), sodium alginate (NaAlg) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC)) or their combinations were used. The prepared celecoxibbuccoadhesive tablets had acceptable physical parameters, such as hardness, swelling behavior, bioadhesive strength and surface pH. The buccoadhesive tablet containing celecoxib / DM-b-CD coevaporates with polymer mixture of; HPMC: SCMC (1:3 weight ratio) showed the most suitable release rate and properties for adhesion to the buccal mucosal membrane.

[Sayed M. Ahmed, Eman M. Samy, Mahrous O. Ahmed, Niveen G. El-gendy. Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Celecoxib Buccoadhesive Tablets. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):69-77]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.10.

Key words: Celecoxib, Buccoadhesive tablets, DM-b-CD, Cp974P, HPMC, SCMC

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Effect of carbonated soft drinks consumption on the bone of Wistar albino rat: A histomorphometric study

Azza I. Farag, Marwa M. Ahmad, Gamal H. Hassanein

Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,44519, Egypt

gamalhs@hotmail.com

Abstract: The negative effects of Coca Cola^® and Seven-Up^® on the bone were studied in adult Winstar albino rats (n=30). The animals were randomly divided according to the type of their drink into 3 equal groups (n=10; 5 males and 5 females); control group maintained on tap water, cola consumption group maintained on Coca Cola and non-cola consumption group maintained on Seven-Up. In cola consumption group both sexes showed a significantly higher thickness in cortical bone than those of control and non-cola consumption groups respectively. The thickness in females of cola consumption group was significantly higher than the males, whereas in non-cola consumption group the thickness was significantly higher in males. Cola and non-cola consumption groups showed a significantly lower trabecular bone percentages in both sexes than those of control group. The trabecular bone percentage in males of cola and non-cola consumption groups was significantly lower than in females. Therefore, CSDs adversely affected the cortical and trabecular bone, with more effect in males, particularly with Cola consumption. The consumption of these beverages would be a risk factor of osteoporosis and must be reduced as much as possible.

[Farag AI, Ahmad MM, Hassanein GH. Effect of carbonated soft drinks consumption on the bone of Wistar albino rat: A histomorphometric study. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):78-84]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.11.

Keywords: Carbonated soft drinks; CSD; cola versus bone; cortical bone; trabecular bone, albino rat, femur

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Long Term Measurements Of Ambient Air Pollutants Near A Developing Industrial Township Of District Haridwar, India

Sadhna Awasthi, P. C. Joshi, Chhavi P. Pandey¹, Narendra Singh², Hemwati Nandan³

Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India -249404

¹Department of Physics, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India-249404

²Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Manora Peak, Nainital, India -263002

³Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India -249404

Phone: +91-9012677665; E-mail: *sadhnaawasthi02@gmail.com, prakash127@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of present investigation is to elucidate the persistent increase in the concentration of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in an area fastly developing as industrial belt in district Haridwar after development of State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand (SIDCUL) in 2002. An attempt is made to analyze the increase in the level of ambient air pollutants such as suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) and the concentration of gaseous pollutants (SO₂ and NO_X), during a period of six consecutive years (2003-2009) at Bahadarabad, this area is located in close vicinity of Haridwar city on Delhi-Haridwar National Highway (NH-58) in Uttarakhand. The concentration of these parameters is found to increase significantly by manifold over a period of six years of measurements. The concentrations of SPM and RSPM are compared with the concentration of gaseous pollutants SO₂ and NO_X. A detailed statistical analysis has been carried out on the basis of monthly average values of the observed pollutants and it is observed that the SPM and RSPM show significant positive correlation with SO₂ and NO_x concentration. The values of correlation coefficient for all possible correlations among the particulate matter and the gaseous pollutants are found to be in the range 0.86 to 0.77.

[Sadhna Awasthi, P. C. Joshi, Chhavi P. Pandey, Narendra Singh, Hemwati Nandan. Long Term Measurements Of Ambient Air Pollutants Near A Developing Industrial Township Of District Haridwar, India. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):85-91]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.12.

Keywords: Gaseous pollutants (GPs), Particulate Matter (PM), Industrial Emissions, Statistical Analysis.

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Multislice CT Angiography Assessment of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patients

Esam M. Hemat¹; El-Sayed H. Zidan¹; Ahmed A. Ismail¹ and Wael A. Khalil²

¹Radiology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

²Cardiology departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

esamhemat@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to use multi-detector computed tomography coronary angiography (MDCT-CA) for assessment of coronary bypass grafts (CABG), distal runoffs and coronary native arteries. Methods: 128 multislice CT-CA was performed for 30 patients (28 men with a mean age 66.6 ± 13.2 years and 2 women with a mean age 58.5 ± 12 years), post-CABG patients. The mean passed time from CABG surgery to multislice CTA was 5.2 ± 4.8 yrs. The mean heart rate during CTA examination was 64.5 ± 13.2 beats / min. Significant stenosis was determined as ≥50% lumen narrowing. Results: An overall accuracy of MDCT-CA to detect or exclude a significant stenosis on a segment-per-segment analysis was 100%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MDCT-CA in detection of a remarkable stenosis were 95%, 98%, 97%, 99% in distal runoffs respectively; 99%, 97%, 98%, 100% in bypass grafts respectively; and 95%, 93%, 84%, 97% in native coronary arteries, respectively. Conclusions: Multislice CT coronary angiography is a potentially safe, non-invasive and valuable modality in assessment of coronary bypass grafts in post-CABG patients, and can replace conventional coronary angiography as a follow up imaging modality for post-CABG symptomatic patients.

[Esam M. Hemat; El-Sayed H. Zidan; Ahmed A. Ismail and Wael A. Khalil. Multislice CT Angiography Assessment of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patients. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):92-98]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.13.

Keywords: Coronary disease; Coronary bypass grafts; MDCT angiography; Post-CABG

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Electrocardiographic changes in chronic hemodialysis children at Sohag university hospital.

Montaser Mohamed Mohamed¹;Rasha Abd Elhameed Ali²; and Shaimaa Mohamed Mahmoud¹

¹Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt

²Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt

rashaali815@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality among patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). 30% of the deaths in these patients are due to cardiac arrest, death of unknown cause or cardiac arrhythmia. The increasing time of ventricular depolarization and repolarization, measured by QT interval duration on the electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest, has emerged as a predictor of complex ventricular arrhythmias. Objectives: To determine ECG alterations in chronic (HD) children before and after HD. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Pediatric HD unit of Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, 2016. Methods: after obtaining consents from all patients less than 18 years on dialysis, they were submitted to the examination of a 12-lead ECG: heart rate, QRS duration, QRS amplitude, T-wave amplitude and QT interval was measured 10 min pre and post-HD, and QT interval was corrected for heart rate using Bazett’s formula. Children were monitored during dialysis session by 3 leads ECG to detect any sustained arrhythmia. Main outcome measures: 12-lead electrocardiogram. Results: 20 patients on regular HD were included in the study. 75% of them were females; the average age was 12.9 (3.7) years old and 55% of all patients had QTc prolongation before dialysis. No significant QTc prolongation occurred after dialysis. HD leaded to a significant increase in the QRS explained by the decrease of the extracellular fluid and blood volume and hence a decrease of the cardiac preload. HD also decrease of the T-wave amplitude explained by potassium decrease during HD. PVCs observed in the ECG of 3 children after dialysis. No sustained arrhythmias occurred to our patients during dialysis sessions. Conclusion: children on chronic HD had high frequency of abnormal ECG findings, especially prolonged QTc interval. Limitation: the studied cohort was small that may weaken the statistical power of the study.

[Montaser Mohamed Mohamed; Rasha Abd Elhameed Ali and Shaimaa Mohamed Mahmoud. Electrocardiographic changes in chronic hemodialysis children at Sohag university hospital. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):99-104]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.14.

Key words: ECG, cardiac, hemodialysis.

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【J Am Sci 2016;12(8):105-113]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.15.

 Withdrawn

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Clinical Impact of Alveolar Socket Augmentation on Success of Delayed Immediate Implant

Mohamed Zaghlool Amer, Hamdy Abdelmageed Marzouk and Gamal Salim Abu Qatma

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.

jamal770@hotmail.com

Abstract: Problem statement: Benefits of grafting fresh alveolar socket as a pivotal step proceeding delayed immediate implants is still a point of controversy. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of immediate alveolar socket augmentation on delayed immediate implant success versus non grafted model. Patients and methods: Fifteen patients: 13 females and two male received sixteen dental implants were divided equally into two groups. In the 1^st group patients were received Bio-Oss Collagen graft after extraction of non-restorable maxillary bicuspids teeth while, in 2^nd group sockets where left to heal normally. In both groups, all implants were placed 6-8 weeks post-extraction, and were subjected to immediate loading. All patients were assessed clinically either at baseline (T0), 6 months (T1) and at 12 months (T2) of follow up regarding to Modified bleeding index, Modified plaque index, implant stability and radiographically for assessment of marginal bone level (MBL). Pink esthetic score was evaluated after one year from crown cementation. Results: No significant differences were recorded between both groups regarding to implant stability, Modified bleeding index and Modified plaque index either at (T0) or at (T1) and (T2) periods of follow up (P=0.999, 0.57, 0.232), (P=0.059, 0.602, 0.725), (P=0.429, 0.241, 0.215) respectively. Regarding PES there was no significant difference between both groups (p=1.000), after 1 year of follow up. No significant differences were recorded between both groups regarding to MBL either at 6 or 12 months (P=0.370, 0.149) respectively. Conclusions: Grafting fresh alveolar socket cannot be considered as a pivotal maneuver that can improve significantly the clinical outcomes associated with delayed immediate implants subjected to immediate loading.

[Mohamed ZaghloolAmer, Hamdy Abdelmageed Marzouk and Gamal Salim Abu Qatma. Clinical Impact of Alveolar Socket Augmentation on Success of Delayed Immediate Implant. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):114-121]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.16.

Key Words: Delayed immediate implant, immediate loading, implant stability, socket augmentation.

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Exploration of the incidence and response to needle stick injuries amid undergraduate dental students at University dental Hospital in Jeddah: hazard factors and prevention

Manal R Alammari

Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

malammari@kau.edu.sa

Abstract. Background: Hundreds of thousands of healthcare professionals (HCPs) endure vulnerable to fatal viruses throughout the year, including blood-borne pathogens (BBP). Needle stick injuries and sharp injury (NSSI) found to be one of the most common occupational health risks, due to their limited and constrained working area. Dental students are also at risk of such infections and injuries due to accidental infection during their hands-on working exposure. There is barely limited information regarding NSSI among dental students in Jeddah. Aim: to report the incidence of Needle stick and sharps injuries (NSSI) in academic year 2015-2016 to find the answer to some questions; Why needle stick and sharp injuries still happen among dental students, and why needle stick and sharp injuries are not reported instantly? As well as to ensure health, safety and to see if it follows faculty Policy which is consistent with international requirements. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted by a questionnaire based methodology. Consisted of twenty-seven questions, of tick box format divided by four sections; demographic items, frequency of sharp injuries, including number and environment, means that caused the injury secondly, reporting approach by monitoring all incidence of NSSI happened . Results: Response rate of 96.36% was achieved. From106 participants (91.7% females & 8.3%males) only 44% always refrain from using a two-hand technique when recap needles. All of the 106 were undergraduates’ dental students. 90.7% were Saudi dental students (DS). 66.7% in the age group of 20-22 year. Prevalence of Needle Stick Injury observed was 23.7%. 86.1 % of the undergraduate DS will do the right action immediately after needle prick or sharps injuries In addition, 49% get their information about health and safety from lectures. Conclusion: This study found that percutaneous injuries particularly needle-sticks among dental HCPs continue to occur. The knowledge and awareness of the dental students is inadequate. There is substantial difference in practice and management regarding BMW. There is a excessive necessity for continuing education and training programs to be conducted in dental curriculum.

[Manal R Alammari. Exploration of the incidence and response to needle stick injuries amid undergraduate dental students at University dental Hospital in Jeddah: hazard factors and prevention. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):122-130]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 17. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.17.

Key Words: Needle Stick Injury, sharps injuries, Blood Borne Diseases, dental students.

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Positioning and Early Mobilization: Effect of Educational Guidelines on Nurses’ performance and Stroke Patients’ Outcome

Naglaa Elsayed Mahdy, Yosreah Mohamed Mohamed and Lobna Mohamed Abu Nagm

Medical Surgical Nursing department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

dr_hager78@yahoo.com, dr_yosreah2011@yahoo.com, lobnaabunegm@yahoo.com

Abstract: Keeping the immobilized patient after stroke in the proper positions in bed and early mobilization remain important issues in a nursing care which are likely to lead to better patients’ outcomes. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the effect of educational guidelines intervention regarding positioning and early mobilization on nurses’ performance and stroke patients’ outcome. Subjects and Methods: Design: A quasi experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in Neurocritical Intensive Care Unit, Stroke Unit and General Intensive Care Unit at Bab Elsheria Hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 50 nurses and two purposive samples of stroke patients (25 patients were taken pre-guidelines intervention and 25 patients were post- guidelines intervention). Tools for data collection: A Self-administered structured Questionnaire, observational checklist and Patient assessment sheet. Results: There was a statistically significance differences between pre & post guidelines intervention regarding knowledge, practice and attitude of the studied nurses regarding positioning and early mobilization of stroke patients. While, there was no statistically significant difference between pre & post guidelines implementation regarding the stroke patients’ outcome. Conclusions: Educational guidelines were helpful on the improvement of the nurses' knowledge, practice and attitude regarding positioning and early mobilization of stroke patients. Recommendations: Periodic in service – training programs regarding positioning and early mobilization of stroke patients based on best practice guidelines for nurses caring for the stroke patients.

[Naglaa Elsayed Mahdy, Yosreah Mohamed Mohamed, and Lobna Mohamed Abu Nagm. Positioning and Early Mobilization: Effect of Educational Guidelines on Nurses’ performance and Stroke Patients’ Outcome. J Am Sci 2016;12(8):131-146]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 18. doi:10.7537/marsjas120816.18.

Key words: Guidelines, positioning, early mobilization, stroke and outcome

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