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Field Comparison Between The Bioresidual Activity And Droplet Distribution Of Different Insecticides Against Some Piercing And Sucking Insects Infesting Tomato Seedling By Using Certain Ground Spraying Equipment

Amany R. Morsy¹; Rehab; A. A. Dar² and Nabiela, S. A. Hiekel²

¹Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University.

²Plant Protection Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza.

amani.alzoheri@fagr.bu.edu.eg

Abstract: Field experiments were carried out in an area of about 10 kirats planted with tomatto seedling varity (Viona ) during season 2014 in 22^th September at Elramla, Banha, Qalyoupia governorate. The selected area was split into 9 plots and control plots. Three products were sprayed Deltamethrin, Marchal and Mosbilan of recommended dose rate and one treatment left without spraying as control by using Knapsack sprayer-Lever Operated (Pulmic118) (80 L./Fed.), Economy Micron ULVA sprayer (15 L/Fed.) and hand held compression sprayer (Kwazar) (94 L/Fed.) Data indicated that, all tested compounds induce significant negative influenced on both Bemisia tabaci and Empoasca discipiens adults survival. The most effective compound is Marchal followed by Deltamethrin and Mosbilan. It could be recommended to use those compounds with LV spraying equipment with not less than (15L/Fed.). The data showed that Lever Operated (Pulmic 118) was the pest equipment to control both Bemisia tabaci and Empoasca discipiens on Tomato seadling. The productivity of Micron ULVA sprayer was 3.04 Fed./day. It was the best equipment, but the lowest productivity was Pulmic 118 sprayer since it could spray only 2.30 Fed./day.

[Amany R. Morsy; Rehab; A.A. Dar and Nabiela, S. A. Hiekel. Field Comparison Between The Bioresidual Activity And Droplet Distribution Of Different Insecticides Against Some Piercing And Sucking Insects Infesting Tomato Seedling By Using Certain Ground Spraying Equipment. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):7-17]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.01.

Key words: Tomato seedling, Bioresidual activity, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca discipiens,Deltamethrin, Marchal, Mosbilan, LV and Ground Equipment.

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Distribution and bioaccumulation of radiocarbon (14C) into biochemical components of wheat in relation to antioxidant system under saline stress conditions

Mohamed H. Hendawey¹ and Hedaya A. Kamel²

^1. Biochemistry Unit, Plant Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Matarya, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Radioisotopes Department, Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki 12311, Cairo, Egypt

mhhendawey@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the current study two wheat cultivars (Masr1 and Gimmeza9) were cultivated in saline soil (6215 ppm) and irrigated with saline water (4654 ppm). After 30 days from cultivation, plants were sprayed with 14C labeled glycine (specific activity 0.025 µCi/1ml/plant of 60 ppm glycine); samples were collected after 3, 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours in addition to 7 and 15 days to study the distribution and bioaccumulation of 14C labeled glycine into different biochemical components and its relation to antioxidant system. Results revealed the presence of 14C in all plant extracts used in the current study, but the distribution and bioaccumulation were different depending on the type of plant extract and the time of sampling. This proves that glycine had clear role in the biosynthesis of many important biochemical components of the two wheat cultivars under saline conditions. The highest amount of 14C was found in E3 extract in roots and shoots of two wheat cultivars compared with the other plant extracts. The total recovery percent of 14C glycine in the two cultivars decreased by time reaching the lowest value at 15 days of the application (27.53% in Masr1 and 20.81% in Gimmeza 9); this may be attributed to the loss of 14C glycine as 14CO₂ through respiration after complete metabolism of the applied glycine. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) are important enzymes that increase the defense capability of wheat plants, where protect the biomolecules from free radicals damage (detoxification) under glycine treatment conditions. Also, it was noticed the important role of glycine on hydrolyzing enzymes (α and β-Esterase). With respect of free amino acids, data showed that thirty three free amino acids were detected in two wheat cultivars. The most abundant amino acids noticed were serine, asparagine, proline, alanine, cystine, δ-aminobutyric, lysine and arginine. Current research is recommended to activate the use of radioactive carbon 14C in wheat plants under saline condition, to stand on the effective role of many important biomolecules. The research also confirms the positive role of glycine acid in salt stress tolerance, through its contribution to the biosynthesis of many important biochemical components in plant cell and its association with the activity of antioxidant defense system.

[Mohamed H. Hendawey and Hedaya A. Kamel. Distribution and bioaccumulation of radiocarbon (14C) into biochemical components of wheat in relation to antioxidant system under saline stress conditions. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):8-21]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.02.

Key words: 14C labeled glycine, distribution, bioaccumulation, biochemical components, wheat, saline stress

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Breast cancer screening, why not?

Abeer F Amin and Mervat M Omar

Department of Oncology, Assiut University Hospital

Abstract: Background and aim: Breast screening mammography is a safe& easy. Material and Methods: Breast cancer screening among 107 females at Assiut University Hospital, in collaboration with the Office of healthy woman in Egypt, data of all females were collected and analyzed. Results: thirty females their age Range (45.0-57.0 years) accept to do screening while the others refused, Mean age ± SD was 49.17 ± 3.62 years & 33% of patients was overweight. A positive Family history in 13% patients and 17% of patients had an irregular menstrual cycle. Twenty-seven percent was Hypertensive under treatment; only 7% under calcium channels blocker for more than ten years, while 17% was diabetic (type II). Seventeen percent of patients were BI-RAD3 & correlation with breast sonography was done, 20% of them had a defiant right retoareolaer breast mass from which a biopsy was taken and was IDC while the others was free. There is a relation of screening mammography with overweight (p-value was 0.001) and with a history of irregular menstrual cycle (p-value was 0.000). Conclusion: Health education about breast cancer risk factors, how to avoid, how to detect and the benefit of early detection via health teaching program should be encouraged in the future.

[Abeer F Amin. Breast cancer screening, why not? J Am Sci 2015;11(10):22-27]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.03.

Keyword: Breast; screening mammography; safe; sonography; health

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Pregnany and Labour Outcome in Teenage

Osama Elsaeed Ali, Abd-elsattar Farhan, Mohammed Shehata, and Mohammed Taher Ismail

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo Egypt

Abstract: Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide health problem especially relevant in developing countries. It is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as maternal and neonatal mortality, cesarean section, preterm birth and low birth weight. These poor outcomes may be explained by a possible physical and psychological immaturity for reproduction in adolescents. In addition, adolescents usually have adverse social-economic factors that may affect the outcome of pregnancy (Alves et al., 2012). Methods: Our study is a descriptive prospective cross sectional study that included 100 teenage pregnant women between 13 -19 years old with single fetal pregnancy and without any chronic diseases, Full history was taken, ultrasound was done in addition to heamoglobin analysis and blood pressure estimation. The selected cases were followed up to detect pregnancy complications and outcome. Results: After collecting the results from our data sheet and analyzing them we found that abortions were 8%, preterm deliveries were 10%, and post-date deliveries were 11% while at-term deliveries were 71%. Conclusion: It was clear that teenage pregnancy is a high risk pregnancy; resulting in increased risks of abortions, premature deliveries, congenital malformations, pre-eclampsia, IUGR, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, PROM, low birth weight and maternal anemia.

[Osama Elsaeed Ali, Abd-elsattar Farhan, Mohammed Shehata, and Mohammed Taher Ismail. Pregnany and Labour Outcome in Teenage. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):28-33]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.04.

Keywords: teenage pregnancy, anemia, psychological status

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Sequence Analysis of H5N1 Isolates from Backyard Poultry in Upper Egypt

Khaled G. A. Abozaid

Department of Poultry diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayoum, Egypt

Kga_71abozaid@yahoo.com

Abstract: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 represents a threat to the poultry industry and human health worldwide. Fifteen samples from apparently healthy birds in backyard holdings H5N1 isolates were subjected to sequencing of the proteolytic cleavage site of the haemagglutin (HA) gene. PQGEKRRKKRGL/FGA sequence was present in 11/15 of the strains. In 2014, five selected H5N1 positive isolates were subjected to HA1 sequencing and the sequences revealed that the five isolates are belonging to the newly recorded subclade 2.2.1.2. and the amino acid identities showed 97-99% amino acid homology to the lineage 2.2.1.2. Four N-glycosylation sites were detected in the HA1 of the isolated strains and also in many other H5N1 strains. A conspicuous deletion in amino acid 129 and critical amino acid substitutions in potential sites responsible for receptor binding sites, were found in the five isolates.

[Khaled G.A. AboZaid. Sequence Analysis of H5N1 Isolates from Backyard Poultry in Upper Egypt. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):34-41]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.05.

Keywords: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), H5N1, HA, HA1, Proteolytic Cleavage Site, N-glycosylation sites.

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Effect of Copper Sulphate Supplementation on Semen Quality, Ovarian Activities and Reproductive Performance of Egyptian Baladi Sheep

Abd El-Monem, U.M¹., Peris, S.A.¹ and Amal I.A. El-Shorbagy ²

¹Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig, University, Zagazig, Egypt

²Animal Health Research Institute (Zagazig Provincial lab) Department of Biochemistry Egypt

ormamohamed_2010@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present work was performed to study the effect of dietary copper sulphate (CuSO₄) supplementation on the performance of ewes and rams during the period from March to December. A total number of forty Baladi (25 ewes and 15 rams) were randomly distributed into five treatment groups (5 ewes and 3 rams each). The first group was kept as a control and was fed the basal diet hay (64.2%) and barley grain (35.0%) plus minerals and vitamins (0.8%). Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg of copper sulphate (CuSO₄) per kg of diet /ewe/day, respectively. Reproductive performance, some physiological and blood parameters and semen traits were studied. The results showed that increasing the levels of CuSO₄ in the diet had the tendency to improve oestrus response, pregnancy and lambing rates, however, the differences between the control and the supplemented groups were not significant. The litter size at lambing as well as at weaning tended to be higher in supplemented copper groups than control one, however the differences failed to reach significant. At birth, lambs born from ewes fed the highest level of Cu SO₄ (20 mg/kg) had higher average body weight than those born from ewes fed 0 (control), 5 or 10 mg/kg of Cu SO₄. At weaning, average body weight of lambs nursing ewes supplemented with 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg of Cu SO₄ was significantly (P<0.05) higher than lambs of control ewes. Pre weaning gains of lambs were significantly (P<0.05) improved in the groups supplemented with 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg of Cu SO₄ as compared to control group. Supplementation of copper to the dietary increased (P < 0.05) ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm mass motility and individual sperm motility with all treated groups (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg of Cu SO₄) as compared to the control group. The results showed that increasing the levels of CuSO₄ in the dietary had the tendency to effect packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) content as compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in mean PCV among supplemented and non supplemented CuSO4 groups. RBC and Plasma Hb values increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing Cu SO₄ levels in the dietary. In contrast, WBC values decreased (P < 0.05) gradually with increasing Cu SO₄ contents in the diets.

[Abd El-Monem, U.M, Peris, S.A. and Amal I.A. El-Shorbagy. Effect of Copper Sulphate Supplementation on Semen Quality, Ovarian Activities and Reproductive Performance of Egyptian Baladi Sheep. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):42-50]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.06.

Keywords: Copper Sulphate; Supplementation; Semen; Ovarian; Reproductive; Egyptian Baladi Sheep

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Designing and production of Waterproof Breathable Fabric Suitable for Sleeping Bags

Ramadan, E. M.

Associate Professor at Spinning, Weaving and Knitting Dept., Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University

dremanramadan@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aspect of protection and comfort are both very important for the performance of personal protective clothing and equipment. The aim of this research is to produce fabrics suitable for sleeping bags which is both waterproof and breathable (water vapor permeable) to improve user comfort by reducing the buildup of perspiration inside the sleeping bag. All samples under study were produced of polyester yarns of 100 denier for end yarns and 50, 70 and 100 denier for weft yarns. Three weft sets were also used 60, 80 and 100 picks /cm with three fabric structure (plain weave 1/1, twill 1/4 and satin 4). Samples were coated using P.V.C in order to produce a waterproof, moisture vapor permeable fabrics and having perforation to provide ventilation to the user. The influence of these variables on the performance of the end-use fabric and achieved properties were studied. On the other hand physic-chemical properties including, tensile strength and elongation, abrasion resistance, water permeability, water repellency, tear resistance, thickness and weight were evaluated according to the final product needs. Some more results were reached concerning structures and materials. Most samples have achieved the expected results.

[Ramadan, E. M. Designing and production of Waterproof Breathable Fabric Suitable for Sleeping Bags. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):51-61]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.07.

Key words: Technical textiles, protective clothing, sports and recreation textiles, sleeping bags, comfort properties of textiles, waterproof breathable fabrics, coated fabrics, water vapor permeability

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Hydrogeochemistry of El-Negila basin, North Western Coast to delineate the best sites of water desalination for sustainable development

Mohamed A. Gomaa¹, Moustafa M. Abo El Fadl^1*, Abd el-Hameed M. El- Aassar¹, Abd Allah A. El-Sawy², and Reham M. Ali¹

¹Hydrogeochemistry department, Desert Research Center, El-Matrya, Cairo, Egypt

² Faculty of science, Banha University, Egypt

*mmaboelfadl@hotmail.com

Abstract: Egypt is one of many regions in the world that suffer from water shortage which impose constraints on economic, social and human development. The fast growing development in Egypt has required big movements of investments and people from the Nile Valley towards the west and fantastic North Western Coast of Mediterranean Sea. Although Egypt has already reached the water poverty limit, it possesses a high potential of brackish groundwater available from different aquifers. Brackish groundwater desalination is one of Egypt's most potentially significant water resources. Effective selection of desalination plant location depends on considering several factors concerning geomorphology, geology, hydrology, hydrogeochemistry and quality of groundwater resources. The groundwater is a wide variation in chemistry caused by pumping aquifers based on the local geology and hydrology parameters. Monitoring of these possible water chemistry studies should be accomplished prior to the final design of any desalination plant. Due to the complexity of groundwater chemistry; it is studied several factors, these factors will be studied based on the total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, concentration of major, minor and trace components add to ion ratios and hypothetical salts. The results of the analysis of water samples collected from the study area show wide ranges of TDS (344-18063 mg/l), total hardness (100-6714 mg/l as CaCO₃) and chloride concentration (67-8465 mg/l). Also, the presence of metals such as iron and manganese is observed. Moreover, according to chemical characteristics of the groundwater, best sites for possible desalination projects were selected.

[Mohamed A. Gomaa, Moustafa M. Abo El Fadl, Abd el-Hameed M. El- Aassar, Abd Allah A.El-Sawy, and Reham M. Ali. Hydrogeochemistry of El-Negila basin, North Western Coast to delineate the best sites of water desalination for sustainable development. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):62-74]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.08.

Key words: North Western Coast, Chemistry of groundwater, Desalination, Zonation map

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Psychometric Properties and Correlates of the Strength of Commitment to Life Style Self Management Instrument among Jordanians with Diabetes Mellitus Type II

¹Mrs. Reem Ahmad Jarrad. ²Dr. Amani A. Khalil. Mr. Naser Ibrahim Mahmoud.

¹RN, MSN, Nursing Faculty Member and clinical adult one course coordinator, Clinical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan. Amman- Jordan. E-mail of correspondent author: r.jarrad@ju.edu.jo Tel: (962-6) 5355000, extension: 23157, Fax: (962-6) 5300244, P.O box: Amman 11942, Jordan

²RN, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Clinical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan. E-mail: a.khalil@ju.edu.jo

RN, MSN Candidate, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan. E-mail: n.mahmoud1989@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aims : This is a cross-sectional descriptive study designed to test the reliability, validity and exploratory factor structure of the Diabetes Commitment to Lifestyle Self-Management (CLSM) instrument* among Jordanians with Diabetes Mellitus type two (DMII). Besides it attempted to assess the correlations between the CLSM subscales and participants' clinical outcomes, i.e., Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Methods: A convenient sample of 560 Jordanian patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type II was included. Demographic data sheets and the CLSM Arabic translated version instrument were collected once. Results: Cronbach alpha of five subscales scored more than (0.8) but the sixth subscale entitled the Dedication to Social Support for Weight Control showed Cronbach alpha value of (0.57).The Jordanian results confirmed no correlation between the CLSM subscales and both clinical variables: the HbA1c and the BMI. Nevertheless, a significant correlation exists between the FBS and the commitment to diabetes type II self management.The findings also indicated that people with DMII on "diet only" have lower difficulty level in managing their diabetes. Conclusion: The CLSM instrument is a reliable measure of diabetes self management which has multiethnic prospects of application with populations rather than the African Americans and the American minorities. In parallel to that, the Jordanian culture has shown some distinctive diabetes related lifestyle behaviours especially in regard to social support and weight control.

[Jarrad, R A; Khalil, A & Mahmoud, N. Psychometric Properties and Correlates of the Strength of Commitment to Life Style Self Management Instrument among Jordanians with Diabetes Mellitus Type II. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):75-81]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.09.

Keywords: Strength of commitment, self-management, life style attitudes and behaviors, Jordanian, Diabetes Mellitus Type II

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Effect of Yeast and Zinc Sulfate on Productivity, Fruit Quality and Leaf Minerals Content of Hayany Date Palm Under Salinity Stress at Ras – Sudr Conditions, Egypt

Amro S. M. Salama, A. A. Abdel-Hameed, O. H. M. El Gammal

Plant Production Department, Desert Research Center, Egypt

Amrosmss@yahoo.com; Hameed321@yahoo.com; Elgmalaa@yahoo.com

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2014 seasons in a private orchard of "Hayany" date palm grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system from a well at Ras-Sudr, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. The main object is to study the effect of yeast and zinc sulphate as well as their combinations on leaf total chlorophyll content, leaf mineral content, fruit set percentage, retained fruit percentage, yield and fruit quality properties of "Hayany" date palm. The present study is a factorial experiment with two factors, the first factor consisted of 3 levels of yeast soil application (0, 5, and 10 g/palm/year) and the second factor involved of 3 levels of zinc sulfate soil application (0, 200 and 400 g/palm/year). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. However, soil application of yeast and zinc sulphate treatments were divided into three equal doses applied on February, 1^st, May, 1^st and July, 1^st in each season. Results showed that yeast and/or zinc sulphate treatment alone or in combination enhanced leaf total chlorophyll content, leaf mineral content, fruit set percentage, retained fruit percentage, yield and fruit quality properties of "Hayany" date palm through alleviated the adverse effect of salinity.

[Salama ASM, Abdel-Hameed AA, El Gammal OHM. Effect of Yeast and Zinc Sulfate on Productivity, Fruit Quality and Leaf Minerals Content of Hayany Date Palm Under Salinity Stress at Ras – Sudr Conditions, Egypt. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):82-94]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.10.

Keywords: Yeast; Zinc Sulphate; "Hayany" cv. Date Palm; Yield; Fruit Quality; Salinity Stress

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Parasitological and Biochemical parameters in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice and treated with aqueous thymus leaves and Citrus maxima (pomelo) peels extracts

Wafaa F.A. Ahmed¹, Rasha M.Bahnasy² and Amina, M. G. Zedan³

^1.  Department of Biological and Environmental sciences (Parasitoloy), Faculty of Home Economic, Al Azhar University –Tanta

^2.  Nutrition and food science Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al Azhar University –Tanta

^3.  Department of Biological and Environmental sciences (Genetics), Faculty of Home Economic, Al Azhar University –Tanta

Corresponding author E- mail: memo_modern2010@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess protection level of aqueous thymus leaves300,600mg/kg mice and Citrus maxima (pomelo) peels 600mg/kg mice extracts on experimentally infected mice with Schistosoma mansoni cercaria for two weeks of the first day post infection (50 cercariae/mice). This extract was administrated orally by stomach tube. All mice were sacrificed at the 7th week post infection. The possible effect of aqueous thymus leaves and Citrus maxima peels extracts against S. mansoni infected mice was evaluated by recording percentage of the recovered worms, tissue eggs and viability of ova( oogram pattern),mortality rate among mice and biochemical parameters including liver enzymes(Got and Gpt) level, serum total protein level, albumin and cholesterol were also determined. IgM and IgG antibody responses were also determined. Result showed that protection with thyme leaves and Citrus maxima peels extracts prevented most biochemical changes, also markedly improved IgM and IgG antibody, in Schistosoma infected treated mice, compared with the infected- untreated ones. In addition, remarkable reduction in worms, tissue eggs and alteration in oogram pattern were recorded in all the treated groups. The antioxidant and antischistosomal action of pomelo and the effects of thyme were greatly diverse according to treatments groups.

[Wafaa F.A. Ahmed, Rasha M.Bahnasy and Amina, M. G. Zedan. Parasitological and Biochemical parameters in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice and treated with aqueous thymus leaves and Citrus maxima (pomelo) peels extracts. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):95-103]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.11.

Keywords: Schistosomia mansoni; antioxidants; IgM and IgG antibody, antihelmintic medicinal plant.( pomelo and thyme)

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Detection of Presepsin and Surface CD14 as a Biomarker For Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

Raghda M Mostafa ¹, Shams M Kholouss¹, Nahla MZakaria², Taysir R. Hafiz³, and Doaa M. Abdelaziz²

¹Immunogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

²Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt,

³Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University

dr.taysiralassuty@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the value of Presepsin and surface CD14 in the discrimination between infectious and noninfectious inflammation in comparison to conventional laboratory parameters as total leucocytic count (TLC), C-reactive protein (CRP). Design and setting: Prospective, observational study in three neonatal intensive care units. Patients: Forty-nine neonates with suspected sepsis (according to clinical suspicion or recent laboratory evidence that supports infection) and twenty-one apparently healthy neonates serving as healthy control group. The suspected sepsis group was further classified according to blood culture result into blood culture positive and blood culture negative patients. Another classification was based on the onset of sepsis into early onset sepsis (EOS) and late onset sepsis (LOS). Interventions and measurements: plasma Presepsin level, flow cytometric CD14 expressed in two ways: percent and mean fluorescent intensity (MFI), CRP, blood culture and complete blood count (CBC). Results: As for presepsin, CD14 MFI and CRP, their levels showed statistically significant increase when the comparison was held between: suspected sepsis group and control group, blood culture positive patients and controls, clinically septic patients and controls, patients with EOS and controls, patients with LOS and controls. The area under the curve (AUC) was the biggest for CD14 MFI (0.802), followed by presepsin (0.784), then CRP (0.659) and finally CD14% (0.608). The combination of presepsin and CD14 MFI achieved a better diagnostic performance (AUC= 0.883) than CD14 MFI did solely. More interestingly, the addition of measuring Hb level to the combination of presepsin and CD14 MFI showed the best diagnostic performance (AUC= 0.922). Conclusion: presepsin and CD14 MFI may help clinicians to make a decision regarding the use of antimicrobial therapy in early stages of sepsis when conjugated with clinical judgment. However, none of the studied markers could be used alone in diagnosing sepsis in an earlier and more specific way but rather the use of combination biomarkers is a more applicable mean to achieve this goal.

[Raghda Mohammed Mostafa Ghorab, Shams Mohamed Kholouss, Nahla Mohamed ZakariaYousef, Taysir Ramadan Hafiz, and Doaa Mohamed Abd ElAziz. Value of Presepsin and Surface CD14 in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):104-116]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.12.

Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, CRP, prespsin, CD14, early diagnosis

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Managers' Dogmatism as a Gigantic Obstruction to Establishing Soft Vs. Hard Cooperation-Based Organizations: Do Some Directing Practices Intermediary Affect?

Amgad Hamed Omara

Business Administration Dept., Faculty of Commerce, Menoufia University - Egypt

amgadomara63@yahoo.com

Abstract: The subject of this research is hub-revolving around one of the dilemmas, which may face some organizations to the extent that greatly threatens their very initial characteristic or cooperation. This dilemma is the dogmatism, and the complexity caused by it, is the confining of the organizational cooperation characteristic, to stay only at the minimum or rigid staterather than being normally developed to get the maximum or smooth level. Herein the research deeply highlights how this problematic issue unfavorably keeps the organizations' hard type; that's formally occurred by just working the management technical functions, instead of being able to reach the soft type; which could be informally taken place in the course of applying some particular management practices. Seeing that, the research hypothetically claims, through two interrelated relationships, that dogmatic or irrationally closed-mind managers may represent a core reason for their organizations failure to access the internal cooperation softness. It considers that this failure is intermediary caused by the dogmatic mangers' denial to three aspects; the authority acceptance, the leadership-type rotation, and the subordinates' initiated upward communication. Through using a specially designed questionnaire, that's at first examined in terms of both the validity and reliability, primary data have practically been collected from the research identified field study. In other words from the primary, preparatory, and secondary schools' teachers who were targeted, through a probability simple random sample, to be the data original sources or the sampling units, for investigating their managers in terms of the research measurement objective. Then the data have been computer-processed and statistically tested based upon the use of SPSS that allowed a few nonparametric techniques to prove, at levels of the relationship as well as its statistical denotation, the correction of the hypothetical propositions as they have initially been developed by the researcher. As a consequence there has been a main recommendation to suggest, which is represented in the necessity of applying a detailed interview test of dogmatism to all the organizations' top managers, particularly in the educational institutions, in which the existence of dogmatic managers may cause a seriously considerable magnitude of unfavorable effect, not only on teachers but also it possibly extends to be worse on the students themselves as the coming future generations.

[Amgad Hamed Omara. Managers' Dogmatism as a Gigantic Obstruction to establishing Soft Vs. Hard Cooperation-Based Organizations: Do Some Directing Practices intermediary affect? J Am Sci 2015;11(10):117-145]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.13.

Key words: Dogmatism, leadership-type rotation, authority acceptance, initiated upward communication, rigid or hard cooperation, smooth or soft cooperation, managers' test of dogmatism

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Current Understanding of Post Transfusion Purpura: A Systematic Review.

Mohammed Albalawi ¹, Mohammed Zolaly ², Nawaf Alkhayat ³, Omer Al Sharif ³ , Ghaleb Elyamany ⁴

¹Department of Medicine,  College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

³Dept. of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁴Dept. of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

ghalebelyamany@yahoo.com

Abstract: Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) is an adverse reaction to a blood transfusion or platelet transfusion that occurs when the body produces alloantibodies to the introduced platelets' antigens. These alloantibodies destroy the patient's platelets leading to thrombocytopenia, a rapid decline in platelet count. PTP usually presents 5–12 days after transfusion, and is a potentially fatal condition. Though, It is rare, it has significant mortality rate. Alloimmunization is the main pathological mechanism of platelet destruction but autoimmunization process also happens. It should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in any patient presenting with thrombocytopenia, especially after transfusion. In this review article, we are focusing on describing one of very rare but yet, a serious complication of blood transfusion and proposing a new scheme of diagnosis which needs to be further studied in a big multicenter trial to prove its efficacy.

[Mohammed Albalawi, Mohammed Zolaly, Nawaf Alkhayat, Omer Al Sharif , Ghaleb Elyamany. Current Understanding of Post Transfusion Purpura: A Systematic Review. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):146-151]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.14.

Keywords: thrombocytopenia, transfusion reactions, post transfusion purpura

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The effect of preoperative standard enteral nutrition versus immune enhancing nutrition on the postoperative outcomes of the upper gastrointestinal cancer patients

Sheren Mohammed Abed Elatief Diab¹, Sanaa Mohammed Ahmed Alaa Eldein², Nagwa Ragab Atia Gad¹, Heba Ahmed Mohmmed Morad³, and Ibrahm Abed Elbar Saif Eldein⁴

¹Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

²Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

³Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

⁴Surgical Oncology, Tanta Cancer Center Ministry of Health

ngawagad@rocketmail.com

Abstract: The major concern regarding the value of nutritional support is improvement of patients' clinical outcomes. Aim: This is a quasi experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative standard enteral nutrition versus immune enhancing nutrition on the postoperative outcome of the upper gastrointestinal cancer patients. Material and method Convenient sample of (45) adults patient will be enrolled sequentially into three groups, each group consists of (15) patients. Three tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study. These tools were gastrointestinal cancer patient nutritional assessment sheet. Tool II included postoperative complications evaluation sheet for gastrointestinal cancer patient. It consisted of three parts: wound healing assessment, clinical sepsis indicators, nutritional risk index (NRI). Tool III was the preoperative feeding strategy. Results: - The main results revealed that there were a significant relationship between the type of nutritional regimen and length of hospital stay (c2 = 15. 000, P = 0. 0001*). Also, there was a significant relationship between type of formula received and findings of postoperative wound culture and clinical sepsis indicators. Moreover, there were significant improvement in the criteria of wound healing among the patients receiving immune enhancing formula. Furthermore there were statistically significant association between pre operative DSH, degree of TIC depletion post nutritional regimen and post operative wound culture, clinical sepsis indicators and occurrence of wound healing complication in group ( III ) (P ≤0. 05) in group ( III ). Conclusion and recommendation Immune nutrition should be utilized in malnourished upper GI cancer patient under going surgery for 7-10 days preoperatively.

[Sheren Mohammed Abed Elatief Diab, Sanaa Mohammed Ahmed Alaa Eldein, Nagwa Ragab Atia Gad, Heba Ahmed Mohmmed Morad, and Ibrahm Abed Elbar Saif Eldein. The effect of preoperative standard enteral nutrition versus immune enhancing nutrition on the postoperative outcomes of the upper gastrointestinal cancer patients. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):152-167]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.15.

Key words: upper gastrointestinal Cancer, immune nutrition, standard enteral nutrition, preoperative nutrition.

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ACE Single Nucleotide Polymorphism I/D and Its Relationship to ACE Level in Egyptian Patients with Essential Hypertension

Seham A Khodeer¹, Dalia H Abou-Elela^1*, Yassein S Yassein²

¹Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.Shebein El-Kom, Egypt.²Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. Shebein El-Kom, Egypt.

*aboeleladalia@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Renin-Angiotensin system is one of the factors that have an important role in controlling blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) has a role in hypertension pathogenesis. The ACE gene is located on chromosome 17 where more than 160 ACE gene polymorphisms have been reported. Although I/D polymorphism is located in a non-coding region of the ACE gene, several investigators have found that the D allele is related to the activity of plasma ACE. The aim of this workwas to investigate the association between ACE I/D polymorphism gene with plasma ACE level in patients with essential hypertension.Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on one hundred and fifty subjects who were divided into three groups: 53 prehypertensive & 58 hypertensive patients in addition to 39 normotensive gender and age matched subjects. Full clinical examination and history were taken, lipid profile & plasma ACE by ELISA were determined to all subjects. Also, polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the distribution of allele and genotype frequency of ACE I/D polymorphism. Results: Comparing with the normotensive & pre-hypertensive groups, the hypertensive patient group exhibited a higher distribution of the DD genotype (10.3%, 17.0% & 50%, respectively) & D allele frequency (10.3%7, 17.9% & 63.8%, respectively). By using logistic regression analysis, subjects with the DD genotype & D allele were at increased risk for hypertension (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.68 –2.93 & OR 8.05, 95% CI 4.03 –16.08, respectively) compared with those having the II genotype and I allele. Comparing DD genotype with both II & ID genotypes in the hypertensive patient group, they had higher levels of ACE enzyme (P < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: The observed association of D/D genotype with essential hypertension emphasizes on the need for further prospective study that include larger sample size to confirm the results of the present study.

[Seham A Khodeer, Dalia H Abou-Elela, Yassein S Yassein. ACE Single Nucleotide Polymorphism I/D and Its Relationship to ACE Level in Egyptian Patients with Essential Hypertension. J Am Sci 2015;11(10):168-175]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16. doi:10.7537/marsjas111015.16.

Key words: ACE gene –I/D polymorphism- Essential hypertension.

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