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Synthesis and antibreast cancer activity of new 3-methy-1,5-diphenyl pyrazole derivatives

Wafaa A. Ewes, Sahar M. I. Badr, Hassan M. Eisa and Magda N. A. Nasr

Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.

 wafaa.ewes@yahoo.com

Abstract: New series of 3-methyl-1,5-diphenyl pyrazole derivatives possessing different substitutions as pyridine, hydrazinylidenemethyl, 1,3-benzoxazole, amine phenyl, oxime, N- phenylacetamide moieties and were synthesized. The structures of synthesized compounds were established using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental and mass spectral analyses. In-vitro antitumor screening using breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) has been carried out. Among the compounds tested, compounds 7 and 16 were found to be the most active candidates of the synthesized series. Based on pharmacophore mapping of the established derivatives, potential anticancer target (1UYK) was chosen to perform docking process. Some of the synthesized compounds showed a good docking score toward it.

[Wafaa A. Ewes, Sahar M. I. Badr, Hassan M. Eisa and Magda N. A. Nasr. Synthesis and antibreast cancer activity of new 3-methy-1,5-diphenyl pyrazole derivatives. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):1-10]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.01

Keywords: Pyrazole; anticancer; oxime; N-phenylacetamide; pyridine

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Clinical Significance of Soluble CD27 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

¹Mohamed Mabed, MD, PhD; ²Loaie El-Helw, MD; ¹Tarek Abouzeid, MD; ¹Emad Azmy, MD; ²Mohamed A. Ebrahim, MD; ²Sameh Shamaa, MD.

¹ Division of Hematology, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt.

² Division of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt.

loaieelhelw@hotmail.com, mohmabed@mans.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: The clinical course of patients with B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) is quite variable, with many patients surviving for prolonged periods without any therapy, whereas others succumb rapidly despite aggressive treatment. Aim of work: We-therefore-studied the prognostic value of soluble CD 27 (sCD 27) and in relation to the level of β₂- microglobulin in fifty consecutive patients with B-CLL. Results: They were 32 males and 18 females, with a median age of 54 years. A significantly higher level of sCD 27 in patients with CLL has been detected with a mean + SD of 443.69 ± 346.71 U/ml compared to control level of 196.0+33.3 U/ml (P 0.01). Similarly, a significant higher level of serum β₂- microglobulin in patient with CLL has been detected compared to controls (4.516 ± 1.16 µL/ml vs. 0.6+1.3 µL/ml; P 0.02). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was detected between the pretreatment levels of sCD 27 and β2-microglobulins (r =0.423, P = 0.002). A significant higher pretreatment level of sCD27 and serum β₂-microglobulins was detected in patients who didn’t achieve complete response (CR) compared to those who developed CR. Also, they were significant prognostic indicators for both progression free and overall survival rates. Conclusion: The sCD 27 is considered to have a predictive and prognostic value in patients with CLL.

[Mohamed Mabed; Loaie El-Helw; Tarek Abouzeid; Emad Azmy; Mohamed A. Ebrahim; Sameh Shamaa. Clinical Significance of Soluble CD27 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):11-17]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.02

Key words: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, soluble CD27, β₂-microglobulins, prognosis

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Regional Brain Amino Acids Imbalances in Reserpine Rat Model of Depression: An Antidepressive Effect of Pomegranate Juice.

Ahmed M. Shehata¹, Abdel Aziz A. Diab², Gehan A Elmenofi¹ and Marwa, A. A Hassan³

¹Zoology department- Faculty of Science- Zagazig University- Egypt.

² Physiology Department- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt

³Faculty of Education for Girls-Affif- Shaqra University, KSA

ahmedmshehata@yahoo.com

Abstract: Depression is an extremely common pathological complex with psychological, neuroendocrine, and pathological symptoms. The present evaluated the antidepressant effect of pomegranate juice by using the in experimental rat model of reserpinized rat. The occurrence of depression was determined using forced swimming test (FST). Fluoxetine was used as the reference antidepressant drug. In addition the free amino acids (aspartic, glutamic, Glycine. Gamma amino butyric acid, GABA and taurine) content of both brain cortex and midbrain and brainstem were determined. Daily administration of reserpine at a dosage of 1mg/kg for 14 days increased the immobility time in FST without remarkable changes in motor function in the open field test (OFT), indicating the occurrence of depression. Both the individual treatment of fluoxetine and pomegranate juice and their combination significantly reduced the immobility time in FST, indicating their antidepressant activities. In addition, reserpine disturbed the normal levels of both excitatory (glutamic and asparatic) and inhibitory (glycine and GABA) and taurine in both brain cortex and midbrain and brain stem. Both the individual treatment of fluoxetine and pomegranate juice and their combination significantly restored the normal levels of brain free amino acids. The study suggested that reserpine induced depression by altering the normal balance of both brain excitatory and inhibitory amino acids neurotransmission, On the other hand, both the individual treatment of fluoxetine and pomegranate juice and their combination significantly rebalanced the normal brain transmission of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids. The observation that that the combined effect moderately exceeded the individual treatments which might indicate that both fluoxetine shared similar pathways to produced their antidepressive effects, which represent a type of competition. Hence, it is a good opportunity to reduced the fluoxetine dose and compensate by pomegranate as food supplement to attain the full antidepressive effect.

[Ahmed M. Shehata, Abdel Aziz A. Diab, Gehan A Elmenofi and Marwa, A. A Hassan. Regional Brain Amino Acids Imbalances in Reserpine Rat Model of Depression: An Antidepressive Effect of Pomegranate Juice.. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):18-26]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.03

Key words: Depression- reserpine- amino acids- fluoxetine- pomegranate juice.

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Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Thiophene in Different Acid Solutions

A. A. Ismail¹, S. H. Sanad¹, A.G. Gad-Allah², E.M. Fayyad^1,*

¹ Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

² Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

emfayad53@gmail.com

Abstract: The corrosion protection behavior of thiophene on mild steel electrodes in different acids solutions was manipulated using open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The surface morphology of mild steel after 24 hours immersion in different acids without and with two different concentrations of thiophene was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that, the inhibition efficiency of thiophene is increased with high thiophene concentration. Comparing the value of R_p for mild steel in different acids at 0.05M thiophene, it was found that, they have the following order: H₂C₂O₄ ≥ H₃PO₄> HClO₄ ≥ HCl > HNO₃, this showed that HNO₃ acid is the most corrosive media for mild steel.

[A. A. Ismail, S. H. Sanad, A.G. Gad-Allah, E.M. Fayyad. Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Thiophene in Different Acid Solutions. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):27-38]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.04

Keywords: Thiophene, corrosion, mild steel, inhibition efficiency, EIS, SEM.

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Characteristics of ischemic stroke in asymptomatic hepatitis C virus positive patients

Gharib Fawi ¹, Hazem K. Elhewag ¹, Hassan M Elnady ¹, Al-Amir Bassiony Mohamed ¹, Ahmed Ezzat ¹, Hesham M Hefny², Mahmoud Saif-Al Islam ³, Mohamad H Alam-Eldeen ⁴

¹Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.

³Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.

⁴Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.

elnadyhassan1974@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background and aim of the study: Cerebrovascular diseases are leading cause of death worldwide. Acute ischemic cerebrovascular events, including ischemic stroke (IS) , transient ischemic attack, and lacunar syndromes, have been reported in hepatitis C virus infected patients. Various surveys were designed to study the associations and pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in patients with hepatitis C virus infected patients. The purpose of our work was to determine the Characteristics of ischemic stroke in hepatitis C virus infected patients. Patients and Methods: Forty ischemic stroke patients with positive hepatitis C virus antibodies compared with 20 ischemic stroke patients with negative hepatitis C virus antibodies. We examined traditional vascular risk factors, stroke severity, carotid atherosclerosis, and a range of radiological and laboratory markers. The results: IS patients with positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies were significantly younger (62.8±7.7, versus 67.3±7, P= 0.007). The risk of stroke recurrence is significantly higher in ischemic stroke with positive HCV antibodies (32.2% versus 5%, P=0.028), with larger numbers (P=0.026) but smaller sizes (4.544 cm3 versus 17.492 cm3, P=0.007) in addition to significantly higher association with carotid atherosclerosis (73.3% versus 28.5%., P=0.047) and less severe stroke (P=0.028) than those with negative hepatitis C virus antibodies. Conclusion: Our results show that hepatitis C virus infection can accelerate atherosclerosis and leading to stroke at a relatively younger age with increased incidence of stroke recurrence and usually associated with small lacunar syndromes and less severe stroke.

[Fawi G, Elhewag HK, Elnady HM, Mohamed AB, Ezzat A, Hefny HM, Saif-Al Islam M, Alam-Eldeen MH. Characteristics of ischemic stroke in asymptomatic hepatitis C virus positive patients. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):39-44]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.05

Keywords: HCV • Ischemic stroke • Atherosclerosis

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Improvement of weight fruit and yield in super strain-B cultivar of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) by Mass selection

Rashwan, A.M.A

Dept. of Hort. (vegetable crops), Fac. Of Agric., South Valley Univ., Qena, Egypt.

rashwan_univ@yahoo.com

Abstract: Mass selection for increasing of weight fruit (g) and total yield/plant (kg) in super strain-B cultivar of tomato was carried out for three cycles. The selected and unselected base population (M₀) were evaluated in two consequetive seasons. Weight fruit (g) and number of fruits/ plant (kg) were significantly increased as a response to mass selection. These increments were 11.48%, 19.13% and 33.49% for weight fruit (g) and 5.11%, 9.79% and 15.64% for number of fruit/plant (kg) after the first (M₁), second (M₂) and third cycle (M₃), respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in number of cluster/plant in the first (19.19%, second (35.3%) and the third (46.99%) cycle in the respect to base population (M₀). Both marketable yield/plant (kg) and total yield/plant (kg) were significantly increased after the M₁, M₂ and M₃ cycle of mass selection. The increments in marketable yield/plant (kg) were 2.52%, 5.95% and 11.67%, respectively, while in total yield/ plant (kg) were 7.70%, 16.20%, 24.13%, respectively. Correlation coefficient in M3 populations showed highly significant positive among total population showed highly significant positive among total yield fruit/plant (kg) character and each of number of cluster/plant (r=0.951), number of flowers/plant (r=0.941), number of fruits/ plant (0.994) weight fruit (g) (r=0.964) and Marketable of yield/ plant (kg) (r=0.957). Results of the study confirm that the total yield/plant in tomato plant can be increased by increasing of some yield components such as fruit weight (g), number of fruits/plant, number of clusters/plant and number of flowers/plant, this can be achieved by the mass selection, this also refers to the possibility of further increase and improvement of these traits repeat selection cycles and study of correlation.

[Rashwan, A.M.A Improvement of weight fruit and yield in super strain-B cultivar of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) by Mass selection. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):45-50]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 6

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.06

Keywords: Tomato- Mass selection – fruit weight – yield plant - correlation

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Impact of Mission and Vision on an Organization

Dr. Har Bakhsh Makhijani¹, Dr. Mubeena Pathan², Dr. Barkatullah Qureshi³, Dr. Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar⁴, Aftab Alam⁵, Dr. Murad Iqbal Panhwar⁶

¹Department of Media and Communication studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro

^2,3Information Technology Centre, Sindh agriculture, University TandoJam

⁴ Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan

^5,6Newports Institute of Communications and Economics, Karachi

Abstract: 1t is necessary and very important to know that people serving for an organization, but they have very selected awareness about “vision and mission”. Many of those who have little  idea about the main purpose or importance of  mission and vision, and matter of fact that there is no organizational or social obligation for employees to know, follow or achieve the vision and mission objectives. As shared and exchanged this topic with my present and ex - colleagues to know and awareness of the importance of it, and regarding benefit this is very essential for any employee from top to bottom to at least aware of it.  For gaining an experience not only from research, survey, literatures or articles,   I testified this topic with my present and ex - colleagues to know the real outcome of it.  To know organization’s mission & vision and testified targeted organization, it’s quite relax and visionary that at least they have  some recognition, direction and aspiration that what they are doing, remember, committed and emphasize priority wise in their strategic planning and daily routine work,  no doubt about that  all our activities or efforts to an end for gaining profit / purse. The main idea for this topic to know how the mission and vision impact & parallel familiar with organization and this is really hard to find what is the exact impact or outcome of it.  The vision and mission statements references are taking from worlds prominent companies,  how emphasize  these statements and impact of mission and vision on an organization, and to find meanings  and purposes of these statements, how much they against and relevant with each other,  particularly what impact of mission and vision on an organization,  these are the basic questions that raises in our minds and many organizations pay agencies or consulting companies for millions of dollars to educate and advise them, skill elegant plans to decorate their structures and motivate their personnel and management. The idea “Impact of mission and vision on an organization” as taken from a famous company’s vision and mission statement and the main cause and purpose of this idea is, that there are some interesting points that gives an attraction to know what is the reality in it and how our present or ex-colleges and other organizations departments employees remember these mission and vision statements that we remember, committed and rationalize priority wise in our daily life. The main purpose for this topic to know the how familiarize the organization through these vision and mission and many companies run without any direction or rather awareness or knowhow the company direction. Its better and prefer to keep the standard and ethics in this research project to fulfill the organization internal policies and this is also not only for our but many of others organizations policies also. I would like to refer this famous company’s vision, mission that already published worldwide and its familiarity and ranking that already published in world’s famous web sites, there are a few brief descriptions of “CH2MHILL” company that published in prominent websites.

[Har Bakhsh Makhijani, Mubeena Pathan, Barkatullah Qureshi, Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar, Aftab Alam, Murad Iqbal Panhwar. Impact of Mission and Vision on an Organization. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):51-57]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.07

Key words: Mission & Vision Aspiration Visionary Strategic planning Profit / Purse

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Optimal Capacity and Profit Maximization Level for A Biomass Refinery, A Supplemental Source of Fuel

Dr. Har Bakhsh Makhijani¹, Dr. Mubeena Pathan², Dr. Barkatullah Qureshi³, Dr. Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar⁴, Aftab Alam⁵, Dr. Murad Iqbal Panhwar⁶

¹Department of Media and Communication studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro

^2,3Information Technology Centre, Sindh agriculture, University TandoJam

⁴ Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan

^5,6Newports Institute of Communications and Economics, Karachi

Abstract: The feasibleness of a cotton gin waste (CGW) that produces bio-fuels is explored. By utilizing cotton gin trash and supplemental feedstock such as can trash, enough megawatt hours of energy can be produced to satisfy peak and sub-peak energy for power requirements. Furthermore, findings have confirmed that the amount of carbon displaced by a power plant relying on biomass energy as source of electricity rather than traditional coal is an additional offset that makes the business model even more attractive. For reasons stemming mainly from the availability of cotton gin trash in the site area, it has been confirmed that use of biomass already on site at agri-forestry processing centers to manufacture bio-products will also minimize transportation and handling costs. Therefore, at the core of this study is the determination of whether an operator of a power plant chooses to use supplemental biomass in the form of can trash for the production of electricity when there is insufficient cotton gin waste due to a bad season. The decision is based on whether the profits derived from the additional megawatt hours from additional biomass are enough to offset the transportation and harvest costs associated with the can trash biomass. A profit maximization model simulating the production and sale of biomass electricity suggests that while lowering the transportation and harvest costs through subsidies does influence an operator’s decision to import, it has a negligible effect on the plant capacity and efficiency. Furthermore, findings in this study suggest that a subsidy applied to the peak and sub-peak prices of megawatt hour prices do in fact have a substantial affect on the capacity and profitability of a plant producing electricity from biomass.

[Har Bakhsh Makhijani, Mubeena Pathan, Barkatullah Qureshi, Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar, Aftab Alam, Murad Iqbal Panhwar. Optimal Capacity and Profit Maximization Level for A Biomass Refinery, A Supplemental Source of Fuel. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):58-67]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.08

Key Words: CGW, Biomass energy, Power Plant, Capacity & Profitability

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Effect of stress training to exhaustion on Psychobiologic variables of track and field Athletics

Atwa El Metwaly Atwa¹ and Mahmoud Ibrahim Shoeb²

¹Dep. Of Eductional, Psychic and Social Sciences Fac. PE, El Arish, Suez Canal Univ.

¹Dep. Theories and track and Field Appl. Fac. PE, El Arish, Suez Canal Univ.

Dr_–Atwa_–elmetwaly@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research aims to find out the effect of stress training to exhaustion on Psychobiologic variables of track and field athletics. The researchers used the descriptive method and choose the research sample through random method from sedentary students and track and field players of different clubs. The research sample consisted of twenty healthy men, aged 20-22y. Volunteered to this study, they were divided to control group (n = 10) and experimental one (n=10). All subjects performed an exhaustive exercise test, after a warming up of 3m, they performed on tread mill, increasing the speed every 3 m. until the signs of fatigue and inability to continue. They was followed by cooling dawn 3m., then 5 ml of blood was drawn before and after the test. The following variables were determined in a special lab. Testosterone, cortisol, prolactin together with lactate and pulse rate, by using Elisa technique, Accusport and pulse meter, kits for hormones were used The researchers conducted the sample homogeneity in age, height, weight by finding skewness coefficients. The researchers reach the conclusions: (1) Stress training indicated that atheletics have higher anabolic hormone (testosterone) and lower stressor hormones (prolactin, cortisol). (2) Exhaustive training revealed that athletic group develop higher fitness level and personality. (3) Exhaustion affect both physiological an psychological variables known as psychobiology.

[Atwa El Metwaly Atwa and Mahmoud Ibrahim Shoeb. Effect of stress training to exhaustion on Psychobiologic variables of track and field Athletics. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):68-72]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 9

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.09

Key worlds: Psychobioloty, blood hormones, Lactate, Pulserate, Exhaustive exercise.

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External Beam Radiotherapy versus High Dose Rate Brachytherapy plus External Beam Radiotherapy in locally advanced uterine cervical cancer.

*Elumelu TN., *Oladeji A., *Adenipekun A.

*Department of Radiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan

Abstract: Introduction: Prior to 2008 when High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy was installed in Radiotherapy Department of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, patient with locally advanced cancer of cervix were treated with chemotherapy and External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), but with the advent of HDR brachytherapy facility, patients are treated now with chemotherapy, EBRT and brachytherapy. Aim: This a retrospective evaluation of the treatment outcome of patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate brachytherapy, compared with the patients that had external beam radiotherapy alone. Material and Methods: The treatment records of patients with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (FIGO stage IIB-IVA), treated with EBRT alone (Group I) and those treated with High Dose Rate Brachytherapy and EBRT (Group II) were extracted from case notes and radiotherapy treatment cards for analysis. Results: 179 cases in all divided into Group I (109) and Group II (70). In Group I, 19(17%) had local relapse, 8(7.3%) suffered persistence disease, 4(3.7%) had distance metastases, hepatic metastasis (2), lungs (1) and pelvic bone (1), 3(2.8%) died from disease progression, while 75(68.8%) were disease free. For Group II 7(10%) recorded local failure, persistence disease in 3(4.3%), malignant pleural effusion in 1(1.48%) and 59(84.3%) of the patients were disease free. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated some degree of therapeutic advantage of combining EBRT and HDR over EBRT alone in the management of locally advanced cancer of cervix. However, the therapeutic ratio of EBRT/HDR is low, making the adverse effect to be more compared with EBRT only.

[Elumelu TN., Oladeji A., Adenipekun A. External Beam Radiotherapy versus High Dose Rate Brachytherapy plus External Beam Radiotherapy in locally advanced uterine cervical cancer. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):73-79]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.10

Keywords: locally Advanced Cervical Cancer; External Beam Radiotherapy; HDR Brachytherapy

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Influence of insect growth regulator, BAY SIR 8514, on chitin synthesis and degradation of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Najat A. Khatter

Biology Department, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

najat.khatter4@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study has been conducted to investigate the effect of insect growth regulator BAY SIR 8514 on chitin and chitinase enzymes of 2^nd in star of Spodoptera littoralis larvae, the effect of sublethal doses, LC ₂₅, LC ₅₀ and LC₉₀ shows a significant effect on antifeedant index, on the other hand larval treatment with the tested IGR doses revealed, certain histo-pathological symptoms such as (1) diorganisation, disintegration and vacuolization of oocytes and sperms. Insect treated with LC₂₅ protein was found to have the highest number of bands (13 bands), while those treated with LC₅₀ was found to have the lowest number (6 bands). The variability analysis of normal and treated insects showed some variations. Insects treated with LC₂₅ showed 4 monomerphic and 11 unique bands, those treated with LC₅₀ showed 4 monomerphic and 12 unique bands, those treated with LC₉₀ showed 5 monomerphic and 5 unique.

[Najat A. Khatter. Influence of insect growth regulator, BAY SIR 8514, on chitin synthesis and degradation of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Am Sci 2015;11(9):80-86]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.11

Key words: Insect growth, IGRs, BAY SIR 8514, pest control, chitin synthesis, lepidoptera

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Investigation and Comparison of Lipid Content and Nutritional Composition of Different Organs of Brahea armata– S. Watson, Family Arecaceae, Growing in Egypt

Doaa A. Abdel Rheem¹, Hossam M. Hassan^2*, Sayed A. Ahmed^1*and Ahmed H. Elghandour¹

¹ Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni- Seuf, 62514, Egypt.

² Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.

Dr.doaa_88science@yahoo.com, sayed.hassan@science.Bsu.edu.eg, abuh20050@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study was carried out to characterize the lipoidal matter of different organs (leaves, pollen gains and fruits) of Brahea armata – S. Watson and to evaluate their nutritive and amino acid composition. Saponification of petroleum ether extract of the leaves, pollen grains and fruits yielded 57.6%, 39.5% and 2.9% for the unsaponifiable matters and 32.54 %, 2.38% and 65.1% for the fatty acids, respectively. The total identified unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 7.87% to 83.61% in the three investigated organs, being most prominent in the fruits saponifiable matter, while the total saturated fatty acids ranged from 16.39% to 92.13%, in which the leaves saponifiable matter is the richest. The pharmacopoeial constants of the pollen grains and fruits showed higher ratio of total protein (8.6%), crude fat (1.3%), ash (8.72%) and moisture (49.64%) in pollens than those of fruits (5.5%), (0.93%), (4.2%) and (5.88%), respectively. But, the other parameter, total carbohydrate is higher in fruits (83.49%) than in pollens (32.36%). Total percentage of non essential amino acids in the both organs of Brahea armata, 70.62% and 60.25% for pollen and fruit, respectively, were higher than percent of essential amino acids 29.38% and 39.75% for the same organs, respectively. The predominant macro-element of minerals in both these organs was potassium (K), followed by sodium (Na). Among the micro-elements, iron (Fe) represents the highest percent (95 and18 mg/100g) in the pollens and fruits, respectively. These results showed that the fruits of Brahea armata are nutritious and can play a major role in human nutrition and health, so they are edible.

[Doaa A. Abdel Rheem, Hossam M. Hassan, Sayed A. Ahmed and Ahmed H. Elghandour. Investigation and Comparison of Lipid Content and Nutritional Composition of Different Organs of Brahea armata– S. Watson, Family Arecaceae, Growing in Egypt. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):87-93]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.12

Keywords: Brahea armata; Lipid content; Pharmacopoeial constants; Amino acids; Minerals; Edible fruits

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Comparative Investigation of Minerals, Amino acids, Lipoidal Contents and General Analysis of Chamaerops humilis L. Organs Growing in Egypt

Shimaa A.Ahmed¹, Hossam M. Hassan², Sayed A. Ahmed^1* and Ahmed H. Elghandour¹.

¹Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni- Seuf, 62514, Egypt.

²Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.

Alshimaa.science@yahoo.com, skader_70@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this paper, a comparison of nutritional value of the pollen grains and the fruits of chamaerops humilis L. and comparison of lipoidal content of the pollen grains, the fruits and the leaves was carried out. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the petroleum ether extracts of different organs of chamaerops humilis (L) revealed that the petroleum ether of the leaf, the pollen grain, the fruit are rich in lipid content and sterols and/or triterpenes. Total protein, fats, ash, carbohydrates and moisture percentages were determined in pollen grains and fruits. Minerals analysis show that Potassium was the major composition of macro-elements in both organs followed by sodium.

[Shimaa A. Ahmed, Hossam M. Hassan, Sayed A. Ahmed and Ahmed H. Elghandour. Comparative Investigation of Minerals, Amino acids, Lipoidal Contents and General Analysis of Chamaerops humilis L. Organs Growing in Egypt. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):94-100]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13

doi:10.7537/marsjas110915.13

Keywords: Chamaerops humilis L., pollen grains, Phytochemical investigation, lipoidal, sterols

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The Influence of Pile Weft Knitted Structures On The Functional Properties Of Winter Outerwear Fabrics

R.A.M. Abd El-Hady ¹, R.A.A. Abd El-Baky ²

¹ & ² Ass. Prof. Dr. In Spinning, weaving & knitting Dept., Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt.

rasha_hady1@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study focuses on the selection of the most adequate structures to be used to represent typical winter outerwear, two groups of weft-knitted structures, fleece and plush knits, were selected. An experimental work is presented to determine the effects of different knit structures on; bursting strength, air permeability, absorption and thermal insulation properties of knitted fabrics. From the analyses of variance, it is seen that the effects of pile knit structure on the functional properties of knitted fabrics are highly significant. These findings are an important tool in the design of typical winter outerwear fabrics.

[R.A.M. Abd El-Hady, R.A.A. Abd El-Baky. The Influence of Pile Weft Knitted Structures On The Functional Properties Of Winter Outerwear Fabrics. J Am Sci 2015;11(9):101-108]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14

Keywords: Fleece structure, Plush fabrics; French terry; Pile knit structure; Thermal insulation

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