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Effect of Drought Stress on Soil Water Potential and Leaf Growth in Corn

Tayeb Saki Nejad ^1*, Abdolmehdi Bakhshandeh ², Islam Majidi ²

^1. Assistant Professor Department of Agronomy Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch

^2. Professor Department of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan, Iran

drtayebsaki@aol.com

Abstract: This study is performed in the method of factorial and split plots in 4 replication and 2 water stress factors with 4 levels as first factor ( S3: 25% of S0 treatment irrigation), (S2: 50% of S0 treatment irrigation), (S1: 75% of S0 treatment irrigation), (S0: control, 100% of irrigation at FC point). Growing periods were assumed as second factor with 3 levels (V3: seed filling period), (V2: from end of V1 treatment to end of pollination), (V1: vegetative period (from plant establishment to the appearance of the first double ring). This experiment is performed in 3 crop years (1380 – 81, 79-80, 78-79) in Azad University of Ahwaz. The result showed that water potential of leaf and water potential of plant decreases by decreasing water potential of soil but reduction of water potential of leaf was higher than root water potential, so that by 0.5MPa reduction of soil water potential, root potential decreased 0.7MPa and leaf potential decreased 0.97MPa. Water potential of the leaves decreased 0.1 – 0.6MPa in S1 treatment or moderate stress, but osmotic adjustment was above 0 and leave growing continued until appearance of the first double ring, the leaf water potential was -0.6MPa and the leaf growing didn’t stop, but after this step, leaf water potential decreased to 0.15 MPa by applying S2 treatment and leaves growth was zero. In LAI (leaf area index) above 2.7 Reduction of leaf water potential to 0.1 MPa leads to stop leaf growing. LAI showed 2.5 units difference between S0 treatment (control) and S3 treatment (severe stress). Stomata resistance was 7.2 in severe stress and 4.3 in control position until the appearance of the first double ring. But after the first double ring, stomata resistance was above 9.7 in severe stress position. By comparing control position with increasing stress intensity, the absorption of potassium ion increased and K concentration of middle leaves was more than the root and terminal leaves in control treatment (without stress). Potassium transmission from middle leaves to terminal ones was the function of stress intensity. Potassium transmitted from root to middle leaves and from them to terminal leaves to 0.15bar water potential of soil. After 0.10 bar, the process of potassium transmission and accumulation of it stopped in upper leaves of corn. 3 days after applying S2 treatment, K⁺ accumulation in was 1.3 – 1.7 higher than control treatment in terminal leaves.

[Saki Nejad T, Bakhshandeh A, Majidi I. Effect of Drought Stress on Soil Water Potential and Leaf Growth in Corn. J Am Sci 2014;10(7s):1-6]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas1007s14.01

Keyword: Drought Stress, Soil Water Potential, Corn, Leaf Growth

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Effect of Transport and Accumulation of K⁺ on Stomata Resistance

Tayeb Saki Nejad ¹, Abdolmehdi Bakhshandeh ², Islam Majidi ²

^1. Assistant Professor Department of Agronomy Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch

^2. Professor Department of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan, Iran

Corresponding Author: drrtayebsaki@aol.com

Abstract: In order to study the stomata physiological changes and the impact of K⁺ cautions move on its changes, research was performed in agronomic research in three years (2000-2003). This research uses factorial experiment design randomized complete block with 4 replications. The factors were different levels of drought stress (S) & different periods of growth (V) with changing the values potassium fertilizer in years study. Measuring process transfer and accumulation of cautions K⁺ distances longitudinal single Plant A =70, B =140-70 and C >140 cm height from the floor indicated that the accumulation of K⁺ leaf total single plant of 1.92  in the control treatment (no water stress) to 3.45  treatment (severe treatments water stress) increases Potassium can be found and the process of emptying the lower leaves (A) to the upper leaves (B and C) increased. In water stress treatment, 50 percent of the total potassium was accumulated in the leaves of a plant height of A, but with stress, 30 percent of the amount discharged and leaves the upper transferred but the transfer could not resist opening convention in stress severely cut, causing back staying openings be such convention that transport K⁺ to the leaves of high resistance, small opening of the 5.81 s / cm in the treatment without stress to the 9.86 s / cm increased and stomata begin to close said. But tensions gentle presence K⁺ prevented the closure of the openings were. With increasing K⁺ fertilizer in the years after testing, assembly the caution in plant leaves was more highly. In the early stages of plant growth, when enough water was available, stomata resistance from its incidence was slightly but imposing severe stress and reproductive growth periods and filling seeds, stomata resistance was increased significantly, the lower leaf surface stomata resistance levels much higher than the leaf supernatant.

[Saki Nejad T. Effect of Transport and Accumulation of K⁺ on Stomata Resistance. J Am Sci 2014;10(7s):7-9]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas1007s14.02

Keywords: Stomata resistance, Drought Stress, K⁺

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Biosorption of Cadmium (II) and Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution by Chemically Modified Tithonia Diversyfolia Biomass

Olasunkanmi, O., Okoronkwo A. E., Aiyesanmi, A.F., Olasehinde, E. F., Adepoju, T.S.

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

feolasehinde@futa.edu.ng

Abstract: The search for alternative and innovative treatment technologies for the effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous wastes has been a research of concerted effort due to the inherent limitations exhibited by the conventional methods such as less efficiency, sensitive operating conditions, energy requirements and generation of toxic sludge or other waste products. Biosorption, the passive uptake of heavy metals by biomaterials has been studied recently because of its high efficiency and cost effectiveness. Therefore, the biosorption capacity of Tithonia diversyfolia biomass chemically modified with sodium hydroxide for the removal of cadmium and chromium ions from aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of temperature, contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, adsorbent dosage and pH on the biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ ions were assessed. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) during the biosorption were evaluated. The results showed that the biosorption process of Cd²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ by chemically modified Tithonia diversyfolia (CMTD) biomass was feasible and exothermic under the studied conditions. The equilibrium process was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum biosorption capacity of 46.75mg/g and 48.00mg/g for Cadmium and Chromium ions, respectively. Kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption of metal ions followed a pseudo-second order equation.

[Olasunkanmi, O. Okoronkwo AE., Aiyesanmi, AF., Olasehinde, EF., Adepoju, TS. Biosorption of Cadmium (II) and Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution by Chemically Modified Tithonia Diversyfolia Biomass. J Am Sci 2014;10(7s):10-18]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3

doi:10.7537/marsjas1007s14.03

Keywords: Biosorption; Tithonia diversyfolia; heavy metals; isotherm; kinetics; thermodynamics

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The detection of a Helicobacter pylori antigen in some different types of gastrointestinal cancers patients

Mohamed Abdel-Raouf ^1, AM Attallah ²*,, MM Omran ³, MS Albannan ², AA Attallah ^2, MI Abou-Dobara⁴

¹ Gastro-Enterology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. ² Research & Development Department, Biotechnology Research Center, New Damietta City, Egypt.³ Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt,

⁴Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt.

mohamed.raouf999@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim: This work is concerned with the identification of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antigen in sera of patients with some different gastrointestinal cancers (pancreatic cancer (PC); gastric cancer (GC) and colon cancer (CC)) and then estimating its impact in the incidence of these different types of cancers. Method: A total of 175 individuals constituted this study (Healthy=75; PC=31; GC=30 and CC=39). Western-blot and ELISA were used for identifying the target H. pylori-antigen. Results: A single immunoreactive band was shown at 58-kDa corresponding to H. pylori-antigen due to its binding with its respective antibody. The detection rate of H. pylori-antigen was found to increase in patients who have CC (64%) when compared to patients who developed GC (60%) or PC (48%) but without any significant difference. Additionally, H.pylori-antigen levels were determined in each type of cancer being maximum in patients who developed CC in comparison with other types of gastrointestinal cancers. As well, H. pylori was found to increase GC and CC-risk, with an estimated odds ratio=1.54 and 1.8 higher than that of GC (OR=0.96). Conclusion: Patients infected with H. pylori were 54% and 80% more likely to be susceptible to GC and CC, respectively, than those without H. pylori-infection.

[Mohamed Abdel-Raouf, AM Attallah, MM Omran, MS Albannan^, AA Attallah, MI Abou-Dobara. The detection of a Helicobacter pylori antigen in some different types of gastrointestinal cancers patients. J Am Sci 2014;10(7s):19-24]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4

doi:10.7537/marsjas1007s14.04

Key words: Helicobacter pylori, pancreatic cancer; gastric cancer; colon cancer

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