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Biological Nutrient Removal in Bardenpho process

Mostafa M. Emara^a,b, Farag A. Ahmed^a, Farouk M. Abd El-Aziz^c and Ahmed M. A. Abd El -Razek^d,e

a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (boys) Al-Azhar University

bScience Center for Detection and Remediation of Environmental Hazards (SCDREH), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

c National Authorities for Water and wastewater, Cairo, Egypt

dPhD student in Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (boys) Al-Azhar University

e El-Watanya company for development and investment, Cairo, Egypt.

Corresponding Author: ahmedchemist2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nitrogen and phosphorus waste loads in streams, lakes, and coastal estuaries can cause algae proliferation, eutrophication and low oxygen levels. The process for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater is widely accepted. Nitrogen removal requires aerobic–anoxic stages, while phosphorus removal requires alternating anaerobic–aerobic stages. Typical conventional biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems include three sequential separated stages: anaerobic / anoxic / aerobic, concluding with a secondary clarifier. In this study, we are concerned with the sewage treatment plant (Fisha Selim wastewater treatment plant). The system used in this plant is rotating biological contactors (RBC). Samples were collected during 2013 from the influent and the effluents of plants. The samples were analyzed following standard procedures for the determination of sludge BOD₅, COD, ammonia, Total Nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, TSS, VSS and other parameters. The results demonstrated that the treated water is not good in some months. So the defect was returned to the operation and RBC system is not good in nutrient removal. The pilot plant was designed to improve the quality of the effluent so we constructed bardenpho processes which remove more pollutants and this modified the pilot plant (A/O process) which I studied in my master. The first two stages of the 4‐stage Bardenpho are identical to the MLE system. The third stage is a secondary anoxic zone to provide denitrification of the portion of the flow that is not recycled to the primary anoxic zone. The fourth and final zone is a re‐aeration zone that serves to strip any nitrogen gas and increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration before clarification. The average removal efficiency in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (Total-N) and total phosphorus for 4 stage bardenpho pilot plant was 97%, 98%, 97%, 97% and 50%. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (Total-N) and total phosphorus for 5 stage bardenpho pilot plant was 99%, 99%, 99%, 99% and 90%.

[Mostafa M. Emara, Farag A. Ahmed, Farouk M. Abd El-Aziz and Ahmed M. A. Abd El –Razek. Biological Nutrient Removal in Bardenpho process. J Am Sci 2014;10(5s):1-9]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas1005s14.01

Keywords: Wastewater, Biological Nutrient Removal, rotating biological contactor, Nitrification, Denitrification, Bardenpho Process, Enhance biological phosphorus removal

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Association of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) Polymorphisms with Growth and Carcass Traits of Barki Sheep

A. H. M. Ibrahim, M. F. Shehata, I. M. Ismail, S. M. A. Gad

Department of Animal Breeding, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf AlMatariya St., Cairo, Egypt.

adelhosseiny2005@yahoo.com

Abstract: Some of the breeding goals for sheep are to increase growth rate and lean meat content and to decrease fat content of carcasses. The measurements of these traits are laborious and expensive by slaughtering animals based on traditional selection method. Therefore, molecular marker can improve selection programs. The objective of this study was to identify allelic and genotype polymorphisms in two regions (exon2-intron2 and exon3-intron3) of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) tool, and also estimating the association of the detected genotype with growth and carcass traits of Egyptian Barki lambs. In the first region, SSCP analysis showed two alleles (A₁ and A₂ with frequency of 0.74 and 0.26 respectively) and three genotypes (A₁A₁, A₁A₂ and A₂A₂ with frequency of 0.53, 0.43 and 0.04 respectively). In the second region, SSCP analysis showed four alleles (B₁, B₂, B₃ and B₄ with frequency of 0.449, 0.409, 0.089 and 0.044 respectively) and eight genotypes (B₁B₁, B₁B₂, B₁B₃, B₁B₄, B₂B₂, B₂B₃, B₂B₄ and B₃B₃ with frequency of 0.160, 0.430, 0.131, 0.022, 0.137, 0.050, 0.056 and 0.014 respectively). General linear effect models revealed that SSCP genotypes in the first region had significant (P˂ 0.05) effect on Flank% and pH meat. Also revealed that the SSCP genotypes in the second region significantly (P˂ 0.05) associated with marketing weight, tail% and fat%, and high significantly (P˂ 0.01) associated with lean meat%.

[A. H. M. Ibrahim, M. F. Shehata, I. M. Ismail, S. M. A. Gad. Association of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) Polymorphisms with Growth and Carcass Traits of Barki Sheep. J Am Sci 2014;10(5s):10-15]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas1005s14.02

Key words: FABP4, growth, carcass, PCR-SSCP, Barki Sheep

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