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Optimization of height at Delta Stiffened in Steel Girders by Numerical Modeling

Farzad Hatami¹ and Neda Esmaeili²

¹Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (R.I.P.I.), Tehran, Iran,

E_mail: hatamif@ripi.ir

²Graduate student in Civil Engineering Construction Management, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Steel girders being built with longitudinal stiffeners were mainly used in bridges for increased resistance along of applied moments. Althogh application of stiffeners will increase the flextural and shear capacity of girders; however the optimized dimensions or thickness of them will be more suitable. In this paper, critical buckling load of the stiffened girders due to applied momets and shears was investigated by using ABAQUS software. For this purpose, by changing load location and stiffener thickness, the buckling load was calculated. The results shows that increasing the web thickness up to certain percent value at compared with web height of girder, critical buckling load, economic position and weight of section will be optmizied.

[Farzad Hatami and Neda Esmaeili. Optimization of height at Delta Stiffened in Steel Girders by Numerical Modeling. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):1-5]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 1

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.01

Keywords: Steel girder, stiffened girder, optimized thickness, Delta Stiffener.

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A Survey of the Lives and Times of Baghi Mohammad Khan and Vali Mohammad Khan Ashtrakhan as Reflected in the Moghimkhani Biographies and other Authentic Historical Documents

Mohammad Geraili Kerapi

Department of History ,Ali Abad katoul branch, Islamic Azad University,Ali abad katoul, Iran

Abstract: Baghi Mohammad Khan was the establisher of Ashtar government in the central Asia. They governed in Transoxiana from 1119 A.D. up to 1598 A.D. Baghi Mohammad Khan who was the founder of the government could defeat Pir-Mohammad Khan Sheybani and established Ashtar Khanyan government in Transoxiana. He could capture Samarqand, the main city, Balkh, Bokhara and Badakhshan. Then he became an uncontested ruler in the area. He was thinking about being protected by a strong government in the area, and although he was in conflict with Safaviyan troops. He wanted to have a relationship with them. Moreover, their protection could multiply his authority in Transoxiana which its explanation is stated in the article. But his rule was not longer than that. And he died in 1114 A.DS. And Valli-Mohammad Khan became his successor. He was not an efficient successor to the government and he was always acting tyrannically in Bokhara. His unjust acts over peasants were a symbol of the weaknesses of his government, therefore he yielded Balkh to his nephew, Imam Qoli Khan and they were frequently in quarrel with each other. Finally, he was killed in a battle against Imam Qloi Khan’s troops near Samarqand. What is regarded in this paper is studying and examining the government of Baghi Mohammad Khan and Valli Mohammad Khan-e- Ashtar Khan in the sensitive area, the Transoxiana, which is a kind of survey through the brilliant history of the area which has observed numerous ups and downs within the history. This is an area which is always regarded by today’s powerful kings including Safaviyyah. The researcher attempted to state a small part of Transoxiana history to those who are interested in the history of Transoxiana.

[Mohammad Geraili Kerapi. A Survey of the Lives and Times of Baghi Mohammad Khan and Vali Mohammad Khan Ashtrakhan as Reflected in the Moghimkhani Biographies and other Authentic Historical Documents. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):6-9]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 2

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.02

Key Words: Ashtar khaniyan Government, Bahgi Mohammad khan-e-Ashtarkhani, ValliMohammad khan-e-Ashtarkhani, Transoxiana area, Qabchaq plain.

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Surveying Social-Cultural Impacts on Tourism Industry

Ali Rostamian^* and Rahele Rostamian

Department of Geography, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

ali.rostamian@yahoo.com

Abstract: Tourism is recognized as a basic preachment of international beauty and also is a tool for improving cultural and social understanding within local levels. Tourism industry is considered as a bridge that is relating human beings and different nations and providing necessity stability of national-social links and it is considered as an important kind on improving international relationships. More attraction of tourism result in more familiarity and communications of people with other country people and subsequently the called exchange of cultural values results. Most of the communications between people is the making-backgrounds of humanity and friendliness and finally they try to be friends and forming unity. Undoubtedly, therefore, obtaining a world fact in tourism industry could be result in exchange of international culture and society.

[Ali Rostamian and Rahele Rostamian. Surveying Social-Cultural Impacts on Tourism Industry. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):10-12 ]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.03

 Keywords: Community, Culture, Tourism industry, Accepting influence.

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Key words: ownership structure, disclosure, Tehran stock exchange, CFO combination.

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Relationship between Work holism and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Schools Employees in Sirjan-Iran

Ali Asghar Golzari¹, Mohammad Montazeri² and Eghbal Paktinat³

¹Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran. Email: Golzare8181@yahoo.com

²Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran. Email: Montazer56@iausirjan.ac.ir

³Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran. Ighbalpaktinat@gmail.com

Abstract: Nowadays, work has been crucial component of human life. Every day people spend a lot of their time in organizations. Unlimited organizational pressures and desires force people to work continually and consequently increase possibility of work holisms formation in people. Work holism phenomenon in particular is experienced in jobs that require high mental energy from employees. The aim of study was to examine the relationship between work holism and organization citizenship behavior among teachers in Sirjan-Iran. The respondents were 200 teachers (100 female and 100 male) in the age range of 30 to 50 years old from selected school in Sirjan. The instruments used for data collection include Spence and Robbinse’s work holism questionnaire, and Konovsky and Organ’s organization citizenship behavior questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that work holism was significantly related to organization citizenship behavior. Also result of the t-test showed that males’ respondents had significantly higher work holism.

 [Ali Asghar Golzari, Mohammad Montazeri and Eghbal Paktinat. Relationship between Work holism and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Schools Employees in Sirjan-Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):18-27]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 5

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.05

Keywords: work holism, work involvement, feeling driven to work, work enjoyment, organization citizenship behavior.

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Accuracy enhancement of 3D Face Reconstruction Using Undecimated Wavelet Transform

Ali Jamali Avilaq ¹, Amir Hossein Rezaie ²

^1. Electrical Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, alijamaloghlu@gmail.com

^2. Electrical Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, rezaie@aut.ac.ir

Abstract: This paper proposes a denoising method for accuracy enhancement of 3D (three dimensional) reconstruction process by shadow moiré. The proposed denoising method based on undecimated wavelet transform (UWT) effectively eliminates noise and grating pattern while retaining useful information. The proposed shadow moiré method is compared with structured lighting method which is a common method for 3D reconstruction, and also it is compared with traditional shadow moiré. Experimental results show that the proposed shadow moiré technique achieves more accuracy in comparison with the traditional shadow moiré and structured lighting techniques.

[Ali Jamali Avilaq, Amir Hossein Rezaie. Accuracy enhancement of 3D Face Reconstruction Using Undecimated Wavelet Transform. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):28- 34]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 6

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.06

Keywords: Shadow moiré; phase shifting; Noise removing; 3D reconstruction.

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Self-perceived Communication Competence: Is It Related to Foreign Language Anxiety and Willingness to Communicate

Mansoor Fahim (PhD) ¹, Maryam Sadat Tabatabaeian (PhD Candidate) ¹

^1. Department of English Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

maryam.tabatabaeian@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the relationships among foreign language anxiety, willingness to communicate (WTC), and self-percieved communication competence (SPCC). To this end, 90 upper intermediate and advanced English learners from Azaran Language College and Avesta Language Institute, Mashhad, Iran were asked to complete 3 questionnaires: Foreign Language Anxiety (FLCAS), Willingness to Communicate (WTC), and Self-perceived Communication Competence. The results of the correlational study indicated that there was a significant relationship between WTC and FLCAS, and SPCC. To further analyze the data, t test and regression analyses were run. t test analysis indicated that the difference between the means of high and low anxiety groups and high and low SPCC groups were significant. Regression analysis also indicated that several predictions can be made regarding these three constructs.

[Fahim M, Tabatabaeian M. Foreign Language Anxiety, and Willingness to Communicate: Are They Related to Self-perceived Communication Competence?J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):35-39]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 7

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.07

Keywords: Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety, Self-perceived Communication Competence, Willingness to Communicate.

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Determination of vitamins in five selected West African green leafy vegetables

Adetutu Adewale^1* Adesokan A. Ayoade¹ and Ezekiel Ayinde Alani²

¹Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; aadetutu@lautech.edu.ng

²Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Abstract: Increased awareness of the usefulness of vegetable inclusions in human food has enhanced their consumption as part of the daily diet. The therapeutic potential of the vegetables is usually attributed to the high content of vital vitamins. The aim of this study is to detect the presence of vitamins A, B₂, C and E in Launaea taraxacifolia, Solanum aethiopicum, Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranthus caudatum and Amaranthus hybridus leaf extracts. The vitamins were extracted using chemical methods and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography system was employed for detection and quantification of the vitamins. These findings show that all the assayed vitamins were present in the selected vegetables in different amounts. The results show that among the green leafy vegetables studied, the level of β-carotene (1957.26 µg/mL) and riboflavin (224.67 µg/mL) was higher in S. aethopicum than the other leafy vegetables. In addition, A. caudatus had the highest level of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol which are 5298.94 µg/mL and 1375.46 µg/mL respectively. Based on the widely reported health benefits of the selected vitamins and the quantity detected in this study, these vegetables might prevent the occurrence of the various diseases. Thus, the level of the various vitamins in these vegetables is of great importance for the generation of a database on nutritional value which is important for future research.

[Adetutu A. Determination of vitamins in five selected green leafy vegetables. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):40-43]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 8

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.08

Keywords: Vegetables; Vitamins; Antioxidants; Protective effect

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Relationship between Parental factors and Academic performance among Adolescents in Kerman-Iran

Elham Dehyadegary¹, Sanaz Cheraghi², Khalil Nematollahi³, EhsanAvatefi Monfared³

1. Neuroscience Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

2. Department Of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.

3. Department of Psychology, Payam-E Noor University, Tehran, Iran

 Corresponding Author: Elham Dehyadegary, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.

Address: Postal Code: 7619813159, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, EbneSina Street, Jahad Blvd. Tel: 0341-2264180, Fax: 0341-2264198,

Email: Elham_De80@Yahoo.Com

Abstract: The present study examined relationship between parental factors influencing students' performance or failure have always been a basic issue in education; however, despite the extensive line of research conducted and a large amount of budgets spent, there are still huge numbers of students who experience failure in academic performance each year. This study utilized a quantitative approach and correlation research design. Respondents of the study consisted of 400 male and female high school students who were identifiedby proportional stratified random sampling technique. Instruments for data collection included Buri’sParent Authority Questionnaire and Paulson’s Parental Academic Involvement Questionnaire.The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that parents’authoritative and permissive styles, parental school involvement were significantly related to academic performance.

[Elham Dehyadegary, Sanaz Cheraghi, Khalil Nematollahi, Ehsan Avatefi Monfared. Relationship between Parental factors and Academic performance among Adolescents in Kerman-Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):44-53]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org 9.

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.09

Keywords: Parenting Style, Parental School Involvement, Academic Performance

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Relationship between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance among adolescents in ISLAMSHAHR AZAD University

Sudabeh Morshedian Rafiee (Ph.D.) ¹ and Zahra Houshmand Neghabi²

¹Assist. Prof. & Faculty Member, Department of Commercial Management, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Iran

²Faculty member, Department of Commercial Management, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Iran. E-mail addresses: ikiu2011@gmail.com

Abstract: The association between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance in high school was studied. Students (550) attending a high school in ISLAMSHAHR AZAD University, Iran completed the Shoutte’s Emotional Quotient Inventory, Morgan & Jink’s Academic Self efficacy, and Short, Feleming, Guiling,& Roper’s Academic Involvement. At the end of the academic year the data was coordinated with students’ academic records for the year. Results of the study showed that emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and academic involvement were significantly related with academic performance. Results are debated in the context of the position of emotional capability, academic self-efficacy, and academic involvement on academic performance.

[Sudabeh Morshedian Rafiee (Ph.D.) and Zahra Houshmand Neghabi. Relationship between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance among adolescents in ISLAMSHAHR AZAD University. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):54-64 ]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.10

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Academic self-efficacy, academic involvement, academic performance

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Comparison of Incidence of Anal-Rectal Syndromes before and after Pelvic Surgery by Routine Methods (Correction of Rectocele, Correction of Cystocele, Perineorrhaphy) in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran-Iran.

Efftekhar Tahereh¹, Afsar Narges^1, Ghanbari Zinat¹, Fatemeh Mostaan¹, Nastaran Chegini²

1- Gynecologist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2- Resident of Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Narges Afsar, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Address: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ghods Street, Enghelab Square. Tel: 0216405666, Fax: 0216419537,

Email: narges@jafarlou.com

Abstract: Uncontrollable excretion of the gas, uncontrollable excretion of lax or hard excrement, weakness in excretion of entire excrement, constipation and need to help the anus or vagina in order to excrete are the set of anal-rectal syndromes which have unpleasant effects on self-confidence, individual and social relationships, marriage and business. Pelvic injuries from delivery are the major cause of these difficulties in women. Because of the qualification of these syndromes and unpleasant effects of them its incidence is estimated lower than the real rate. This study was done to examine the anal-rectal syndromes and rate of its recovery at patients with diagnosis of pelvic organs prolapse who done surgery considering the high incidence of these syndromes and large quantity of corrective surgeries. This study performed on the 22 women that have corrective surgery of pelvic organs prolapse by routine method (rectocele correction, perineorrhaphy with/without cystocele correction) in 2011 at Imam Khomeini Hospital. The criterion of deviation includes patients with inner difficulties which cause the surgery can not be done, patients who were pregnant or were going to be pregnant, women who have delivery during last year, patients with clear fault of anal sphincter and digestive chronic disease (IBD, IBS). The patient was examined from the viewpoint of pelvic disorder (with criterion of PAP-Q) and the result was recorded. Also individual data of every patient about height, weight, number of natural delivery, anal-rectal and urine syndromes was recorded at prepared questionnaires. These data was recorded as the control group and the pelvic examination of every patient were done again after 3 months from surgery and the questionnaires were completed. These data was examined and compared with the previous data as the presence group, considering the correction of disorder of pelvic prolapse in the form of decrease of pelvic anatomic disorder stage (with PAP-Q criterion) and recovery rate of an rectal syndromes, disappearance of previous syndromes or decrease in tormenter rate. Mean age of the patient was 47.55 ±10. There were 4 patients (%18.2) at the age group of 25-40 year old, 13 patients (%59.1) at the age group of 41-55 year old and 5 patients (%22.7) at the age group of over 55 year old. The frequency rate of anal-rectal syndromes, urine system disorders and general syndromes after corrective surgery of pelvic organs prolapse disorder were decreased overall after the surgery. Although, the decrease in the frequency of urinating at short intervals, feeling of presser on the lower part of the abdomen and prolapse or observable mass were statistically significant. Findings of the study showed that rate of recovery in the anal-rectal syndromes, urine system disorders and general syndromes after the corrective surgery of pelvic organs prolapse disorder at the different age groups were the same, except the pain at the genital part or lower part of the abdomen which its recovery was significantly more at the age group of 25-40 year old. According to the findings of study, the rate of pelvic organs prolapse anatomic correction in the patients of the study base on the POP-Q system was statistically significant. Also according to the findings of present study the recovery rate of the anal-rectal syndromes, urine system disorders and general syndromes after corrective surgery of the pelvic organs prolapse disorder arising from the number of delivery there weren't vary. This present study shows that corrective surgery of the pelvic organs prolapse recovers the anatomic disorders of the patients.

[Efftekhar Tahereh, Afsar Narges^, Ghanbari Zinat, Fatemeh Mostaan, Nastaran Chegini. Comparison of Incidence of Anal-Rectal Syndromes before and after Pelvic Surgery by Routine Methods (Correction of Rectocele, Correction of Cystocele, Perineorrhaphy) in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran-Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):65-70]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 11

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.11

Keywords: Anal-Rectal Syndromes, Pelvis Organs Prolapse

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The Effect of Government Size on Economic Growth in Selected Islamic Countries

Mohammad Reza Ahang

^1. Master Of Economics, Planned Economic Systems, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran, rezaahang1984@yahoo.com

Abstract: Islamic countries need to integrate their economies and to achieve maximum economic growth so as to create a union like European Union. Most Islamic countries possess oil- dependent economy which is among factors of rentier states emergence. So, an optimal change in the government expenditures to gross domestic product (government size) is a milestone to reach maximum economic growth. This paper presents evidence for the existence of a relation between economic growth and government expenditure through production function and neoclassical model. Through panel data method, 8 selected Islamic countries were assessed and the results revealed that government size increase has a negative effect on economic growth. If the estimates are accurate, the results may increase economic efficiency of the selected Islamic countries.

[ Mohammad Reza Ahang. The Effect of Government Size on Economic Growth in Selected Islamic Countries. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):72-80]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 12

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.12

Keywords: Economic growth, government size, panel data JEL classification: C23, H50, O40.

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Localization and behavior defect modes in 1D photonic crystal with Right and Left handed material

Behnam kazempour¹, A.Soltani²

^1. Department of physics, Faculty of science, Ahar branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar-Iran

^2. Department of solid state physics, Physics Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

b-kazempour@iau-ahar.ac.ir

Abstract: An analytical was direct matching procedure within the Kronig-Penney model by the use of matrix method was applied to analyze the dispersion behavior of the localized defect layer sandwiched within two symmetric semi-infinite one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs). In this paper, defect modes of the right and left handed material in 1D photonic crystal were studied by the use of the transfer matrix method. It was shown that the dispersion defect mode for the right handed material was positive while for the left handed material these modes could be negative or nearly zero. In this work, the influence the stack sequences of the two semi-infinite background PCs relative to the defect layer and dependence of the defect modes on physical parameters of the defect layer and field profile defect modes in right and left handed material was also reported.

[Behnam kazempour, A.soltani. Localization and behavior defect modes in 1D photonic crystal with Right and Left handed material. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):81-85]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 13

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.13

Keywords: Photonic crystal, Defect modes, Right handed material, Left handed material.

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Relationship between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance among adolescents in Kerman-Iran

Elham Dehyadegary¹, Sanaz Cheraghi², Nazila Ebrahimi³, Maryam Bagheri⁴, Nazanin Nakhaei⁵

1. Neuroscience Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

2. Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.

3. Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, Iran

4. Department of Psychology, TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran.

5. Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

 Corresponding Author: ElhamDehyadegary, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.

Address: Postal Code: 7619813159, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, EbneSina Street, Jahad Blvd. Tel: 0341-2264180, Fax: 0341-2264198, Email: Elham_De80@Yahoo.Com.

Abstract: The association between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance in high school was studied. Students (400) attending a high school in Kerman, Iran completed the Shoutte’sEmotional Quotient Inventory, Morgan &Jink’s Academic Self efficacy, and Short, Feleming, Guiling,& Roper’s Academic Involvement. At the end of the academic year the data was coordinated with students’ academic records for the year. Results of the study showed that emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and academic involvement were significantly related with academic performance. Results are debated in the context of the position of emotional capability, academic self-efficacy, and academic involvement on academic performance.

[Elham Dehyadegary, Sanaz Cheraghi, Nazila Ebrahimi, Maryam Bagheri, Nazanin Nakhaei. Relationship between emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, academic involvement and academic performance among adolescents in Kerman-Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):86-96]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 14

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.14

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Academic self-efficacy, academic involvement, academic performance

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Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)

Hasan Emami and Majid Ghorbani

sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, sari, Iran

hamid_E@yahoo.com

Abstract: Promising potentials include farmers’ own farming systems research, alternatives to questionnaire surveys, monitoring, evaluation and lateral spread by local people, empowerment of the poorer and weaker, and policy review. Changes in personal behavior and attitudes, and in organizational cultures, are implied. PRA parallels and resonates with paradigm shifts in the social and natural sciences, business management, and development thinking, supporting decentralization, local diversity, and personal responsibility. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) as a method falls under the qualitative and participatory group of research methods. PRA evolved from Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA). In recognition of the fact that the community to which development projects are supposed to serve is not involved in the process and the subsequent flaws implicit in designing and implementing such projects, development practitioners and thinkers started to investigate ways for effective community participation in the overall process. This led to a series of information collection techniques used to collect and analyze data in rural areas, nown as Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), which was developed in the 1970s and 1980s.

 [Hasan Emami and Majid Ghorbani. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) . J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):97-107]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 15

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.15

Keywords: Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), rural research.

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Studying Success Rate in Board of Trustees Schools in Hormozgan Province, Iran

Mohammad Taghi Amini¹, Mirza Hassan Hoseini¹, Elham Zakeri (Corresponding Author) ¹

1- Department of Management, Payam Noor University, Qeshm Branch, Qeshm, Iran

zakeri.elham@ymail.com

Abstract: Regarding changes and needs of a growing community that has been raised today in the Islamic Republic of Iran, managing and controlling the organizations traditionally and centralized cannot be effective, and how to manage the organizations needs to be changed. Since the Ministry of Education is as one of the largest ministry which is responsible for school education has an important role in the community. Regarding the rapid pace of modern organizations managing schools traditionally faced with a serious problem and continuing this trend could interfere with the institution of higher goals, so the plan was presented to the school board to be implemented and it is expected new approach change could help the dynamics of these schools. Accordingly, this paper describes the field method and approach with the aim of identifying and measuring the success of schools in implementing the strategy in Board of Trustees elected by the province as the study area was undertaken. As a conclusion, it was stressed that transfer of the management of human capital within an organization can promote the performance and efficient use of all resources and organizational elements that collectively achieve the goals of the organization followed. It would also make recommendations to improve performance in schools and recommendations for further research in this field.

[Amini M.T, Hosseini M.H, Zakeri E. Studying Success Rate in Board of Trustees Schools in Hormozgan Province, Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):108-112]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.16

Keywords: privatizations, Strategy, Balanced Scorecard, Board of Trustees schools.

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Assessment of strategic thinking in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Based on Jane Liedtka model

Zahra Jamalizadeh (Corresponding Author)¹, Gholamreza Jamalizadeh², Seyed Ali Akbar Ahmadi¹, Mohammad Taghi Amini¹

1- Department of Management, Payam Noor University, Qeshm Branch, Qeshm, Iran

2- Director of Treatment, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Zahra.jamalizadeh@ymail.com

Abstract: Strategic thinking on the subject of health care has attracted much attention over the past decade in the field of management and is known as one of the key factors in the effectiveness of the strategic management field. The new strategic concepts of the health system, such as the family physicians clinical governance looking equity in health, make strategic thinking tangible more than past. This study evaluates the strategic thinking in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences based on Jane Liedtka model. In this descriptive - comparative study, strategic thinking was assessed by 104 managers, supervisors and key experts in the field of academic staff using questionnaire for developed strategic thinking based on Jeanne models on five elements, systems perspective, focusing on the opportunity seeking intelligent, thinking at the time, and tests of hypotheses. The data showed that the systemic approach in comparison with other elements is in the lowest level (M = 17.85, SD = 4.00) and in the highest concentration of 20.15, SD = 2.53) M =) at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Comparison of the five elements in paired t-test showed that the application focuses on the elements and other elements that a significant difference was observed. Second element of the test was in terms of theory and application in college. Seeking an opportunity intelligently and thinking in time are two elements that were mediocre in university.

[Jamalizadeh Z, Jamalizadeh G, Ahmadi S.A.A, Amini M.T. Assessment of strategic thinking in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Based on Jane Liedtka model. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):113-117]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 17

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.17

Keywords: strategic thinking, systems perspective, focusing on the goal, seeking opportunities intelligently, thinking at the time, making and testing hypotheses.

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Functions and duties in Private extension

Koroosh Nazarpoor

Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

Koroosh1358@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diverse agricultural extension funding and delivery arrangements have been undertaken since the mid-1980s by governments worldwide in the name of "privatization." When agricultural extension is discussed, privatization is used in the broadest sense – of introducing or increasing private sector participation, which does not necessarily imply a transfer of designated state-owned assets to the private sector. In fact, various cost-recovery, commercialization, and other so-called privatization alternatives have been adopted to improve agricultural extension. The form and content of decentralization has dominated development discourse and public sector reform agenda in Kenya in the last two decades. The evolution of public agricultural extension arrived at a worldwide turning point in the 1980s, one that represented the end of a major phase in the growth of publicly funded extension in both the developed and developing world. Agricultural extension increasingly has become defined as one or other of (apparently) differentiated activities of technology transfer or rural development. In many situations, the transfer of technology, heretofore considered the purview of public sector systems, has been reconceived. Such changes suggest a refocussing of paradigms for the delivery of public sector extension.

[Koroosh Nazarpoor. Functions and duties in Private extension. J Am Sci 2013;9(s):118-123]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 18

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.18

Keywords: private extension.

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Characteristics of adults and children in education

Mohaddaseh Nazarpoor

Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran

Nazarpoor_M@yahoo.com

Abstract: adult education in the local agricultural education program is an essential component of the "total" program. Offering adult education programs helps to keep farmers and agribusiness employees better informed of current trends and provides them with opportunities to learn new skills and improve existing ones. Teaching adults can be very challenging, but also very rewarding. Most teachers would agree that the benefits derived from a successful adult education program in agriculture far outweigh the costs. In addition to the direct benefits to adult participants, the teacher, the school, the community, and the secondary program also benefit from a quality adult education program in agriculture. Adults in agriculture use a number of sources to gain new information that can be used to help them solve problems. Persons employed in agriculture utilize newspapers, magazines, newsletters, radio, television, government publications, internet, and meetings to gather information which can be directly utilized in their business activities. In many communities, the agriculture teacher is the primary source of agricultural information.

[Mohaddaseh Nazarpoor. Characteristics of adults and children in education. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):124-129]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 19

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.19

Keywords: adult education, learning.

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Effective strategies on exports of shrimp and fish in Hormozgan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran

 Mohammad Taghi Amini¹, Mirza Hassan Hosseini¹, Roghayeh Hosseini (Corresponding Author) ¹

^1. Department of Management, Payam Noor University, Qeshm Branch, Qeshm, Iran

hosseiniroghayeh@ymail.com

Abstract: Fish and seafood from have been considered from the past as one of the very important food regarding medicinal values. In recent decades, due to increasing population growth and while half of the world's people are undernourished, fish can play a significant role in supplying the consuming protein for people. Therefore, marketing in order to maintain the current target markets and finding defenseless areas for export development can be highly valuable. According to official reports from the Customs and Fisheries website of Islamic Republic of Iran, shrimp and fish exports in the Hormozgan Province is not in a proper position in the rankings, although during recent years, other exporting items have largely faced with similar problems that the most important reason for them has been the weakness in the quality of developed strategic plans implementation for export development. Based on this, marine products market analysis and providing a solution for existing problems will greatly help in development of non-oil exports in Iran in addition to the sustainability of marine resources. Thus, the aim of this research is to provide strategies influencing the fish and shrimp exports by performing a case study of Hormozgan Province, Iran. Accordingly, in this study, after extensive review and study of the research literature and effective strategies on fish and shrimp exports as well as the use of surveying from the connoisseurs, the gap analysis method to was chosen for assessment of effective strategies on fish and shrimp exports in the Hormozgan Province; then, after analyzing the responses, some suggestions on improving the opportunities and strengths and reducing the weaknesses and threats on the topic were provided.

[Amini M.T, Hosseini M.H, Hosseini R. Effective strategies on exports of shrimp and fish in Hormozgan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):130-136]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 20

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.20

Keywords: Strategic planning; Strategy; Fish and shrimp exports; Hormozgan Province.

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A Novel Object Tracking Algorithm using Kalman Filter with Adaptive Prediction

Hamidreza Rabiee¹, Javad Haddadnia^2*, Omid Rahmani Seryasat³,

^1,3, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

^2. Associate Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hakim Sabzevari University & Center for Research of Advanced Medical Technologies, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^*Corresponding author: Haddadnia@sttu.ac.ir

Abstract. Our method tracks the changing rate of the transform parameters and makes prediction on future values of the transform parameters to determine the initial searching point. More importantly, noises in the Kalman filter are effectively estimated in our approach without any artificial assumption, which makes our method able to adapt to various target motions and searching step sizes without any manual intervention. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm. With a dynamic measurement error covariance computed from these estimates, we attempt to produce an overall object tracking filter that combines each algorithm’s best-case behavior while diminishing worst-case behavior. This filter is intended to be robust without being programmed with any environment-specific rules.

[Hamidreza Rabiee, Javad Haddadnia, Omid Rahmani Seryasat. A Novel Object Tracking Algorithm using Kalman Filter with Adaptive Prediction. J Am Sci 2013;9(2s):137-142]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 21

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.21

Keywords: Object tracking, coordinate transform, initial searching point, adaptive Kalman filter.

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The Ameliorating Effects of Fennel Powder, Extract and Oil on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

¹Soheir Ahamed Al-Masri and ²Waffa, Sh. Ali

¹Food Sciences and Nutrition Dept, Faculty of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saud Arabia

²Nutrition and Food Sciences Dept , Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Egypt.

almasrisoheir@yahoo.com

Abstract: The current study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of fennel powder, extract and oil on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 35 adult female sprague Dawley rats were classified into five groups. The first group was kept on standard diet all over the period of the experiment. The other groups administered gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days i.p). These animals were assigned as control (+ve) group and treated groups which were fennel powder, extract and oil. The treatment period was 45 days. The obtained results showed that gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity was manifested by increase levels of kidney function indicator, serum nitric oxide (NO) and kidney malondialdyde (MDA) but showed a significant decrease in weight gain , food efficiency ratio(FER), and also antioxidants enzymes in serum and kidney and that appeared obviously in control(+ve) rat group. Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity rat groups which treated with fennel powder, extract and oil could improve the levels of urea and uric acid in comparing to control (+ve). Also they showed improvement of antioxidant enzymes as increase of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, and glutathione transferase (GST) and decrease of serum NO compared with control (+ve) group. Fennel oil group showed normal values of kidney antioxidant enzymes compared with normal group. The results of this study clearly indicate that fennel powder, extract and oil have a potent antioxidant and ameliorate in rats gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

[Soheir Ahamed Al-Masri and Waffa, Sh. Ali. The Ameliorating Effects of Fennel Powder, Extract and Oil on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. J Am Sci 2013;9(9s):143-148]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 22

doi:10.7537/marsjas0902s13.22

Keywords: fennel powder –fennel extract-fenel oil -gentamicin-rats.

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