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The Journal of American Science
ISSN 1545-1003
Volume 6, Issue 8, Cumulated
No. 29
Cover
Page, Introduction, Contents, Call
for Papers, am0608;
August 25, 2010
All
comments are welcome: editor@americanscience.org
Welcome to send your
manuscript(s) to: americansciencej@gmail.com.
CONTENTS
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Titles / Authors
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1
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The Geology and Geochemistry of
Metavolcanic Rocks from Artoli Area, Berber
Province, Northern Sudan: An Implication for
Petrogenetic and Tectonic Setting
Nureldin Hassan Lissan 1,
Abdallah Kodi Bakheit 2
1. Faculty of Earth Resources, China
University of Geosciences, No.
388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, China. 2.
Department of Geology and Mining, College of Natural Resources,
University of Juba, Khartoum, Sudan. lissannh14@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
study investigates the geology and the rock geochemistry across
an area of about 1250 km2 in the vicinity of Artoli village, Berber Province,
Northern Sudan, in order to
determine the petrographic characteristics of the rock
assemblages, their original protoliths and tectonic
environment. Field and laboratory works have revealed that the
study area is entirely underlain by crystalline Proterozioc
basement complex, which comprises dominantly low-grade
schistosed metavolcanic rocks and minor high-grade
metasediments, intruded by voluminous granitiod batholiths and
covered locally by Tertiary and Recent sediments. The
metavolcanics are originally rocks of variable compositions
mostly of basic, intermediate to intermediate-acidic volcanic
rocks parentage as confirmed by the chemical classification,
which classified them as differentiated rocks of andisites,
basaltic-andisites with lesser amount of dacites and basalts.
The discrimination diagrams constructed enabled to identify the
metavolcanic rocks of the area as sub-alkaline volcanic series
carrying evolutionary trends of calc-alkaline affinity in a
plate tectonic setting related to island arc environment. The
overall geological and geochemical characteristics of the
Artoli metavolcanic rocks provided essential evidence
indicating that the area is a part of the westernmost Nubian
Shield, as the features are consistent with the arc accretion
models postulated in Sudan,
Egypt and Saudi Arabia
for the Neoproterozoic evolution of the Arabian-Nubian Shield.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):1-13]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.01
Keywords: Artoli;
Tectonics N Sudan; Artoli
Metavolcanics; Geochemistry ANS
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2
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Microscopic Evaluation of the Role of Yeast Extract in
Flutamide Hepatotoxicity
Hafiza A. Sharaf ¹, FathyE. Mattar ².
Nabila S. Hassan ¹ and Manal Mahmoud³
¹pathology Department. National
Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
²Histology Dept., Faculty of
Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt
³Biology Dept., Faculty of Applied
Science For Girls. Umelqura University, Macca,. K.S.A.
Abstract: The possible protective role of yeast
extract from hepatotoxicity produced by flutamide administration
was evaluated using histological, quantitative histochemical
and immunohistochemical methods. Twenty four adult male albino
rats were divided into three groups: the control group was
drenched water; the flutamide treated group was drenched 100mg/kg/
day aqueous flutamide solution; and the flutamide and yeast
extract treated group was drenched 4.8mg/kg/day yeast extract
for 15 days then flutamide and yeast extract for another 15
days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed
and their livers were fixed, processed for wax embedding. Six
micrometer sections were prepared for study of general
structural changes using Hematoxylin and eosin stain, DNA
evaluation using Feulgen method, and immunohistochemical
evaluation of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen).
Morphometry and cytophotometric measurements were performed
using Image Pro Plus image analysis software (Media Cybernetics
Inc. 2002). The quantitative data were statistically analyzed
using Microsoft Excel XP 2003. Liver of rats treated with
flutamide presented several signs of injury which was
ameliorated in livers of animals treated with yeast plus
flutamide. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):14-18].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.02
Keywords: Flutamide- yeast – Histology -
Histochemistry - Immunohistochemistry –Liver - DNA
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Hydration Characteristics of
Autoclaved Cement Kiln Dust-Sludge- Silica Fume Pastes
M.S. Amin* and F.S. Hashem
Chemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams University,
Cairo, Egypt. mohamedsamin@hotmail.com
Abstract: Autoclaved cement kiln dust (CKD) and
sludge pastes made with and without silica fume were
hydrothermally hardened at a pressure of 8 atm. of saturated
steam for different autoclaving ages. Hydration characteristics
of the autoclaved CKD-sludge-silica fume pastes were studied by
the determination of compressive strength and chemically
combined water contents at different autoclaving ages. The
phase composition and morphology of the formed hydrates were
studied using x-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron
microscope. The replacement of silica fume in CKD-sludge
mixtures results in a marked increase in strength values of the
autoclaved specimens at all stages of the hydrothermal process.
The results of x-ray diffraction analysis and SEM-micrographs
of autoclaved specimens for various mixtures indicated that the
main hydration products identified are calcium silicates
hydrated and minor amounts of CaCO3. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(8):19-26]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.03
Key words: cement kiln dust, sludge, silica
fume, hydrothermal treatment
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Effect of Rose Bengal on Hylemyia
antiqa (Meigen) ( Diptera :Anthomyiidae)
Noeman B. AREF
Plant
protect. Dept., National Research Centre, Dokky, Cairo Egypt.
Abstract:
Rose Bengal as photosensitizers material used as insecticide
after the addition of a specific hydrocarbon to control different stages of the onion
fly Hylemyia antiqua (egg, larval, pupal and adult ) with different doses (
o.o1270, 0.00145, 0.00127, 0.000029 µg /L), with different light expose time. Most of these treatments
eradicate the target pest. pupae stages of H. antiqua
could be sensitive to photosensitizer because it can be
controlled during 4only 15 sec. then eggs instar that
could be controlled
during 30 sec. but adult instar could be controlled with 60
sec. from light exposure to direct sun light and later 4th
instar larvae which needed to, at lest 15 min. to be controlled
with the same concentration from used photosensitizer. This is
to prove that
photosynthtizers can play an active role in pest
control. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):27-30]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.04
Keywords: Rose
Bengal; photosensitizer; hydrocarbon; onion; fly Hylemyia
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Derivations of Tensor Product of
Finite Number of Simple
C*-Algebras.
Zeinab M. Abd EL-Kader1,
Adel M. Zaki2, Reham M. Esmail1
Mathematics Dept. Faculty of Science, Helwan
University1, Mathematics Dept., Canadian
International College2, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract: In this paper we construct the
derivations of  in terms of the derivations of
some simple  -algebras
Also we introduce the concept
of relative compatibility of finite number of - derivations We express the general form
of any element c in the kernel of where  and  in
terms of some simple tensor product  , . Finally we get a precise form of derivations in
terms of a sequence of derivation  on
 and their basis .For resent results see [1],[3],[5] and
[10]. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):31-38]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.05
Key words: Simple -algebra;
Tensor product of -algebra;
A-derivation; Compatible derivation.
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Study the Suitability of Cheese Whey
for Bio-Butanol Production by Clostridia
Mervat I. Foda1* Hong Joun2 and Yin
Li2
1*Dairy Science Dept., National Research Center, Cairo,
Egypt, 2Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing, China. *mervat1m@yahoo.com
Abstract: The aim of
the present paper is to investigate the feasibility of
bio-butanol production by batch fermentation of cheese whey a
dairy industry waste characterized by lactose concentration
ranging from 4.5% to 5.0 % (w/w). The microorganisms used to
carry out the fermentation processes was Clostridium
acetobutylicum DSM 792 and Clostridium acetobutylicum
AS 1.224. Preliminary experiments,
performed in aerobic conditions on lactose medium lab
experiments, have shown that Clostridium
acetobutylicum DSM 792 was the best in the solvents
production compared with AS 1.224. The
bio reactor batch experiments were carried out on lactose and
cheese whey media. The experimental data have demonstrated the
process feasibility that cheese whey is an excellent substrate
for fermentation and exhibits better performance with respect
to lactose medium. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):39-46]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.06
Key words: cheese whey, lactose, bio-butanol,
bio-ethanol, Clostridium acetobutylicum
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Green Algae for
Improving Nutritional and Environmental Status of Fish Pond
Production
El-Sayed, A. B; El-Fouly, M.M. and
Abdel-Maguid, A.A.
National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract:
Four
large scale ponds of aquaculture (10.000m2x1.5m
depth) were used in this study to investigate the effect of
algal addition on water quality and fish yield without water
re-newing. Prior cultivation at the first of October, each pond
received 50 kg
super phosphate, 50
kg urea 46.5% N and 6m3
organic poultry manure to enhance the growth of natural flora.
Two weeks later (second half of October) about 70,000 fishes
were inoculated. When fish reached 20g of their fresh weight,
100kg of fresh a live algal bulk Scenedesmus sp.
containing 75% moisture was added to each treated pond. Water
analysis including E.C, water pH and nutrients as well as
dissolved oxygen were periodically conducted. Comparing
measurements of algal treated ponds with those of the control
pond showed that addition of algae resulted in increasing
dissolved oxygen and reducing water pH (to become around the
neutral pH reaction) due to ammonium consumption and aeration
and slightly to water re-newing. Decreasing electric
conductivity (E.C.) of the remained water was varied with
respect to the former reasons. The results also showed that
night respiration of algae was slightly blocked as ponds were
aerated by the circulated water pump and illuminated during
night growth. Fish yield of algal treated ponds was increased
by 10% increases, while such pond plus aeration was increased
by about 25% as compared with the control pond. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(8):47-55]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.07
Keywords: Green Algae; nutritional;
environmental; fish pond
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Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Vitamin E
on Heavy Metals Intoxication in Male Albino Rats
Mostafa M.H. Osfor; *Hoda S. Ibrahim;
*Yousria A. Mohamed; *Seham M. Ahmed. Amal S. Abd El Azeem and
Amany M. Hegazy
Nutrition & Food Sciences Dept.,
National Research Center and Nutrition & Food sciences
Dept., Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan Univ.
Abstract: The present study was carried out to
investigate the effect of some nutrients on Nutritional and
Health status in copper and lead intoxicated male albino rats.
Fifty male albino rats weighing (125±7 g) were used.
The rats were divided into 5 groups (10 rats each). The first
group received the basal diet only and served as control. The
second and third groups received copper (copper sulfate in
water at dose of 0.1 mg /kg body weight) with alpha lipoic acid
(40 mg/kg body weight) and Vitamin E (20 mg/kg body weight)
respectively. Fourth and fifth groups received lead (lead
acetate in water at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight) with alpha
lipoic acid and Vitamin E respectively.. At the end of the
experimental periods, blood samples were collected from Orbital
plexus, the rats sacrificed, organs were weighed, and kept for
metal determination. The obtained results revealed that alpha
lipoic acid (ALA)
and vitamin E could improved daily food intake, body weight
gain and feed efficiency ratio; reduced copper and lead levels
in serum and tissues as well as diminished ALT, AST, urea and
creatinine levels in lead and copper intoxicated rats.
Therefore, the current study recommends that alpha lipoic acid
or Vit. E (or both of them), should be administered to minimize
the toxic effects of lead and copper. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(8):56-63]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.08
Key words: heavy metals intoxication - copper lead
- rats - alpha lipoic acid- vitamin E - liver function kidney
function
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Influence of
Nano-bodies produced from Gram-negative Bacteria against
infection with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa induced Bronchial
Pneumonia with special references to their effect on Immune
system in Male Albino Rats
M.M. H. Osfor;
E. A. Azab* I. A. Selim* and
Amal S. Abd El Azeem and Amany M. Hegazy
Nutrition
& food Sciences Department, National
Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
Microbiological Department,
Faculty of Science, Tanta
University,Egypt
Abstract: Seventeen
Gram-negative isolates were tested for Nano bodies or Membrane
Vesicles production and their bacteriolytic activity against
different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most
Nano bodies producing bacterial isolates were exposed to the
antibiotics Cefotaxime and Gentamycin, which induced the
production of Cefotaxime membrane vesicles(c-MVs) and
Gentamycin membrane Vesicles (g-MVs), respectively. The c-MVs
and g-MVs are larger with higher lytic activities against the
susceptible host bacteria when compared to those produced under
normal growth conditions. Influence of these Nano bodies from
Proteus vulgaris on the morbidity and mortality rates of albino
rats was investigated and the results revealed that the animal
resist the pseudomonas aeruginosa infection which induced
chronic bronchial pneumonia. Also, the nano bodies from Erwinia
cartovora and Proteus vulgaris were tested as vaccine in rats
to protect them against Lethal (LD) and Sub-lethal (SLD) doses
(acute and chronic infection) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
surprisingly results, the animals lived till the end of the
expermintal period. The vaccinated rats challenged with LD or
SLD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high clearance of the
pathogen from Lung, Spleen, Liver and Blood when compared to
the bacterial counts in control rat groups. The result of the
present study proved that Nano bodies or membrane vesicles from
Erwinia cartovora and Proteus vulgaris could enhance the immune
response of animals and gave the protection against pseudomonas
aeruginosa induced Bronchial Pneumonia. So, Nano bodies or
membrane vesicles can be expressed as a new strong antigenic
structure could have the ability to enhance the immune
response, and also, expressed as a new hope as
antibiotic, vaccine and a biological control for human and
animal. Further studies on the effect of these nano bodies on
other Auto-immune, cncer and different chronic diseases might
be needed. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):64-71]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.09
Keywords: Nano-bodies, Gram-negative
Bacteria, Immune system.
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Effect of Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)
Infestation on the Performance and Immune Profile in Vaccinated
broiler breeder flocks
H.A. Kaoud† and Ahmed
R. El-Dahshan
†: Department of Veterinary Hygiene,
Environmental Pollution and Management, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221,
Egypt.
*Email: ka-oud@link.net
Abstract: The article aimed to: (1)
Investigate the impact of red mite infestation on performance
of broiler breeders (egg production, mortality and egg-
livability). (2) Assess the effect of red mite on immunological
response of humeral antibodies (antibody levels) of vaccinated
broiler breeders against Infectious bronchitis (IB), Infectious
bursal disease (IBD), Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE), Chicken
infectious anemia (CAV), Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian
Influenza (H5N1). According to the degree of infestation of the
house, the obtained data were arranged into 4 groups: G1:
houses of no infestation, G2: low, G3: houses of high and G4:
houses of very high infestation. Results revealed that: (1)
there were significant differences between the house
infestation and mortality rate, egg production as well as egg
livability percentage of breeders. (2) There were highly
significant differences between the house infestation and the
immune response (level of antibodies titre) in vaccinated
breeders against:, Infectious bronchitis (IB), Infectious
bursal disease (IBD), Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE), Chicken
infectious anemia (CAV), Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian
Influenza (H5N1). [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(8):72-78]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.10
Keywords: Degree of infestation,
Vaccination, Immune response, Egg performance
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Heavy Metals
Bio-Remediation by Immobilized
Saccharomyces cervisiae and Opuntia ficus indica Waste
ِA.S. Gad1, M. Attia2,
H.A. Ahmed3
1Chemistry of
Natural and Microbial Products Dept. Agriculture
Microbiology Dept.2,
3-Biochemistry Dept., NRC, Dokki, Egypt
Abstract: The sub lethal
concentrations used in
the biosorption medium of Saccharomyces cevisiae were 35 mg/l,
Cu(II); 15 mg/l,Cd(II) and 25 mg/l, Fe(III). 18 h equilibrium
time needed for maximum metal removal, (100mg/l) metals adapted S. cevisiae
have no enhancing effect
upon metal removal, addition of 4 mg/l cystine amino acid have
enhanced effect upon metal removal, 5.5 initial pH, 3 %(v/v)
inoculums concentration, NaOH treatment resulted in 36, 18, 33% for
Cu(II), Cd(II) and Fe(III) respectively. Alginate Immobilized S.
cevisiae removed
67.33 and 45.995 % for Cu(II), Cd(II) and 60.38 for
Fe(III), respectively at 30○C and 200rpm advanced over polyutherene foam immobilized
cells. 10%(v/v) Opuntia ficus indica polyelectrolyte
and 150 rpm agitation speed
are optimum for metal removal in biosorption medium at 30○C. Wastewater
treatment with polyurethane foam, alginate immobilized
cells and natural
polyelectrolyte revealed that alginate immobilized cells is the
most successful. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(8):79-87]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.11
Keywords: Heavy Metals; Bio-Remediation; Saccharomyces
cervisiae; Opuntia ficus indica
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Potency of Pseudomonas fluorescens a
Biotic Inducer
Inhibitors Against
Cucummber mosaic Cucumovirus.
1El-Dougdoug,
Kh. A.; 2Shamy, M.M.M. and 3Heba, M.A.
Khalil
1Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., 2
Botany Dept., Fac. Sci., El-Monofia Univ., 3 Microbiol.
Dept., Soil, Water and Environment Inst. Agric., Res. Center,
Giza, Egypt.
Abstract: An antiviral producing Ps. Fluorescens
when designated a EG isolates from potato rhizosphere soil in
Egypt were identified based on morphological; biochemical tests
and protein polymorphism. The strains were grown in
King’s B broth medium and the culture supernatent
obtained was filtered through a 0.45 µl filter. It was further
boiled at 100ŗC for 10 min and tested to induce LAR and SAR for
its ability to control a Satellite cucumber mosaic virus (st.
CMV-EG). In Local acquire resistance (LAR) boiled culture
filtrate (BCF) was treated on one half of the leaves of
Chenopodium amaranticolor followed by st. CMV. EG inoculated on
both halves. In the systemic acquire resistance (SAR), BCF was
treated on the lower leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa, and st
CMV-EC mechanically inoculated onto the untreated upper leaves.
In LAR. BCF treatment was able to considerably reduce the
number of viral lesion and in SAR plants treated with BCF shown
no visible and mild mosaic viral symptoms, compared to the
King’s B media and remained throughout the study period.
Thus, Ps. Fluorescens was able to produce an antiviral
component in the culture filtrate, which was found to be heat
stable, non-phytotoxic and effective in local as well as
systemic host of CMV.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):88-93]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.12
Key words: Boiled culture filtrate (BCF),
cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), local lesion, Pseudomonas
fluorescens
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Molecular Analysis of Cucumber Mosaic
Cucumovirus Symptoms Development on Squash Plants
M.M.M. El-Shamy
Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci. El-Monofia
Univ., Egypt.
Abstract: A wide range of severe symptoms were
appeared on inoculated squash plants (Cucmus pepo cv.
El-Skandrani) with CMV under greenhouse condition. One of the
first signs of systemic CMV infection, is vein clearing in the
youngest leaves (about 7 days), the veins become translucent
and leave produced subsequently showed a mosaic (about 10 days)
severe mosaic and mottling (about 15 days). Then changed in
leaves growth form i.e. little, malformation and no-Lamina
giving shoestring the so-called fern leaf (about 20-25 days).
The virus was transferred from each symptom to squash and
chenopodium amaranticolor plants by sap mechanical inoculation
then conformed by DBIA-assay. The change in chlorophyll
contents to ensure that all these symptoms resulted from CMV-s
EG. SDS-PAGE, peroxidase isozyme separation and RAPD-PCR to
molecular analyze of S-CMV-EG symptoms development on squash
plant leaves. SDS-PAGE of protein separation showed variability
protein pattern and contents of healthy and S-CMV symptoms
infected squash leaves (m-mosaic, S-mosaic, crinkling and
malformation) with 24, 26, 28, 25, 20 and 22, 21, 20, 22, 16
soluble and unsoluble
polypeptides respectively. As well as. DISC-PAGE isozyme
showed 6, 7, 8 and 8 peroxidase isozymes respectively.
RAPD-analysis revealed DNA polymorphic among CMV-symptom
development on squash plants. RAPD analysis using two random
primers revealed 8 polymorphic of total 15 amplified fragments
with 53% under CMV infection. Crinkle symptoms revealed the
highest number with 18 markers followed by S-mosaic 17 and malformation
16 and mild mosaic with 15 bands. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):94-103]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.13
Key words:
Squash plants, CMV symptoms development, SDS-PAGE,
DISC-PAGE, PAPD PCR
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Genetic Diversity of Shistosoma
mansoni Isolates Genome and Protein Analysis
Mohammed Yahia Araishi
Collage of health Science, Jazan
Univ., Saudi Arabia.
Abstract: Five of Shistosoma mansoni isolates which
differ in disease potential show genetic variability. Esterase
isozymes, protein pattern and DNA finger-print analysis
successfully revealed genetic diversity. DISC PAGE esterase
isozymes revealed 5 bands which differ in density and relative
mobility among SM1, SM3, SM4, SM5, while 4 bands with SM2.
SDS-PAGE of protein
finger print varied among the five isolates in number of
protein species 19.18, 17.16 and 16 bands of SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4
and SM5 isolates respectively as well as in intensity. Molecular
weight and reproducibility polymorphism analysis presented 12
common fragments (monomorphic) with 54%, 8 specific bands
(polymorphic) with 45% and 4 bands unique with 20%. RAPD-PCR
for identification of the 5 S. monsoni isolates were conducted
on the screening of primers and on the extraction of template
DNA. Three out of 10 sequence 10 mer primers were successful in
identification of the 5 S. monsoni isolates. PCR amplification
yielded reproducible RAPD patterns which differentiated the 5
isolates examined. The difference also recognized the RAPD
patterns specially of SM5. Esterase isozymes, protein and DNA
fragments conformed the genetic diversity among 5 S. mansoni
isolates. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):104-110].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.14
Key words:
S. mansoni, esterase isozymes DISC-PAGE,
RAPD-PCR, protein and DNA fragments
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Phenotypic and
Genetic Variability Among Three Bacillus Megatherium Isolates.
I. In Viro Evoluation of Tri-Calcium Phosphate
Solubilizing Potential and Growth Pattern
Nahid El-Aiat
Botany Dept.,
Fac. of Sci. Benha Univ., Egypt.
Abstract: Three B. megatherium isolates namely BM1, BM2
and BM3 were isolated from different soil types. These
isolates were evaluated phosphate solubilizing ability in vitro. Aleksandrov’s medium (AM)
supplemented with tri-calcium phosphate at concentration
(0.5%). These isolates formed three morphological colony types.
Circular colonies < 1 mm with entire margin and dry; flatter
colonies > 1 mm irregular entire edge ith gum and convex
colonies < 2 mm with entire margin and wet. The isolates
have a variable degrees in release of soluble phosphate amount
in culture media supplemental with insoluble phosphate. The BM1
isolate was most powerful P-solubilizer followed by BM2
isolates detected on AM culture medium. It was observed
decreasing in pH due to an increase of total acidity and amount
of soluble P in their culture media. The isolates were differed
in exopolysaccharides (EPS) production. However, the capacity
of P dissolution and viscosity of culture media depending on
the quality of EPS produced by B. megatherium isolates. The BM1 isolate
grown in AM culture media produced the highest amount of EPS
and viscosity compared with BM2 and BM3
isolates. Higher amounts of organic acid oxalic citric,
tartaric and furmaric were produced by BM2 and BM3
in AM culture media accompanied with lowest amount of EPS.
Current data showed that, inoculation AM media with 3 isolates
of B. megatherium having a variable degrees of
metabolic effectiveness led to partial degradation of P,
resulting in release of higher amounts of soluble P in the
culture media. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):111-115].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.15
Key words:
B. megatherium isolates, P rock mineral
dissolution mechanism ESP, organic acid
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Phenotypic and
Genotypic Variability among Three Bacillus megatherium
Isolates. 2- Molecular detection of Orthocide Fungicide
Biodegradation
Nahid El-Aiat
Botany Dept.,
Fac. of Sci. Benha Univ., Egypt.
Abstract: Three B. megatherium isolates (BM1,
BM2 and BM3) showed a great ability to degrade the fungicidal
orthocide 75 (95% Captan) in vitro and in vivo. They differed
in their ability to orthocide degradation in vitro with 14,
10.8 and 9.0% for BM1, BM2 and BM3 isolates respectively in the
course 48 hr incubation. In addition they different in their
ability to orthocide degradation in soil in the course 30 days
earlier the fungicide treatment. Residual fungicide determined
by GLC after 10, 20 and 30 days. It is clear that B.
megatherium isolate B1 was the most active isolate degrading
fungicide. The percentage of orthocide residual were 16, 20, 35
(non-sterilized soil) 43, 46 and 47% (sterilized soil) at 30
days for BM1, BM2and BM3 isolates respectively. On the other
hand, the effect of orthocide on B. megatherium growth was
little (non-observed). B. megatherium isolates were varied in
dehalogenase activity the data showed the level of enzyme
activity was found to be considerably higher in BM1 isolate
followed by BM2 and BM3. Dehalogenase gene was successfully
detected in total DNA genome of three isolates by polymerase
chain reaction (PCR), where as showed differences among
isolates related to number, density and size of isozymes
(bands). In addition base pairs nucleotides (gene) were one
band (478 bp) BM1, 3 bands (1059, 560, 478 bp) BM2 and 3 bands
(1300, 800, 478 b[) BM3, isolates relative mobility and
density. The similarity of dehalogenase activity 20% among
three B. megatherium isolates.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):116-121]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.16
Key words: Fungicide biodegradation,
Dehalogenase PCR; B. megatherium, GLC.
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Molecular
Characterization of Nematodes Affected by Heavy Metal
El-Hady, M.
Zoology Dept., Science, Fac. Benha
Univ., Egypt
Abstract: Four Meloidogynidae (M.
incognita EG., M. incognita, M. Javanica and M.
hapla) isolates under heavy metals potentially of sewage
irrigation were differed in disease severity. Meloidogynidae
isolates were appeared low in disease severity on tomato plants
compared with M. incognita EG. The lowest of infection
due to effect of heavy metals of sewage irrigation. Four of Meloidogynidae
isolates which differ in disease potential show genetic
variability. Protein pattern, endo
b-1-4 gluconase isozymes, and DNA
fingerprint successfully revealed genetic diversity. DISC PAGE
endo
b-1-4
gluconase isozymes revealed 8 hands which differ in density,
relative mobility and number among 4 Meloidogynidae
isolates. SDS-PAGE of protein patterns varied among 4 isolates
in number, density and molecular weight of protein species, 13,
16, 17 and 17 bands of M. incognita. EG; M. incognita,
M. gavanica and M. hapla isolates, respectively.
As well as reproducibility polymorphism revealed 10 common
polypeptidies (monomorphic) with 50%; 7 specific polypeptidies
(polymorphic) with 35% and 3 unique polypeptidies (protein
marker) with 15%. RAPD-PCR for identification of 4 Meloidogynitae
isolates were conducted on the screening primers and on the
extraction of template DNA. Out of 9 sequence 3 mer primers
were successful in identification of 4 isolates. PCR
amplification yielded reproducible DNA fragments which
differentiated the 4 isolates examined (number, density and
molecular weight) also recognized between M. incognita, M.
gavacina, M. hapla and specially compare with M. incognita
E.G. The diversity among Meloidogynitae isolates due to
the effects of heavy metals irrigation. DISC PAGE, SDS-PAGE and
RAPD-PCR conformed the genetic variability among 4 Meloidogynitae
isolates. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):122-130]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.17
Key words:
Meloidogynitae,
DISC-PAGE, SDS-PAGE, protein finger-print, DNA fingerprint
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Production, Immobilization and
Anti-tumor Activity of L-Asparaginase of Bacillus sp R36
Maysa E- Moharam *1, Amira
M. Gamal-Eldeen 2 and Sanaa T. El-sayed 3
1 Microbial Chemistry Department, 2 Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences,
3 Biochemistry Department, National Research
Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. *email:
maysa12000@hotmail.com
Abstract L-asparaginase is one of
the known drugs in the treatment of cancer, especially acute
lymphoblastic leukemia. In recent years several bio-conjugation
protocols have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetic
and immunological properties of anti-leukemic enzyme,
L-asparaginase. In this study, fifty two bacilli species were
newly isolated in our laboratory and screened for their ability
to produce extracellular and intracellular L-asparaginase
enzyme. Bacillus sp R36 gave the highest intracellular
enzyme production. Formation physiology of the enzyme revealed
that optimum culture conditions were 9:1 of air::medium ratio,
with 55 x 105 CFU/mL inoculums size. The optimum
incubation period was found to be 24 hours under shaking growth
conditions. The initial pH value 5.6 was favorable for the
highest enzyme production. Addition of 1% lactose or 1%
raffinose resulted in a doubled enzyme productivity (yielded
204% and 209%, respectively). The enzyme was efficiently
immobilized by covalent binding with activated carbon.
Immobilized L-asparaginase activity was 33.0 U/g carrier; with
immobilization yield of 73.6%.
Characterization of the enzyme was performed on native
and immobilized forms. Optimum pH value was 7.0 for free and
immobilized forms. Optimum reaction temperature was 50 °C for
native enzyme, while it was 60 °C for the immobilized enzyme
preparation. The immobilization process greatly enhanced the thermal
stability of the enzyme. Native L-asparaginase enzyme exhibited
thermal stability up to 50 °C, while immobilized form retained
100% of its activity up to 80 °C. Anti-tumor and antioxidant
activities were investigated. The enzyme inhibited the growth of
two human cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma
(Hep-G2) and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) with IC50
value of 112.19 µg/mL and 218.7 µg/mL, respectively. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):131-140]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.18
Keywords: -asparaginase, Bacillus,
immobilization, anti-tumor effect
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Growth, Yield and Seed Quality of Lupinus termis as Affected
by Different Soil Moisture
Levels and Different Ways of Yeast Application
Soha E. khalil1 and
Ezzat G. Ismael2
1Department of Water Relation and Field Irrigation,
National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; 2Department
of Medicinal and Aromatic Research, Horticulture Research
Institute, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract: Two pot experiments were carried out
in the greenhouse of National Research Center. Dokki, Egypt
during 2008 and 2009 seasons in order to investigate the effect
of different soil moisture levels (75, 55 and 35% depletion of
the available soil water) and yeast application (at rate of 8
g/L) by different ways (as a foliar, soil and foliar plus soil
treatments) on growth, yield and seed quality of Lupinus
termis. The results indicated that the highest growth
parameters and RWC % observed when plants grown under the
highest soil moisture level W3 and treated with yeast by foliar
plus soil treatment followed by foliar treatment where the
difference between the two treatments was insignificant. The
number of seeds /plant, number of pods/plant and 100-seeds
weight were decreased by increasing drought stress so as
reached their maximum decease under the most stressed level W1,
treated plants with yeast by different ways resulting in an
increase in yield and yield attributes of lupinus plants. Also, both chla and chlb showed
progressive increase by increasing soil moisture levels from W1
to W3, yeast application by different ways showed also
progressive increase in chla and chlb. In addition, applied the highest level of soil
moisture W3 combined with foliar application with yeast gave
the highest significant values of nitrogen and protein
percentages. Moreover, decreasing soil moisture levels caused
significant increase in proline and alkaloids contents, treated
plants with yeast by different ways induced significant decrease
of proline and alkaloids content under different soil moisture
levels. Furthermore, the highest records for carbohydrates
percentage appeared in plants sprayed with yeast and grown
under the highest soil moisture level W3. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(8):141-153]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.19
Keywords: Growth;
Yield and Seed Quality; Lupinus
termis; Different Soil Moisture Levels; Yeast Application
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Pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 and
9 in a case with recurrent miscarriage in Egypt
Khaled R. Gaber1, Hala T.
El-Bassyouni*2, Asaad El-Gerzawy3
1 Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine Department, 2
Clinical Genetics Department, 3 Human Cytogenetic
Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.
*HTE halabassyouni@yahoo.com
Abstract: We
report phenotypically normal female carrying structural
variants on both chromosomes 1 and 9. She was referred to the
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Clinic, National Research Centre, with
a complaint of repeated miscarriage (5 consecutive first
trimester miscarriages). Conventional cytogenetic study of the
peripheral blood of the wife revealed 46, XX inv (1) (p32 q44)
in all cells and inversion (9) (p12 q12) in 30% of the studied
cells, while the husband was normal 46, XY. FISH study was done to
confirm and clarify the findings. To the best of our knowledge,
this is the first report of a phenotypically normal female
carrying structural variant on both chromosomes 1 and 9 leading
to recurrent miscarriage. Our study highlights the deleterious
effect of pericentric inversion of chromosomes 1 and 9 on
recurrent pregnancy loss. It also underlines the importance of
performing cytogenetic studies for couples with such complaint.
In such cases, a well informed genetic counseling should be
given to the couple and prenatal diagnosis should be offered in
future pregnancies. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):154-156]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.20
Keywords: Pericentric
inversion; chromosome; pregnancy
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Production, Immobilization and
Anti-tumor Activity of L-Asparaginase of Bacillus sp R36
Maysa E- Moharam *1, Amira
M. Gamal-Eldeen 2 and Sanaa T. El-sayed 3
1 Microbial Chemistry Department, 2 Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences,
3 Biochemistry Department,, National Research
Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. *email:
maysa12000@hotmail.com
Abstract L-asparaginase is one of
the known drugs in the treatment of cancer, especially acute
lymphoblastic leukemia. In recent years several bio-conjugation
protocols have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetic
and immunological properties of anti-leukemic enzyme,
L-asparaginase. In this study, fifty two bacilli species were
newly isolated in our laboratory and screened for their ability
to produce extracellular and intracellular L-asparaginase
enzyme. Bacillus sp R36 gave the highest intracellular
enzyme production. Formation physiology of the enzyme revealed
that optimum culture conditions were 9:1 of air::medium ratio,
with 55 x 105 CFU/mL inoculums size. The optimum
incubation period was found to be 24 hours under shaking growth
conditions. The initial pH value 5.6 was favorable for the
highest enzyme production. Addition of 1% lactose or 1%
raffinose resulted in a doubled enzyme productivity (yielded
204% and 209%, respectively). The enzyme was efficiently
immobilized by covalent binding with activated carbon.
Immobilized L-asparaginase activity was 33.0 U/g carrier; with
immobilization yield of 73.6%.
Characterization of the enzyme was performed on native
and immobilized forms. Optimum pH value was 7.0 for free and
immobilized forms. Optimum reaction temperature was 50 °C for
native enzyme, while it was 60 °C for the immobilized enzyme
preparation. The immobilization process greatly enhanced the
thermal stability of the enzyme. Native L-asparaginase enzyme
exhibited thermal stability up to 50 °C, while immobilized form
retained 100% of its activity up to 80 °C. Anti-tumor and
antioxidant activities were investigated. The enzyme inhibited
the growth of two human cell lines including hepatocellular
carcinoma (Hep-G2) and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) with IC50
value of 112.19 µg/mL and 218.7 µg/mL, respectively. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):157-165]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.21
Keywords: -asparaginase, Bacillus,
immobilization, anti-tumor effect
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Context-aware
Ubiquitous Data Mining Framework to Predict Malicious
Activities
1Zahoor ur Rehman*, 2Muhammad
Shahbaz, 3Muhammad Shaheen, 4Sajid
Mehmood
1Ph.D Student, 2Associate Professor,
*Corresponding Author
1,2Department of CSE, University of
Engineering & Technology Lahore, Pakistan
1 Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science, UET
Lahore, Pakistan
1 xahoor@gmail.com,
2 m.shahbaz@uet.edu.pk,
3 shaheen@uet.edu.pk,
4 mayohere@gmail.com
Abstract: Advances
in wireless sensor networks (WSN), handheld computational and
communicational devices, communication systems, sensor stream
processing, and data mining techniques, etc. lead us to develop
such systems that perform in real-time fashion. These state of
the art technologies can be very helpful to predict hazardous
and criminal activities in time so that necessary actions can
be taken to minimize social, economic and humanitarian loss.
Context-aware computing can further increase the overall
performance of the systems. A lot of research has been carried
out individually in each of WSN, sensor stream processing, data
mining, context-aware computing, etc. but very little attention
is given to develop systems that utilize all these technologies
collectively. In this paper we propose a framework to predict
criminal activities and suggest suitable necessary actions on
the basis its knowledge-base. The system proposed here gathers
information from heterogeneous sensors, fuse that information,
and generate real-time alerts to minimize the likelihood of
disaster. This model utilizes real-time data from sensors;
apply novel context-aware sensor stream association rule mining
technique for prediction and decision tree (a machine learning
technique) to take necessary action. This model makes
ubiquitous data mining process more dependable and improves the
reliability of the entire system. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):166-171].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.22
Keywords: Ubiquitous Data Mining; Sensor
Streams Mining; Association Rule Mining; Security System;
Terror detection
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The Influence of Temperature, Light and Pre-treatment
on the Seed Germination of Critically Endangered Sikkim
Himalayan Rhododendron (R.
niveum Hook f.)
K.K. Singh, Bhusan Gurung, L.K. Rai
and L.H. Nepal
G.B. Pant
Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development,
Sikkim Unit, Pangthang, Post
Box 24 Gangtok, East Sikkim-737101, India
singhkk20@hotmail.com
Abstract: R. niveum Hook f. is a beautiful and endangered
rhododendron that has limited distribution in the Sikkim
Himalaya. In an effort to improve and promote the propagation
of this over-exploited plant, the effect of temperature and
light on the germination of seeds was investigated with various
presoaking treatments of plant growth substances (GA3, Kinetin and BAP) and nitrogenous
compound (KNO3). The
combined effect of GA3 with Kinetin or BAP (25 µM) was also
examined. Seeds were
given a presoaking treatment with GA3, BAP or a combination of both to
influence germination. A temperature of 21oC was
found optimum and showed 34.33%
germination, with 21 days for onset and 50 days for
final germination under 16 hr light condition. The seeds of R. niveum need
light to trigger the germination and no germination was
observed in darkness.
Though the seed viability was 86% as determined by tetrazolium
staining, maximum germination of 63.67 % was obtained only when the seed was
soaked in GA3 + BAP (25 µM each) solution for 24 h and incubated for
germination at 21oC, constant temperatures in 16 hr
photoperiod. The other treatments were far less
effective in promoting the germination of this endangered species. The present study indicates that
constant 21oC, temperature incubation and 16 hr
photoperiod have a positive relationship with seed germination
of R. niveum
even under no pre-treatments. Seeds stored at low temperature (4 oC) could maintain viability for less than six month. Here, it is the first time we have
described the seed germination requirements of R. niveum, which are under
threat due to anthropogenic
pressure [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):172-177].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.23
Keywords: Rhododendron niveum; seed
germination; temperature; light; Sikkim Himalaya.
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Numeric modeling of carbon
dioxide sequestration in deep saline aquifers in Wangchang
Oilfield-Jianghan Basin, China
Anne Nyatichi Omambia1*,
Yilian Li1
1School
of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences,
Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China. *Corresponding author: Email: tichiomambia@gmail.com
Abstract: Climate
change has become one of the most pressing issues globally with
the increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the
atmosphere and the resultant impacts on the environment
threatening development and life on Earth. Anthropogenic
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the
atmosphere are largely blamed for this effect and carbon
capture and storage (CCS) in geologic media is an enabling
technology that can be utilized to mitigate global warming
whilst still continuing to use fossil fuel until the end of the
fossil era. Deep saline aquifers in sedimentary basins have a
large potential for CO2 storage. China has a rapidly
growing economy with large remaining coals reserves hence her
future CO2 emissions are bound to increase from the
present high levels. We have developed a simple 2-dimensional
homogenous model to study the spatial and temporal distribution
and storage of CO2 injection into Wangchang
Oilfield, Jianghan Basin, one of China’s largest inland
sedimentary basins. A 10 year injection phase followed by 90
years shut-in is modeled. During the injection period, most of
the gas exists in a supercritical state trapped beneath the
caprock. When injection ceases, the gas gradually dissolves
into the formation brine. Increase in vertical to horizontal
permeability ratio, residual gas saturation and salinity all
have different effects on the CO2 spatial migration,
dissolution in brine and overall storage. [Journal of American
Science 2010; 6(8):178-187]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.24
Key words:
Geological storage; deep saline aquifers; carbon dioxide;
numerical modeling; Wangchang Oilfield-Jianghan Basin; China.
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Time develoment of local scour at a bridge pier using
square collar in a 180
degree flume bend
Alireza Masjedi1, Mahmood
Shafaei Bejestan2, Ali moti3, Amir
Taeedi4
1. Assist. Prof., Islamic Azad University Ahwaz Branch, Ahwaz, Iran,
(Email: Drmasjedi.2007@yahoo.com)
2. Professor, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
Email: m_shafai@yahoo.com)
3. MSc, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch,
Islamic Azad, University, Ahwaz,Iran
4. MSc, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz,
Iran, (Email: Taeedi@yahoo.com)
Abstract: Local
scouring around the bridges pier occurs because of flow
separation and developing several vortexes around the bridge
pier. In this study, the use of square collars for reducing the
effects of local scour at a bridge pier is presented together
with the time aspect of the scour development. The study was
conducted using in a 180 degree laboratory flume bend with a
relative radius of Rc/b=4.67 operated under clear-water
conditions. Tests were conducted using one pier with 60 mm
diameter in positions of 60 degree under one flow conditions.
Investigated was the effect of size and elevation collar on the
time development of scour and its efficacy at preventing scour
at a bridge pier. The time development of the scour hole around
the model pier with and without a square collar installed was
compared with similar studies on bridge piers. Several
equations for the temporal development of scour depth and those
for the prediction of the equilibrium scour depth were tested
as part of this study. The depth of the scour hole increases as
the duration of the increased flow that initiates the scour
increases. It was observed that, as the minimum depth of scour
occurs for the square collar at width of 3D placed at elevation
of 0.1D below the bed and the size of a collar plate increases,
the scour decreases. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):188-195]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.25
Keywords: Square
Collar, Time development, Circular pier, 180 degree channel
bend, Scour depth
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Biomimetic
Synthesis Of Guided-Tissue Regeneration Hydroxyapatite/Polyvinl
Alcohol Nanocomposite Scaffolds: Influence Of Alignate On
Mechanical And Biological Properties.
E. Tolba*, B. M. Abd-Elhady*, B. Elkholy*, H.Elkady**
*Bio Mechanical Department, Division
** Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Division. National Research Center of Egypt (NRC)
dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: This paper presents a part of a major research,
in which HA/PVA/alginate scaffolds -with different alginate
compositions -up to 20wt% were fabricated by a modified
freeze-extraction method. This method includes the physical
cross-linking of PVA and chemical cross-linking of the
alginate. Characterization of the prepared scaffolds was
performed by morphology observations using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). Different physical properties – as
porosity and density-were measured. It was noticed that by
increasing alginate composition scaffolds exhibited highly
porous, open-cellular pore structures with almost porosity
about 90%, regardless of alginate composition and the pore
sizes from about 150 to about 300µm.The In Vitro bioactivity and
biodegradability of nano-composite scaffolds were investigated
by incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) and water under osteoclastic resorption conditions,
respectively. The in-vitro
bioactivity test indicating the higher bone-bonding ability of
the biomimetically synthesized a scaffold that is awarded by
the fast formation of bonelike apatite on their surfaces within
one day. Also The
addition of alginate to HA/PVA scaffolds increased the
biodegradability compared with that one without alginate. Mechanical behavior of scaffolds
was investigated under axial loading. Scaffolds stress strain
behavior, maximum true stress, and elastic moduli, were
calculated. It was found that increasing alginate content from
0 to 20% by weight, decreased the compressive modulus from 85.3
to 44.7 MPa, whereas the maximum compressive strength decreased
from 6 to 5 MPa. Finally, it was concluded that the proposed
scaffolds expressed promising performance, despite of the
resulting degradation in their mechanical behavior. The
obtained compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were
still within satisfactory limits. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):196-207]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.26
Keywords: Tissue re-generation, Poly(vinyl),
composites, scaffolds
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Utilization of
Opuntia ficus indica
waste for production of
Phanerochaete chrysosporium bioprotein
A.S. Gad *
and E.A. Hasan**, and A. Abd El Aziz
*Chemistry of
Natural and Microbial products
Dept., NRC., Dokki, Egypt.
**Cytology
and Genetics Dept., NRC. Dokki, Egypt.
Fac.of Agric.Ein Shams Univ. Egypt.
dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: The highest % saccarification of
the Opuntia waste
was 75.6 obtained with 1% (w/v) NaOH treatment. Phanerochaete
chrysosporium was the most potential fungus among the tested microorganisms; A. terreus and R. oryzae for bioprotein production
with 6.90 g protein /100
g Opuntia waste.Opuntia ficus indica peels proved
to be the most suitable substrate among the other agricultural wastes,
corn cob shred, and sugar cane bagasse which are used as carbon sources for Phanerochaete
chrysosporium bioprotein
production. Also,The most optimum fermentation
conditions were : 10 g Opuntia waste /L as carbon source using phosphate buffer for
bioprotein extraction of;
3% (v/v) inoculum size; supplementation of Modified Czapek Dox medium
(MCD) with 0.3 %(w/v) CSL; the initial PH, 4; agitation speed
at 150 rpm, and 75 ml medium was the most effective volume resulted in 11.97 g bioprotein /100 g Opuntia after 7 days of fermentation
at 150 rpm and 30○C. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):208-216]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.27
Keywords: Utilization of Opuntia ficus india; waste; Phanerochaete
chrysosporium bioprotein
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Comparative Evaluation of Different Organic Fertilizers
on Soil Fertility Improvement, Leaf Mineral Composition and
Growth Performance of African Cherry Nut (Chrysophyllum Albidium L) Seedlings
Emmanuel
Ibikunoluwa Moyin-Jesu1 and Francis Omotayo
Adekayode2
1Agronomy Department, Federal College
of Agriculture Akure, Nigeria. moyinjesu2004@yahoo.com
2Department of Crop, Soil and Pest
Management,
Federal University of Technology,
Akure, Nigeria. adekay98@yahoo.com
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.28
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Biochemical And
Molecular Profiles Of Gibberellic Acid Exposed Albino Rats
Hanan A.E. Soliman1; Mona M.
Mantawy2 and Hany M. Hassan3
1Chemistry Departement, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Beni
suef University, Egypt. 2; Department of Medicinal
chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt and 3
Immunobiology and immunopharmacology unit, Animal Reproduction
Research Inst., Giza, Egypt. dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
ABSTRACT: The present study casts the light
on the influence of
the plant growth
regulator,Gibberellic
acid (GA3), on antioxidant defense systems [glutathione
peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)],
lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde = MDA), AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total protein,
albumin globulin, total lipids, total cholesterol,
calcium and glucose. Moreover, histopathological examination of kidney and liver was done.
On the molecular level
the DNA damage was determined. The rats were received
75 ppm of GA3 in drinking water ad libitum for 50 days.
Gibberellic acid (GA3)
treatments caused different effects on the estimated
parameters compared to
control. Gibberellic acid exposure
induced significant elevations of plasma AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and malondialdehyde. However, Gibberellic acid
produced non significant alterations in plasma total
protein, albumin globulin, total lipids, total cholesterol,
calcium and glucose. On
the other hand, exposure
elucidate significant reductions of catalase, superoxide dismutase and
glutathione peroxidase in comparison to
control group. The histopathological findings revealed that Kidney
sections of Gibberellic acid treated rats suffered from areas
of interstitial fibrosis which appear as segmental and global
glomerular sclerosis tubulointerstitial injury. On the similar ground,
liver section of Gibberellic acid treated rats, revealed that Gibberellic
acid induced liver
fibrosis; fatty metamorphosis and necrosis. The total genomic
DNA electrophoretic pattern of lymphocytes deprived from Gibberellic acid treated rats revealed strong and obvious DNA damage
as represented by a lot of fragments migrated from the wells.
As a conclusion, Gibberellic acid (75 ppm) produce
hepatonephrotoxicity, subsequently has oxidative stress role and
DNA damage in albino rats 50 days post treatment. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):224-229]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.29
Keywords: Biochemical; Molecular Profile;
Gibberellic Acid; Rats
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Study on
Models of Commuter Mode Choice beyond Fuel Prices Based on Ordered
Logit Models
Han Yan, Guan Hongzhi
(Key Laboratory of Traffic
Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124)
hanyan422@bjut.edu.cn,
hguan@bjut.edu.cn
Abstract：To ease the
traffic congestion, domestic and foreign scholars have paid
more attention to the measures of an increased ridership of
public traffic and some traffic management measures to reduce
vehicle usage. The travel cost and availability of parking are
important determinants of private automobile use and of the
balance between automobile and transit use. The paper deals
with the question of how travelers with private cars would
react to fuel prices rising above the high fuel levels that
were attained in mid-2008 for commuting purpose. Revealed and
Stated Preference surveys were constructed and carried out
including vehicle travelers’ socio-demographic
characteristics, commuter trip characteristics and potential
trip mode choices in different hypothetical choice situations
which includes travelers’ choice under different fuel
price rising. The influence factors of commuter mode choice
behavior are analyzed and commuter mode choice model
corresponding to fuel price was established based on ordered
logit model. And the result show that Annual income, work
organizations parking condition, household kids’ number,
and monthly fuel expenditure have marked influences on the
results of commuter mode choice. Finally the margin effects of
the variables are given. The forecast veracity of the model is
satisfied and the precision of this model is high which can
provide the datum sustain for the traffic management measures
to reduce vehicle usage. [Journal of American Science 2010;
6(8):230-235]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.30
Key words：Fuel
prices; ordered logit model; Stated Preference survey; commuter
characteristics
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Zinc and Boron
Fertilization on Concentration and Uptake of Iron and Manganese
in the Corn Grain
Farshid Aref
Department of Soil Science,
Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Firouzabad,
Iran. Tel:
+989173383896 farshidared@yahoo.com
Abstract: A farm experiment with maize plant grown on Zn and B
deficient soil was conducted to study the effect of Zn and B interaction on the concentration
and total uptake of Fe and Mn in corn grain during 2009 at Fars Province, Iran.
Treatments including five levels of Zn (0, 8, 16 and 24 kg
ha-1 and Zn
foliar spray) and four levels of B (0, 3, and 6 kg ha-1 and B foliar spray) in a
completely randomized block design were set up. The
findings showed that the effects of Zn and B and the
interaction of Zn and B on the Fe concentration in the grain
were insignificant. The effect of Zn on Fe uptake in the grain
was insignificant and among different levels of B, only
application of 3 kg/ha B increased Fe uptake in the grain.
Boron use had no effect on Fe uptake in the grain in any level.
Only at high level of B (6 kg/ha B), application of 16 kg/ha Zn
increased Fe uptake in the grain. Boron use and Zn and B
interaction was not significant on Mn concentration in the
grain. Application of 24 kg/ha Zn increased Mn concentration in
the grain from 3.67 to 4.75 mg/kg but other levels of Zn had no
effect. Application of Zn to the soil and spraying it increased
Mn uptake in the grain. Application of B to the soil increased
Mn uptake in the grain but B spraying had no effect on it.
Application of B at low levels and Zn spraying had no effect on
Mn uptake in the grain but at higher Zn levels (16 and 24 kg/ha
Zn) increased Mn uptake in the grain. Application of Zn at zero
and 6 kg/ha B levels increased Mn uptake in the grain but at
other B levels, it had no significant effect on Mn uptake.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):236-242]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.31
Keywords: Interaction, zinc, boron, iron,
manganese, concentration, corn grain
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Algae of Soil Surface Layer of Wadi
Al-Hitan Protective Area (World Heritage Site), El-Fayum
Depression, Egypt
Mansour, H.A and Shaaban, A.S
Botany Department, Faculty
of Science, Ain Shams University, Abassia Cairo, Egypt. rodynarawan@yahoo.com
Abstract Four artificial solid and liquid media
were recommended for cultivation, isolation and purification of
algae from the soil surface layer of Wadi Al-Hitan protective
area, El-Fayum depression, Egypt. Some selective physical and
chemical properties of soil were also determined. These
analyses indicated that this soil had sandy texture, alkaline
pH, relatively high nitrogen and electeric conductivety, with
low phosphorus content (which mainly charcterized the desert,
saline and arid soil).Total 35 soil algal taxa were identified.
These related to 3 algal divisions which dominated with
cyanophycophyta (represented by 30 taxa from 15 genera),
followed by Chlorophycophyta, (represented by 3 taxa from 3
genera), and
Xanthophycophyta, (each by 2 taxa from 2 genera). Most of
the recorded cyanophytes were xeric and found in filamentous
and in heterocystous
forms which correlated with the relatively high nitrogen
content in this arid soil. While green algae were showed in
coccal forms. Myer's and modified Chu's No.10 media were
relatively the most productive algal media and they were also
characterized with high cyanophytes members. While Beijernicks
medium was characterized with chlorophytes. These associated
with no growth for xanthophytes in Myer's and modified Chu's
No.10 media. This study concluded that, pH and E.C were the
most physic-chemical controlling and selective factors, which
effect on the availability of several soil nutrients and in
turn on the biodiversity
of soil algae in the studied region. Eco-phycological analysis
of the idenified algae isolated from the regarded desert arid
soil was indicated that, most of the recorded algae were mainly
related to xeric cyanophytes belonging to Nostoc, Anabeana,
Cylindrospermum, Calothrix, Camptylonema, and Scytonema algal genera. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(8):243-255]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.32
Keywords: soil algae; arid and semiarid regions;
edaphic factors; Wadi Al-Hitan
protective area; El-Fayum depression; Egypt
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Management of the Root-Knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato in
Egypt
Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Sanaa S. A. Kabeil2
1 Plant Pathology Department,
National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
2 Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology,
Borg-Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt
Abstract: The
efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, Serratia marcescens (1 x 109
bacterium cells/ml water) at 2 ml of the suspension/kg
soil,
and three different Trichoderma harzianum isolates
each separately added at 50 ml./kg soil against the
root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on two tomato cultivars Super Strain B and Alisa
was assessed in the
glasshouse. Fresh
and dry weight of shoots were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in
nematode-free plants of the two cultivars than both M.
incognita-infested plants and the above-mentioned
treatments. Carbofuran followed by S. marcescens and T.
harzianum generally decreased nematode
development and reproduction parameters compared to the untreated
control. Although
chemical nematicide viz. carbofuran showed a significant effect
in increase of growth parameters and in suppression of Meloidogyne
incognita multiplication, it can be replaced to some extent
by microbial antagonists viz. Serratia marcescens and Trichoderma
harzianum isolates to comply with environmental issues confronting the
use of chemicals. Our results revealed differences in
activities of peroxidase and chitinase related to the
above-mentioned treatments on both local (in roots) and
systematic (in leaves) levels but late in the growing season as
well. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):256-262]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.33
Keywords: enzymatic induction, Meloidogyne
incognita, nematode management
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IR
Spectroscopic Analysis of Polymorphism in Diphenyl Carbazide
F. El-Kabbany1,
S. Taha*1 and M. Hafez2
1 Physics Dept.,
Faculty of Science, Fayoum University. 2Physics
Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University. E-mail: profdrsthassan@yahoo.com.
Abstract: IR analysis is used here to
investigate the changes in N-N, N-H, C=O …modes of
thermally treated diphenyl carbazide (DPC) during the variation
of temperature from room temperature up to ≈ 160oC.
Polymorphism in DPC compound has been studied here by detecting
the changes in some IR spectroscopic parameters (e.g., mode
shift, band contour…) during the elevation of
temperature. Also, DSC, X-ray, NMR and atomic mass spectra are
used as confirming tools for what is obtained by IR. All of the
vibrations of DPC were found to be due to ionic fundamentals
3311 cm-1, 3097 cm-1, 3052 cm-1,
1677 cm-1, 1602 cm-1, 1492 cm-1,
1306 cm-1, 1252 cm-1, 887 cm-1
and 755 cm-1. The results revealed for the first
time that the thermally treated DPC traverse four different
phase transformations at 50oC, 90oC, 125oC
and 140oC. The crystal structure was found to be
amorphous, monoclinic, tetragonal, orthorhombic and amorphous
within a temperature range (30oC-160 oC).
X-ray diffraction patterns support the results obtained by IR
and DSC. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(8):263-270]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.34
Keywords: Diphenyl carbazide; FT-IR, Phase
transformation
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A Study the
Phase Transformations in Amorphous Diphenyl Carbazide (C13H14N4O)
F. El-Kabbany, S. Taha* and
M. Hafez
Physics
Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University.
* Physics
Dept., Faculty of Science, Fayoum University. profdrsthassan@yahoo.com;
+202 35676753
Abstract: Thermal and
electrical properties of amorphous diphenyl carbazide (DPC) are
studied between room temperature and its melting point ≈
435 K. The study includes a set of measurements DTA, DSC,
dielectric constant (ε), electrical
resistance (R), the pyroelectric current (I) and X-ray
diffraction analysis. The results obtained are strongly
supported each other and indicate that the amorphous DPC
samples undergo four different phase transitions at 323 K, 363
K, 395 K and 415 K respectively. It is found that each phase
transition belongs to a certain definite crystal structure.
These crystal structure variations are found to be amorphous,
monoclinic, tetragonal, orthorhombic and amorphous within the
temperature range of this study. Thermal analysis revealed that
the thermal energies for these four different phase transitions
are 10.92 J/g, 7.63 J/g, 79.3 J/g and 31.77 J/g respectively.
The electrical measurements showed that the conduction in these
phases is activated by energies of 0.22, 0.3, 0.16 and 0.47 eV
respectively. The first phase transition is attributed to the
variation in hydrogen bonding N-H to the carbonyl group C=O,
which is leading to a twisted intermolecular charge transfer
(TICT) in the temperature region of this phase transition. The
second phase transition is mainly due to the weaking of the N-H
hydrogen bonding with increasing temperature. Beside that, it
may be due to the reorientational molecular motion to another
equivalent position. The third phase transition is attributed
to a changing in the intermolecular hydrogen bonding with
–CO as well as –N-H groups. These changes can
greatly affect the charge distribution and in turn affect the
transition process (populated locally excited states). The
fourth phase transition is due to the weaking of the hydrogen
bond of N-H group. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):271-277]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.35
Keywords: Diphenyl
carbazide; Polymorphism, thermal and electrical properties
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IR Study of the Low Temperature phase
Transition in Amorphous Diphenyl Carbazide C13H14N4O
F. El-Kabbany, S. Taha* and M. Hafez
Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University.
* Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Fayoum University.
profdrsthassan@yahoo.com
Abstract: The low temperature dependence of IR
spectra of amorphous diphenyl
carbazide C13H14N4O has been
investigated below zero temperature. The data is reported here
between room temperature and down to -70oC and the
IR spectra are recorded in the frequency range 400-4000 cm-1. This study
is an extension of a recent one, which detected the presence of
polymorphic character of this complex compound by IR, DSC and
DTA at 50oC, 90 oC, 120 oC and
140 oC. It includes measurements and interpretation
of the IR spectral band shape, frequencies of modes and band
shifts as a function of temperature. Eleven different
fundamental modes have been investigated explicitly. Special
attention is paid to the most sensitive modes which reflect the
low temperature phase transition process in detail. These modes
are 3328 cm-1, 1677
cm-1, 1602 cm-1, 1251 cm-1,
750 cm-1 and 494 cm-1 in which the variations
strongly support the low temperature phase transition in DPC at
-47oC. This phase transition does not show
structural change but just a transformation from amorphous
state to amorphous state as detected by x-ray analysis. The
phase transition here is suggested to be of displacive type. A
low temperature phase transition has been detected here for the
first time in diphenyl carbazide at - 47oC. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):278-287]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.36
Keywords: Low
temperature IR spectra; Diphenyl carbazide
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Impact of Foliar Spray of Inorganic
Fertilizer and Bioregulator on Vegetative Growth and Chemical
Composition of Syngonium Podophyllum L. Plant at Nubaria
El-Quesni, Fatma E.M.; Mona, H. Mahgoub* and
Magda, M. Kandil
Department of Ornamental Plant and Woody Trees, National
Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. free2hamona@yahoo.com
Abstract: A pot experiment was carried out
during 2007 and 2008 seasons at Research Production Station, of
National Research Centre at Nubaria, Egypt. The aim of this work is to
study the effect of foliar spray of inorganic fertilizer
(Grow-more) (0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 ml/L) and bioregulator
(Putrescine) (0, 100 and 200 ppm) and their interaction on
vegetative growth and some chemical composition of Syngonium
podophyllum L. plant.
Most criteria of
vegetative growth expressed as plant height, stem
diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of
plant organs were significantly affected by application of the
two factors which were used in this study. Chemical
constituents i.e. Chl. (a), Chl. (b), carotenoids, nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium content in the leaves have increased
in comparison control plants.
Highest values of the mentioned characters were obtained
from plants treated with Grow-more 2.0 ml/L combined with
Putrescine 100 ppm followed by Grow-more 2.0 ml/L and
Putrescine 100 ppm. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):288-294].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Chlorophylls, Grow-more, Putrescine
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.37
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Response of vegetative growth and
chemical constituents of Thuja orientalis L. plant to foliar application of different
amino acids at Nubaria.
Nahed, G. Abdel Aziz, Azza, A. M.
Mazher, and M. M. Farahat
Ornamental Plants and Woody Trees
Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Abstract: A pot experiment was carried out during
2008 and 2009 seasons at Research and production Station,
Nubaria of National of Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt to study
the response of Thuja orientalis plants to foliar application of tyrosine, thiamine and
tryptophan each at (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm) on vegetative
growth expressed as stem length, stem diameter, root length,
fresh and dry weight of root and shoot and chemical
constituents significantly were affected by the application of almost all
of the three amino acids
which were used in this study. Tyrosine, Thiamine and
Tryptophan promoted all morphological characters. The
comparison between the effect of tyrosine, thiamine and
tryptophan revealed that the influence of tyrosine on
increasing the growth parameters (especially at the rate of 10 ppm,
which can be described as the most effective treatment) was
superior to other amino acids (thiamine and tryptophan). The
three amino acids increased total soluble sugar %, total free
amino acid mg/g as well as essential oil %, essential oil yield
/ plant and N, P, K % and protein. Therefore, amino acid
(Tyrosine, Thiamine and Tryptophan) at 100 ppm maybe
recommended for promoted growth parameters and the best oil
percentage in Thuja orientalis L. seedling. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(8):295-301]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.38
Keywords: Tyrosine, Thiamine and Tryptophan,
morphological characters
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Antiviral
Properties of Garlic Cloves Juice Compared with Onion Bulbs
Juice Against Potato Virus Y (PVY).
Mohamed,
E.F.
Botany
Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University
Abstract: Potato y disease caused by potato
virus y (PVY) is widespread wherever potato is grown. PVY
affects plants and yields. The effectiveness of extracts
from garlic cloves (GE) and onion stems (OE) against potato virus y (PVY) in vitro and
in vivo has been evaluated. GE and OE reduced the in
vitro and in vivo infectivity of PVY to a certain extent,
expressed as the number of local lesions induced by PVY on Chenopodium amaranticolor plant as a
local lesion host. The effect of these extracts and their
dilutions (from 10-1 to 10-3) was the
highest in the crude extract and decreased gradually by
increasing the extracts dilutions from 10-1 to 10-3.
PVY
inhibition percentages induced by GE and OE varied according to
the time of treatment (1, 2, 3 and 4 days). High
percentages of inhibition were recorded for in vitro
treatment. The highest
effect of GE against PVY infectivity was in the crude extract
and after 4 days (percentage of inhibition was 63.63 %). While,
the highest percentage of inhibition of OE against PVY
infectivity was 51.51 % in the crude extract and after 4 days.
PVY inhibition of pre-inoculation treatment
was higher than that of post-inoculation treatment. In pre-inoculation treatment, the
highest effect of GE against PVY infectivity was in the crude
extract and after 4 days (percentage of inhibition was 38.89
%). While,
the highest percentage of inhibition of OE against PVY
infectivity was 33.33 % in the crude extract and after 4 days.
In post-inoculation treatment, the highest effect of GE against
PVY infectivity was in the crude extract and after 4 days
(percentage of inhibition was 33.33 %).
While, the highest
percentage of inhibition of OE against PVY infectivity was
30.56 % in the crude extract and after 4 days. So, GE was more
effective in reducing the local lesions produced by PVY on Chenopodium amaranticolor than OE. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(8):302-310]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.39
Key words: Potato virus y (PVY),
potyviruses, garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), inhibition
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Interaction
Between Some Viruses Which Attack Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.) Plants and Their Effect on Growth and Yield of
Tomato Plants.
Mohamed,
E.F.
Botany
Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University
Abstract: Interaction between tomato mosaic
virus(ToMV), tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) and cucumber
mosaic virus(CMV) and their effect on growth and yield of
tomato plants was
studied. In symptoms and disease severity experiment,
the most pronounced synergistic effects were caused by mixtures
of ToMV+TLCV and ToMV+TYLCV+CMV. Combination of ToMV+CMV caused
slight symptoms. Generally, systemic symptoms were of the
mosaic or mottling types in addition to different degrees of
stunting and malformation. In interaction experiment, all virus
combinations tested decreased the effect of ToMV on tomato
plants, and few plants showed the characteristic pale-and
dark-green mosaic symptoms of ToMV infection. In
cross-protection experiment, the effect of double infection is
depending on the subsequence of infections. When the plants
were first inoculated with TYLCV and later with ToMV, the
effect of TYLCV was prominent. On the other hand, first
inoculation with ToMV suppressed the effect of the subsequent
infection with TYLCV. Infection with ToMV supported the
symptoms of the subsequent infection with CMV. This may be due
to the weak symptoms of CMV which can be suppressed by the
severe symptoms of the ToMV. On the other hand,
infection with CMV suppressed the subsequent infection with
ToMV. All virus treatments significantly reduced tomato height.
TYLCV had the greatest effect (Mean height of plants was 27.75
cm.), while CMV was
slightly reduced plant height (Mean height of plants was 34.95
cm). The tested
viruses significantly reduced the yield of infected tomato
plants. The greatest effect was obtained in the double
infection with TYLCV + ToMV and TYLCV+CMV (Mean yield of
plants was 130.15 and 139.06 gm. respectively).
While CMV was slightly reduced plant yield (Mean yield of
plants was 160.08 gm).
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):311-320]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.40
Key words: Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato
yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),
interference, synergism and antagonism
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Ricotta Cheese from Whey Protein Concentrate
Mohamed El-Sheikh, Atif Farrag, Ahmed Zaghloul
Dairy Department, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Zaghloulah2003@yahoo.com
Abatract: Ricotta cheese was made from UF-whey protein
concentrate (WPC) fortified with 2, 4 and 6 % skim milk powder
(SMP), and acidified with 0.14 g/kg citric acid or 1.5 %
Glucono-Delta-Lactone (GDL). All WPC mixtures were homogenized
at 300 kp/cm2 first stage and 200 kp/cm2
second stage at 60°C. The fresh cheese yield was determined.
Samples were taken from whey, WPC mixtures and cheese. The
samples were analysed for moisture, nitrtogen, ash, pH, lactose
and fat contents. Viscosity of WPC mixtures and cheeses were
also assessed. The cheese samples were also assessed for organoleptic
properties.The best
results were obtained from cheese treated with citric acid, this treatment showed the
higher cheese yield, higher viscosity and best organoleptic
quality than those made with GDL. Ricotta cheese made from WPC
showed the best organoleptic properties followed by that made
from WPC fortified with 2% SMP. The results indicated that WPC
ingredient can be successfully use in the manufacture of
Ricotta cheese. [Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):321-325].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.41
Key words: Ricotta
cheese, WPC, SMP, Citric acid, GDL
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Molecular Analysis of Genetically
Improved Therapeutic Saccharomyces
Cerevisiae Strains with
High Selenium Uptake
Khattab1, Ahmed Ihab 2,
Karima Mohamed 1ِAbdelnasser
1 Genetics & Cytology Dept.,
National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EGYPT.
2 Food Science Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo
University, Giza, EGYPT.
ahmedihab66@hotmail.com
Abstract:
This study was
initiated to take advantages of mutagenesis in conjunction with
protoplast fusion technique to obtain hyper- polyploidy strains
with high selenium uptake. After UV-mutagenesis, results showed
that five mutants uptake nearly all selenium present in growing
medium and six mutants uptake 3.5 fold of selenium than the
original strain. Moreover, selenium uptake of superior yeast
mutants in the presence of selenium oxide (100 mg/L) showed
that yeast cells tolerate high selenium concentration in the
growing medium and uptake percentages ranging from 46.84 to
79.38. Intra-specific protoplast fusion technique was carried
out in order to obtain polyploidy isolates with high selenium
uptake. Data showed that 38 fusants obtained from cross 1 and
36 fusants from cross 2. In cross No.1, 71 % of
fusants uptake more selenium than the first parent (mutant 5/8)
and 97.4% than the second parent (mutant 5/9). For cross 2, 36.9 % of fusants uptake more
selenium than the first parent (5/8) and 100 % than the second
parent (20/1). Finally, an attempt was done to evaluate the
genetic effect of UV-mutagenesis and protoplast fusion on
nucleotide sequence by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
analysis. Many differences were noticed in mutant and fusant
strains in comparison the wild type strains. These differences
in RAPD profiles confirmed the evidence of genetic variations
in yeast genome after mutagenesis and protoplast fusion technique.
Also, these differences could be used as genetic markers for
genetic diversity of selenium uptake characteristics. [Journal
of American Science. 2010;6(8):326-337]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.42
Key words: Selenium uptake, UV-mutagenesis,
protoplast fusion and RAPD
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Synthesis, (in vitro) Antitumor and
Antimicrobial Activity of some Pyrazoline, Pyridine, and
Pyrimidine Derivatives Linked to Indole Moiety
Ekhlass
Nassar
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women
for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma
Fahmy Street, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt. ekhlass_nassar@hotmail.com
Abstract: Aldol condensation reaction between 3-indolaldehyde
1 and 4-methoxyacetophenone 2 afforded chalcone compounds 3. This compound was reacted with some
different reagents such as hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine,
thiosemicarbazide, hydroxylamine, ethyl cyanoacetate, urea and
thiourea to give pyrazolines
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6, oxazoline 7, Michael adduct 8, pyranone 9, and oxo
14a and thiopyrimidine derivatives 14b, respectively. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by microanalyses and various spectral data. Some of the synthesized new compounds were screened against antitumor and antimicrobial activity.
[Journal of American Science. 2010;6(8):338-347]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.43
Keywords: Heterocycles, cyclizations,
pyrazolines, pyridines, antitumor activity
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Structural Effect on the
Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of (E) Methyl
3-Carboxy-4-Aryl-3-Butenoate Hemiesters, and the Isomeric (E)
3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-Naphthyl)-3-Butenoic Acid
Shadia M.
Abdallah
Department of Chemistry, University
College of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams
University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis-11341, Cairo, Egypt
shadiamabdallah@hotmail.com
Abstract: The structural effect on the
base-catalyzed hydrolysis of (E) methyl
3-carboxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoate (1), (E) methyl
3-carboxy-4-(1-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (2), (E) methyl
3-carboxy-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (3), and (E)
3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoic acid (4), at
different temperatures (35-50°C) in 50% aqueous
dioxane (v/v), shows that the rate of reaction follows the
overall second order
kinetics, first order with respect to each of the hemiester and
base. It decreases in the order: (1) > (2) > (3) >
(4). Ratios between the values of k2 (k1/Cw),
and also between k3 (k1/Cw2)
in different mixtures are less than 1, which means
that the reaction is apparently independent of Cw. The activation
parameters E#, DH#,
DS#, DG#, and Arrhenius frequency factor (A),
confirmed the structural effect on their rates of hydrolysis. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(8):348-351]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.44
Keywords: Hemiesters, Hydrolysis, Molecularity,
Reactivity
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Increasing Health Benefits of Milk Fat
by Partial Replacement with vegetable oils Fortified with
Carotenoids
Ahmed Saad Gad* and Ahmed F. Sayed
Dairy Science Department, National
Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
*asgad2004@yahoo.com
Abstract: Partial replacement of milk fat with
vegetable oils meet consumer demanded for reducing the intake
of saturated fatty acids and hence may contribute to reduce the
risk for heart disease. Different natural sources of
carotenoids as fat-soluble antioxidants (green pepper,
parsley and broccoli) were mixed in emulsion form with milk fat
phase to protect the polyunsaturated fatty acids of vegetable
oils (olive oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, 1:1:1, v/v/v) which
used in partial replacement from the oxidization, besides
acting as biological antioxidants. Carotenoids solubility
efficiency through the preliminary treatments of milk such as
blending, pasteurization and homogenization was monitored as
well as antioxidant activity using ß-carotene/ linoleic acid
assay was determined in homogenized milk with (2%)
carotenoids extract emulsion. Results showed that the
solubility of carotenoids increased with blinding,
pasteurization and homogenization. The partial substitution of
milk fat was the most suitable milk fat phase as a healthy
benifits. Broccoli showed the highest carotenoid content and
also recorded the highest antioxidant activity. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(8):352-360]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.45
Keywords: Milk
fat, vegetable oils, carotenoids solubility, antioxidant activity
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New Safe Methods for Controlling Anthracnose Disease of Mango (Mangifera
indica L.) Fruits Caused by Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides (Penz.)
Abd-AllA, M.A.1 and Wafaa M. Haggag2
1 Department of Plant Pathology,
National Research Centre – Egypt. mohmednrc@yahoo.com
2 Department of Plant Pathology, National Research Centre
– Egypt. Wafaa_hagggag@yahoo.com
Abstract. Mango suffers from several
diseases at all stages of its life. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum
gleosporioides is the most important post harvest disease
of mango. The effect of various concentrations of chitosan
solution on the mycelium growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) the causal agent of anthracnose
disease of mango fruits was studied under vitro conditions.
Chitosan solution at 0.6mg/l obtained significantly reduction
of C. gloeosporioides growth and inhibited spore
germination, while, chitosan solution at 0.8mg/l resulted a
complete reduction and inhibition of fungal mycelium growth and
spore germination. Meanwhile, coating mango fruits with 0.2 and
0.4% (w/v) chitosan solution obtained a highly protective
effect against anthracnose disease incidence of mango fruits,
by 98.1% and 95.4% after 30 days of storage, respectively. At
the same treatments were reducing the percentage of fruit
rotted tissues by 89.3 and 95.0%, respectively. The results of
this study showed that chitosan was a alternative safe coating
method for prevent mango fruits against anthracnose disease
which causes economic losses during transportation, marketing
and storage. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(8):361-367]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.46
Key words: Chitosan – Mango fruits – Anthracnose disease
–Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
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The Antischistosomal
Activity of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma
mansoni Eggs is Influenced by Saponin Extracted from Atriplex
nummularia
Amany
Sayed Maghraby a, Manal Abdel Aziz Hamed *b,
Hanan Farouk Aly b, and Sanaa Ahmed Ali
b
a Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious
Diseases, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences,
Therapeutic Chemistry Department, b Therapeutic
Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo,
Egypt. *manal_hamed@yahoo.com
Abstract: The objective of the
present study was to evaluate the antischistosomal, biochemical
and humoral immune response of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma
mansoni eggs homogenate influenced with or without saponin
extracted from Atriplex nummularia. The work was
extended to study the histopathological picture of the liver
before and after challenge. Total worms reduction recorded
57.14, 80.95 and 42.85% in immunized mice with Fasciola egg
homogenate (50µg/100µl PBS/mouse), Fasciola egg
homogenate influenced by saponin (50µg/100µl PBS/mouse) and
saponin alone (50µg/100µl PBS/mouse), respectively. Immunized
groups with Schistosoma egg antigen and Schistosoma
egg antigen influenced by
saponin showed reduction in total worms by 47.61, 52.38%,
respectively. In conclusion, immunization with Fasciola
gigantica egg homogenate possesses promising
antischistosomal properties with an immunomodulatory response
to saponin. Heterologous homogenate had antischistosomal
activity more than homologous homogenate. In addition,
heterologous homogenate influenced with saponin had more
antischistosomal activity than its homologous homogenate.
Moreover, Fasciola gigantica egg homogenate had an
immunoprophylactic effects by increasing the IgM and IgG levels
against Schistosoma egg antigen. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(8):368-381]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.47
Keywords:
Fasciola gigantica- Atriplex
nummularia- saponin- Schistosoma mansoni- egg antigen- immunoprophylactic
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Prognostic value of a simple evolving
disseminated intravascular coagulation score in patients with
severe sepsis
Ahmed A. Battah, Tareik S. El Gohary,
Mohamed Ashraf
Critical Care Department, Cairo
University, Egypt
Abstract: Objective: to predict outcome in patients with
severe sepsis using the simple evolving DIC score calculated in
the first 48hrs from two readily available global coagulation
markers, platelet count and prothrombin time, and comparing its
accuracy with (SOFA) score. Patients and Methods: fifty patients with severe
sepsis in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) in Critical Care
Medicine Department Cairo University were included in the
study. The SOFA score and our simple evolving DIC score were
calculated in all patients just before enrollment in the study.
Results: Patients with
higher simple DIC score had the highest SOFA scores and were
associated with worst outcome. Mortality rate increased from 0%
for simple DIC score < 1 to 90,9% for simple DIC score 2 or
3 and reach 100% for simple DIC score 4. Conclusion: the simple
evolving DIC score calculated in the first 48hr appears,
besides its general availability and easy calculation at the
bedside, to be a reliable and accurate tool in predicting
patients' outcome. [Journal
of American Science. 2010;6(8):382-388]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.48
Keywords: Prognostic value; intravascular;
coagulation; sepsis
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Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production
of Tannase and Gallic Acid by Enterobacter Cloacae MTCC
9125.
Vikas
Beniwal1, Vinod Chhokar*1, Narender Singh2
and Jitender Sharma3
1Department
of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of
Science and Technology, Hisar-125001 Haryana, India
2Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
Haryana, India
3Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University,
Kurukshetra Haryana, India
vinodchhokar@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Tannase and gallic acid production by Enterobacter cloacae
MTCC 9125 was optimized. The organism produced maximum enzyme
and gallic acid at initial medium pH 4.5 and cultivation
temperature of 370C after 48 h of incubation period.
1% of 24 h old inoculumn was found to be optimum for tannase
production. However, 48 h old inoculumn showed maximum gallic
acid accumulation. Supplement of carbohydrates decreased enzyme
synthesis, while fructose, sucrose and glucose increases cell
mass growth.1.2% tannic acid was found to be optimum for
biosynthesis of tannase and gallic acid. The organism showed maximum
tannase production with sodium nitrate and KH2PO4
as nitrogen source and phosphate source respectively. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions were found to
be stimulatory for enzyme production. [Journal of American Science.
2010;6(8):389-397]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.49
Keywords: Enterobacter cloacae, Tannase,
Gallic acid, Submerged Fermentation, Enzyme Production
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Effect of
Foliar Spraying with Uniconazole and Micronutrients on Yield
and Nutrients Uptake of Wheat Plants Grown under Saline
Condition.
1Manal, F. Mahmed, 2Thalooth,
A.T. and 1R.Kh.M. Khalifa
1Field Crop
Research Dept., 2Fertilization Technology Dept.
National Research Centre, Dokki,Giza Egypt
Abstract: A Pot trial experiment conducted in the
green house of National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt to
study the effect of foliar spraying with Mn., Fe. and
uniconazole on photosynthetic pigments and yield as well as the
chemical contents of the grains of wheat plants grown under
saline condition. The results showed that salinity affects most
yield parameters, i.e. plant
height, harvest index, number of tillers and spikes/plant,
spikes weight, weight of grains and straw/plant as well as the
biological yield. However, it increases photosynthetic
pigments content in the leaves and potassium concentration in
the grains. Concerning
the foliar spraying application with Mn and Fe or uniconazole,
yield parameters and photosynthetic pigments were increased in
the leaves, on the other hand, Macro nutrients (NPK) as well as
micro nutrients (Mn. And Fe.) increased by foliar
spraying. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(8):398-404]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.50
Key words: Wheat, Salinity, Foliar spray, Mn,
Fe, Uniconazole, photosynthetic pigment, yield, nutrients content
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[Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):405-412]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.51
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Study The Effects Of Radio Waves Propagation Under Sea
At Pakistan Coastal Zones
M.Waheed-uz-Zaman 1, *,
M.A. K. Yousuf zai1, 2
-
Institute of Space and Planetary
Astrophysics University of Karachi Karachi, Sindh –
75270 Pakistan, mwaheed_06@yahoo.com;
Cell No. 0333-2286697
2.
Department
of Applied Physics University of Karachi Karachi-75270,
Pakistan
ayubzai@yahoo.com
Abstract
─
In this communication the factors affecting the radio wave
propagation at low, moderate and high salinity and temperatures
conditions for different depths are studied. The propagation of
radio waves under water is a severe technological task that
requires specific attention for implementing suitable
techniques and devices. This is because electromagnetic
radiation is rather difficult to propagate to through sea
water. Very low frequency (VLF) radio waves (3-30 KHz) can
penetrate sea water down to depth of roughly 20 meters and
extremely low frequency (ELF) waves penetrate sea to the depths
of hundreds of feet. The range and quality of transmission
varies with water conditions. In this communication we have
selected few stations along the coastal zones of Pakistan to
study the possible effects of fluctuating dynamics of water
masses on the radio waves propagation by transmitting small
power at VLF range. The physical problems, concerned with the
issue of radio wave propagation under water at coastal
environment are of great significance and accordingly the
intended assessment needs to be dealt within the frame work of
Ocean wave’s dynamics. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):413-419]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.52
Key words: T – S Model, Water Masses,
communication between Submarines, VLF, Salinity and Temperature
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Nitrogen Soil Dressing And Foliar
Spraying By Sugar And Amino Acids As Affected The Growth, Yield
And Its Quality Of Onion Plant
Shaheen,
A.M.; Fatma A. Rizk; Hoda A. M. Habib and M.M.H. Abd El - Baky
Vegetable Research Department,
National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted
during the two seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 at the
Experimental Farm of National Research Centre at El-Nobaria
(110 km far Cairo City) to study effect of the nitrogen
application (as soil dressing) at two rates, i.e. 90 and 120 N
units/fed., and the supplying of amino mix compound and sugar
(as foliar spraying) on onion plant productivity. The main
important findings are as follows: 1. The vigor plant growth
parameters, i.e. plant length, average number of leaves per
plant, fresh and dry weight of whole onion plant and its
different organs as well as the heaviest bulbs yield and its
better physical and chemical properties, all of them were
associated with addition the higher nitrogen rate, i.e. 120 N
units/fed. 2.Foliar spraying by each amino mix compound and or
sugar as individually or together resulted plants more vigor
and heavier bulbs yield as well as better values of nutritional
elements (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) if compared with that
control plants. Moreover, the vigorously of plant growth and
the highest bulbs yield with the best physical and chemical
constituents all them were obtained with the foliar spraying by
amino acids and sugar together. 3.Soil dressing by 120 N
units/fed., and the foliar spraying by amino acids and sugar as
one compound resulted the highest values of plant growth
characters and heaviest bulbs yield with the best parameter
values of nutritional elements, but the differences were not
significantly at 5 % level in most cases. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):420-427]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.53
Keywords: Field experiments; plant growth;
sugar; nutritional element
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Hypercholesterolemia enhances the release
of proinflammatory cytokines in obese Egyptian
adolescents
Amany El Wakkad*, PhD, MD; Nayera El-morsi Hassan**, phD; Lobna Sherif***, PhD, Azza Abd El-Shaheed***, PhD, Hiba Sibaii*
PhD; Salwa el Zayat* PhD
*Medical Physiology Dept., **Anthrobology Dept., ***Child
Health Dept., National Research
Centre, Cairo, Egypt. *amany.elwakkd@yahoo.com
Abstract: The interrelation between
hypercholesterolemia, proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive
protein (CRP) and body mass index (BMI) were not yet established
in obese Egyptian adolescents. The
aim of this work is to study the relation between
hypercholesterolemia; as a major determinant of serum
inflammatory cardiovascular risk marker; TNF- α and IL-1
β as proinflammatory cytokines; and CRP with body mass index (BMI); as indicator for
obesity and waist circumference; as indicator for central
obesity. The study was
carried out on obese Egyptian adolescents with high lipid profile levels (Group I) and obese one
with lipid profile within normal levels (Group II) from both sexes.
TNF –α, IL- 1β and CRP were significantly
higher in Group I than Group II (p<0.001). There were
positive highly significant correlations between cholesterol, and each of BMI,
IL1-β, TNF-α and CRP
(p<0. 001)
with a negative significant correlation between it and HDL
(p<0.029). A significant negative correlation between HDL and both LDL (p<0.001), and
TNF-α (p<0.01) was recorded. LDL have shown a
significantly positive correlation with TNF-α, IL-1Β
and CRP (p<0.001). There were significant positive correlations between waist
circumference (central obesity) with TNF-α,
IL-1β and CRP (p<0.001). Conclusion: The positive association of obesity with elevated
cytokines levels suggests the importance of reducing obesity to
prevent elevation in cytokines levels which are risk factors for future cardiovascular
diseases. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(8):428-435]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.54
Keywords: hypercholesterolemia, obesity, CRP, Proinflammatory cytokines, cardiovascular risk
factor, adolescents
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Attenuation of some Metabolic
Deterioration Induced by Diabetes Mellitus using Nepeta
cataria Extracts.
Hanan, F. Aly*1; Ebtissam,
A. Mahmoud2; Mohamed, E. Ibrahim3;
Hemaia, M. Motawe4; Faten, M. Ibrahim3
1Therapeutic Chemistry. Department,National
Research Center, 2BiochemistryDepartment, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univ., 3Cultivation
and Production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department,
National Research Center, 4Department of
Pharmacognosy, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
*Hanan_Abduallah@yahoo.com.
Abstract: The present
research is design to evaluate the pharmacological effects of
successive as well as 70%
ethanolic
extracts of Nepeta cataria on some biochemical
parameters in Streptozotocin diabetic rats compared
to the currently used Glicalized drug. The investigated
parameters included, glucose, insulin, carbohydrate hydrolyzing
enzymes; α–amylase, α- glucosidase,
β-galactosidase, liver steatosis markers; total
cholesterol,
HDL-cholesterol, LDL–cholesterol, triglycerides,
total lipid, liver function enzymes; alanin
aminotransferase(ALT), aspatrate aminotransferase (AST),
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein; antioxidant
activity of extracts using nitric oxide (NO). In addition,
histopathological investigations were performed. The results
obtained revealed, anti-glycemic, antioxidant, antilipidemic
effects of chloroform, petroleum ether as well as 70% ethanolic
extracts in comparison with Gliclazide as reference
antidiabetic drug. Moreover, these extracts have principle role
in treatment and
normalized liver and pancreas architecture. Hence, it could be
concluded that Nepeta cataria extracts may be applied
clinically for reducing complications against diabetes mellitus
paralleling with the ideal anti- diabetic Glicalized drug. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(8):436-455]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.55
Key
words:
Diabetes mellitus, Nepeta cataria, oxidative stress,
liver function enzymes, carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, lipid
profile
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Cytogenetic effect of Insecticide Telliton and Fungicide
Dithane M-45 on Meiotic Cells and Seed Storage Proteins of
Vicia faba
*Atef A. A. Haiba; Nagwa R. Abd
El-Hamid; Elham A. A. Abd El-Hady and Abd El-Rahman M.F.
Al-Ansary
Department of Genetics and Cytology, Genetic Engineering
Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. *Atefhaiba@yahoo.com
Abstract: The genotoxic effects of insecticide
Telliton and fungicide Dithane M-45 were examined on meiotic
cell divisions and changes in the M2 seed storage protein
banding pattern of Vicia faba plants. The
percentage of abnormal pollen mother cells, (PMCs) increased as
the concentration of both pesticides increased. All
concentrations and treatment periods of both pesticides,
induced a number of chromosomal aberrations in PMCs as
stickiness, bridges, laggards, disturbed, micronuclei and
multinucleate. A marked change was observed in the M2 V.
faba seed storage protein banding pattern. These changes
included alterations in band intensity, relative mobilities,
disappearance of some bands and appearance of new other ones.
These results showed that Telliton has more mutagenic effects
than Dithane M-45. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(8):456-462]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.56
Key words: Vicia faba, chromosomal
abnormalities, insecticide, fungicide and SDS -PAGE protein
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Synthesis, (in vitro) Antitumor and
Antimicrobial Activity of some Pyrazoline, Pyridine, and
Pyrimidine Derivatives Linked to Indole Moiety
Ekhlass
Nassar
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for
Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Asma Fahmy
Street, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.
ekhlass_nassar@hotmail.com
Abstract: Aldol condensation reaction between 3-indolaldehyde
1 and 4-methoxyacetophenone 2 afforded chalcone compounds 3. This compound was reacted with some
different reagents such as hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine,
thiosemicarbazide, hydroxylamine, ethyl cyanoacetate, urea and
thiourea to give pyrazolines
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6, oxazoline 7, Michael adduct 8, pyranone 9, and oxo
14a and thiopyrimidine derivatives 14b, respectively. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by microanalyses and various spectral data. Some of the synthesized new compounds were screened against antitumor and antimicrobial activity.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):463-471]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.57
Keywords: Heterocycles, cyclizations,
pyrazolines, pyridines, antitumor activity
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Structural Effect on the
Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of (E) Methyl
3-Carboxy-4-Aryl-3-Butenoate Hemiesters, and the Isomeric (E)
3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-Naphthyl)-3-Butenoic Acid
Shadia M. Abdallah
Department of Chemistry, University
College of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams
University, Asma Fahmy Street, Heliopolis-11341, Cairo, Egypt. shadiamabdallah@hotmail.com
Abstract: The structural effect on the
base-catalyzed hydrolysis of (E) methyl
3-carboxy-4-phenyl-3-butenoate (1), (E) methyl
3-carboxy-4-(1-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (2), (E) methyl
3-carboxy-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoate (3), and (E)
3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(2-naphthyl)-3-butenoic acid (4), at
different temperatures (35-50°C) in 50% aqueous
dioxane (v/v), show that the rate of reaction follows the
overall second order
kinetics, first order with respect to each of the hemiester and
base. It decreases in the order: (1) > (2) > (3) >
(4). Ratios between the values of k2 (k1/Cw),
and also between k3 (k1/Cw2)
in different mixtures are less than 1, which means
that the reaction is apparently independent of Cw. The activation
parameters E#, DH#,
DS#, DG#, and Arrhenius frequency factor (A),
confirmed the structural effect on their rates of hydrolysis. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):472-475]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.58
Keywords: Hemiesters, Hydrolysis, Molecularity,
Reactivity
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Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum
Electrode in Absence and in Presence of Sodium Chloride at
Different pH Solutions using Toludine as Inhibitor
E. A. Abd El-Wahab, A.H. Marei, O. R. Khalifa
and H.A. Mohamed
Chemistry department Faculty of Girls
for Arts, Science & Education, Ain shams university. Cairo,
Egypt.
Abstract: The electrochemical behavior and the
corrosion rate of aluminum electrode have been evaluated in
different pH solutions in absence and presence of aggressive
anion, using open-circuit potential measurements and
potentiodynamic polarization technique. Also, the corrosion
inhibiting effects of ortho, meta and para toludine in a
solution of pH4 containing 0.1M sodium chloride was
investigated using potentiodynamic polarization measurements. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(8):476-486].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.59
Keywords: corrosion; aluminum electrode; pH;
anion; sodium chloride; potentiodynamic polarization
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Corrosion Inhibition of Copper and
Copper Alloy in 3M Nitric Acid Solution using Organic
Inhibitors
O.R.M. Khalifa, A.K. Kassab, H.A.
Mohamed and S.Y. Ahmed
Chemistry department, Faculty of Girls
for Arts, Science and Education, Ain shams University, Cairo,
Egypt
Abstract: The effect of the addition of organic
compounds containing an amino group, such as ethylamine (EA),
ethylenediamine (EDA) and butanediamine (BDA), on the
corrosion of copper and copper alloy in nitric acid was studied
by weight loss, open circuit potential and potentiodynamic
polarization techniques. The explored methods gave almost
similar results. Results obtained revealed that butanediamine
is the best inhibitor and the protection efficiency (p%)
follows the sequence butanediamine > ethylenediamine >
ethylamine. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior
of copper and copper alloy in nitric acid solution in presence
and absence of inhibitor were studied in the temperature range
30-60°C. The associated activation corrosion and free
adsorption energies have been determined. SEM examination of
the copper and copper alloy surface revealed that these
compounds prevented copper and copper alloy from corrosion by
adsorption on its surfaces. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(8):487-498]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.60
Keywords: Copper; Copper alloy; Nitric acid;
Corrosion inhibition; Amines
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Variation
of tree species in response to biotic stress in a fresh water
swamp of Doon valley
1Joshi,S.P, 2Neelam Sharma, 1Suman
Lata Bist, 1Prakriti Dobhal & 1Smriti
Sawan
1Department of Botany, D.A.V (PG)
College, DehraDun, Uttarakhand 263002, India
2District Project Management Unit
(SWAJAL), DehraDun, Uttarakhand 263002, India
nbneelambhatt@gmail.com
Abstract: The present communications
deals with the changes in tree structure at Golatappar 7b block
range in Dehra Dun Forest division, Uttarakhand India in
response to biotic pressure. Golatappar Fresh water swamp, lies
between 300 4’ 30’’
to 300 5’ 15’’
North latitude and 780 12’ 00’’
to 780 12’ 25’’
East longitude. In present the Golatappar Fresh water facing a
lot of biotic pressure the swamp is encroached by the near by
villagers to full fill their daily requirements viz food,
fodder, fuel, timber etc. Lopping of trees for fodder, felling
of trees for timber and fuel is the main cause of the
extinction of important tree species of swampy area. In this
paper we try to assess the variation of tree species in Ridge,
slope and Swamp proper of Golatappar fresh water swamp. The
ridge and slope of Gola tappar fresh water swamp is dominated
by the tree species with maximum IVI (110.07), meanwhile the
Swamp proper is dominated by tree species Diospyros
peregrine and Trewia nudiflora with highest IVI
value (56.91). A comparison of the tree species of Swamp proper
were made by the (Somdeva & Srivastava, 1978). From this
study a major decline of important value index was recorded in
the dominant species of Gola tappar fresh water swamp. The
biotic interference has vanished a number of plant species
representatives of swampy area. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(8):499-502]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.61
Key words: Golatappar;
Biotic stress; Doon valley; Swamp
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Prophylatic Potential of Lemon Grass and Neem as
Antimalarial Agents
Mgbemena, I. C1; Opara, F.N1; Ukaoma,
A1; Ofodu, C1; Njoku, 12; and
Ogbuagu, D. H2.
1. Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of
Technology, Owerri.
2. Department of Environmental Technology, Federal
University of Technology, Owerri.
Corresponding Author: Mgbemena,
I.C. Email: yinwa_2006@yahoo.com
Abstract: Prophylactic activities of methanol,
ethanol and aqueous extracts of neem and lemon grass against
plasmodium development in mice were investigated. Various
extracts of the plants were prepared with soxhlet apparatus. Growth and reproduction of malarial parasite in the
treated animals was delayed 3 days after treatment. The mean % parasitaemia obtained in mice administered with methanolic,
ethanolic and aqueous extracts of lemon grasss were 43.01%,
50.21% and 48.08% while those treated with methanol, ethanol
and aqueous extracts of neem displayed 59.54%, 61.50% and 13.4%
respectively indicating the anti – plasmodial activity of
both plants. It is therefore, concluded that the activities
of these plants depend neither on weight of the mice nor dosage
but on the solvent used. The parasitaemia development in the
group treated with standard drug (Malariech) was significantly
minimal having 2.47% and 88.23% % parasitamia and average %
suppression recorded. Aqueous Neem extract exhibited
highest suppressive effect 76.21% followed by Lemon grass in
respect of the methanolic (43.67%) and aqueous(38.07%)
extracts as compared with methanolic(25.47%) and
ethanolic (23.32%) extracts of Neem. The suppressive value of
aqueous neem extract 76.21%, was considered significant and
could serve as sufficient replacement for conventional
antimalarial drugs that easily loose their potency with the
impending development of resistance. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(8):503-507]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.62
Keywords: Lemon grass,
Malaria, Neem, Plasmodium, Prophylactic
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Evaluation Of Yield And Yield
Attributes Of Some Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L)
Walp) Varieties In Northern Guinea Savanna
*Futuless, K.N and Bake, I.D.
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of
Agriculture, Adamawa State University, Mubi. P. M. B. 25,
Adamawa State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: E – Mail: futulesskaki@yahoo.com,
GSM: 08034798172
Abstract: Five cowpea varieties were evaluated
in 2009 to determine their grain yield attributes. The
experiment was conducted at the Research and Teaching Farm of
Department of Crop Science, Adamawa State University Mubi laid
in randomized complete block design in three replicates. Data
were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant,
number of branches per plant, number of days to flowering, pod
filling period, days to physiological maturity, pods per plant,
pod length, number of seeds per pods, number of seeds per
plant, 1000 seed weight and yield per hectare. Data collected
were subjected to analysis of variance. Most of the yield and
yield determining attributes recorded significant (P = 0.05)
difference due to treatment effects. These varieties flowered
between 38.02 days to 50.12 days after planting and the
maturity period did not exceed 71 days. Average grain yield
ranged between 14,000.3kg/ha to 20, 000.20kg/ha. V2
(Brown Kananado) recorded the highest yield of
20,000.20kg/ha with V5 (Ife - Brown) giving
the least yield of 14,000.30kg/ha. The need to develop
varieties with different attributes and resistance to major
biotic and abiotic constraints to suite the needs of different
agro – ecological zones can not be over emphasized. This
is because varietal requirements in terms of plant type, seed
type, maturity, yield for cowpea varies from one agro –
ecological region to another. [Journal of American Science
2010; 6(8):508-511]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.63
Key Words: Cowpea,
Genotypes, Optimum, Evaluation, Yield Components
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Synthesis and Modification of some Heterocyclic
Compounds with Potential Biological Activity Coupled on Poly
(Maleic Anhydride –Methyl Methacrylate)
Tahia B. Mostafa
Chemistry Department Faculty of Women,
Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
tahia_mostafa@yahoo.com
Abstract: This paper presents some results
concerning the immobilization through chemical bonds of
some biologically active compounds on the maleic anhydride-
methyl methacrylate) copolymer. The high reactivity of the
anhydride cycle of the polymer has allowed us to obtain
conjugates in which the biologically active compounds of some
heterocyclic compounds are immobilized on the polymeric support
through amide bonds. The reaction products were characterized
through elemental analysis, mass spectra, FTIR and 1HNMR
spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the modified
copolymer was tested against various microorganisms (Staphylococcus
aureus, Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella
and fungal, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus Flavus and Fusarium
oxyspoium). In general, the copolymers showed good
antimicrobial activity against the previously mentioned
microorganism. [Journal of American Science 2010;
6(8):512-524]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.64
key words : Synthesis, Copolymer, Heterocyclic, Antibacterial
activity
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Cytogenetics Changes on Cancer Cells
as Affected by Ginger Extracts
Zeinab E. Hanafy
Department of Zoology, Faculty of
Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract: A wide
variety of phenolic substances derived from spice possess
potent antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities.
Some of the phenolic substances are present in ginger,
possessing strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative
properties as well as exert substantial anti-carcinogenic and
anti-mutagenic activities. The present study was conducted to
examine the in vivo cytogenetic effect
of ginger extract on Ehrlich ascites cell inoculated in
female mice. This study was
performed on two groups of female mice. The first, one was
inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2.5x 106
Ehrlich ascites cells. However, the second one received oral
daily ginger (100 mg /Kg body wt.) on day two of inoculating animals with
Ehrlich ascites cells. Results revealed that various types of
chromosomal aberrations in Ehrlich ascites cells were detected.
These aberrations were manifested in either numerical or structural
aberrations. Ehrlich ascites cells contain
different number of chromosomes ranging form 26 to 125 with an
increase in micronuclei cells and incidence of mitotic index.
In addition, a reduction in micronuclei cells and mitotic index
in Ehrlich ascites cells were detected. Also, a reduction
in chromosomal aberration of Ehrlich ascites cells was
achiveved. The reduction of abnormalities in tumor cells by the
extracts may stimulate the cells to divide normally or go to
die (through apoptosis) if they cannot remove chromosomal
abnormalities. It was concluded that ginger extract may have a
chemotherapeutic effect on Ehrlich ascites cells. The extract
greatly changed tumor cells to diploid normal cells. The use of
dietary agents such as ginger may have potency for the
treatment and prevention of cancer. [Journal of American
Science 2010; 6(8):525-539]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.65
Key words: Zingiber officinale, Ehrlich ascites cell, chromosomal
aberration, micronuclei cells
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Detecting
Municipal Solid Waste Leachate Plumes Through Electrical
Resistivity Survey And Physio-Chemical Analysis Of Groundwater
Samples
Nasir Khalid Abdullahi 1,
Isaac Babatunde Osazuwa 2, Abraham Onugba 3
1 Department
of Applied Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna
Polytechnic, Kaduna
2 Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
3 Department
of Hydrogeology, National Water Research Institute, Mando,
Kaduna
E-mail: nkhalid26@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: A Direct
Current electrical resistivity survey was carried out in
Unguwan Dosa open dumpsite in Kaduna metropolis, North Western
Nigeria. The dumpsite is the typical non-controlled waste
facility that lack bottom liner. 8 vertical electrical
soundings (VES) employing the Schlumberger electrode array were
conducted with maximum electrode spacing of 100 m. Interpreted resistivities were obtained by iterative computer modeling of
the apparent resistivity data. The VES data were plotted as
pseudo and resistivity cross-sections in order to look at the
spatial distribution of the contaminant plumes. The interpreted
VES data measured inside the dumpsite showed contamination
plumes as low zones with resistivity values ranging between 1
and 12.9 ohm-m extending from the surface down to the aquifer
of shallow groundwater of less than 5 m. Calculated hydraulic
conductivity ranges between QUOTE  m/s
and QUOTE  for
shallow subsurface layers of interpreted VES points located
inside and outside the dumpsite. This moderately conductivity
value of the subsurface materials is believed to facilitate
movement of the leachate plume through the soils and migration
of the contaminants outside the dump and into the shallow
aquifer in the study area. Elevation in concentrations of the
measured parameters of the physio-chemical analysis of water
samples from existing hand dug wells indicate contamination of
the groundwater as a result of solid waste leachate
accumulation, consequently, complimenting the geophysical data.
[Journal of American
Science 2010; 6(8):540-548]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.66
Keywords: Open dump;
electrical resistivity; Schlumberger; leachate; contamination;
physio- chemical
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Impact of
different soil media on growth and chemical constituents of Jatropha
curca L. seedlings grown under water regime
Azza, A. M. Mazhar; Nahed G. Abd El
Aziz and E. El.Habba
Ornamental Plants and Woody Trees
Department National Research Centre, Egypt.
dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: Two pot experiments were carried out
at Research and Production Station, Nubaria of National
Research Centre, Egypt, during 2008 and 2009 seasons. The
purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of some
soil media (sand, clay and sand + clay) under different water
regimes (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 cm3/pot) on growth
and chemical constituents of Jatropha curcas L. Results
showed that, increasing water supply gradually increased
significantly plant height, stem diameter, number of
leaves/plant, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and
stem. The same behavior was noticed concerning chlorophyll a,
b, a+b, carotenoids content as well as N, P and k uptake in
shoots. On the contrary, root length, fresh and dry weight of
roots as well as N, P, K and proline content increased as water
level decreased. Data also observed that all growth parameters,
three pigments content, N, P, K and proline content tended to
increase by using clay media followed by sand + clay media as
compared with sand media. Clay media can be used to reduce the
effect of water stress up to 500 cm3/pot. These
applications may be recommended for overcoming the harmful
effect on growth and chemical constituents of Jatropha curca
L. Seedlings under water stress. [Journal of American
Science 2010; 6(8):549-556]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.67
Keywords: soil media; Jatropha
curca L; water regime; seedling
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Serum
resistin levels and haemostatic changes in experimentally
induced diabetic and high fat fed rats
Mohammad I.
Hoseen, Mai M. Hassan, Dalia I. Abd-Alaleem and Eman
M. Faragallah.
Department of physiology,
Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University.
Email: dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: Adipose tissue is considered as an active
endocrine gland that affects many aspects of body homeostasis.
Adipose tissue derived molecules
‘‘adipokines” regulate energy homeostasis,
dietary behavior, as well as insulin sensitivity and immunity;
it refers to leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin, visfatin
and omentin. Resistin is a cysteine-rich adipokine that is
released by adipocytes and macrophages and has been involved in
the development of insulin resistance in rodents. Moreover a
strong link between diabetes, hypercoagulability and thrombogenesis,
had been recognized for decades. Aim: In a trial to identify
any possible relationship between resistin levels and some
haemostatic changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and high
fat diet-fed rats (HFD); the present work had been carried out.
Design: A total number of 40 adult male albino rats were
divided into 2 main groups: Group I (n= 24): To study the
effect of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and was
further divided into 3 equal subgroups (n= 8 in each) and
survived for 30 days: Ia: (control group), Ib: (experimental
diabetic non-treated group (by a single i.p. injection of
streptozotocin (65mg/Kg B.W), Ic (experimental diabetic group
treated with insulin). Group II (n= 16) : To study the effect
of high fat diet and was further divided into 2 equal subgroups
(n= 8 in each) and survived for 7 weeks: IIa: (control
group),IIb (high fat diet fed (58% fat). In all groups,
serum levels of glucose, insulin, resistin, total
cholesterol(TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL, LDL, BT, WBCT, PT,
aPTT, plasma fibrinogen level, plasma D-dimmers level and
platelet count were measured. Results: The results of
this study showed a significant decrease in serum resistin
levels (p<0.001) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group in
comparison with its control group and insulin-treated group.
Moreover, no significant correlation could be detected between
resistin levels and any of measured parameters in these groups
except the significant positive correlation with body weight at
the end of experimental period. In addition, our study revealed
a significant increase in serum resistin levels (p<0.001) in
HFD-fed group in comparison with its controls, which was
correlated positively and significantly with body weight,
serum glucose levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index
(p<0.001), atherogenic lipid profile and markers of
hyper-coagulability (except for platelet count). Conclusion: No
role for resistin in metabolic and haemostatic changes in type
1 diabetic rats was detected. Although, hyperresistinemia may
represent a link between metabolic signals, atherogenesis, and
hypercoagulability in type 2 diabetic rats. However, further
studies are needed to clarify this relationship in human
cardiovascular diseases. [Journal of American Science 2010;
6(8):557-567]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.68
Keywords: Resistin,
Streptozotocin, high fat, diabetes, heamostasis
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Assessment of DNA Sensitivity and Heat
Stress Protein Response (HSP70) in Male Wistar Rat Blood After Exposure
to Microwave Radiation
El-Ezabi, M.M.
Department of Zoology- Faculty of
Science – Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Email: dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: Because of the increasing use of mobile
phones, the possible risks of non-ionizing radiofrequency of
electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) adverse effects on human health
was evaluated. The present study aims to assess possible DNA
damaging effects induced by microwave radiation of mobile phone
type in male Wistar rat blood in vivo. A number of 30
male Wistar rats (118±20g) was divided into 3 groups (10
animals in each group) exposed for (15, 30 and 60 min.) to a
working Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cell phone
rated at a frequency of 900 MHz, at non-thermal specific
absorption rate (SAR) of 2.9 W/Kg. Concurrent control animals (n=10) were also included in the study. After the
exposure periods five animals from each group were sacrificed
immediately while the other five animals were sacrificed after
7 days (recovery period). DNA sensitivity in rat blood
leukocytes was assessed by using the alkaline comet assay
method. The heat shock protein stress response (HSP70) in serum
samples of the rats was also investigated. The results showed
significant increased DNA damage in blood leukocytes after the
exposure times 15 and 30 min and after the three exposure times
of the recovery period (7 days) as detected by the comet assay
method. Serum HSP70 levels were also significantly increased in
the exposed animals and in the animals at the recovery period
as compared to the control animals. The
present study indicates that RF-EMF represents a potential
DNA-damaging hazards and using the alkaline comet assay is a
sensitive tool in the measurement of DNA damage after exposure
to 900 MHz microwave radiation in vivo. The increased
HSP70 stress response to RF-EMF exposure might involved in
protecting cells from DNA damage induced by microwave
radiation. [Journal of American Science 2010;
6(8):568-575]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.69
Key words: comet assay – DNA damage
– microwave radiation – HSP70
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Effect of Soil Water Content and
Salinity on Daily Evaporation from Soil Column
Zhu Xue and Takeo Akae
Graduate School of Environmental
Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama
700-8530, Japan
xuezhu_okayama@yahoo.com
Abstract: The paper was presented in order to demonstrate
the performance of the maximum surface temperature model (MSTM)
developed for estimating soil evaporation based on surface
energy balance and the periodic various in soil surface
temperature. In this study, to minimize the influence of meteorological
factors on evaporation, a relative evaporation (RE) was
used to demonstrate the change in the estimated evaporation
from non-saline and saline soils with differ initial soil water
content. It was a positive correlation between the RE
and soil water content, which indicated that the MSTM may be
affected by the soil water. And the evaporation from saline
soil was less than that from non-saline soil, which was
attributed to the effect of salt accumulating on soil surface
reducing the evaporation. At the same time, the MSTM can also
show the stage of soil evaporation during entire observation.
Therefore, it is indicated that the MSTM may be used to predict
the daily evaporation by using only soil surface temperature.
[Journal of American Science 2010; 6(8):576-580]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060810.70
Keywords: Non-saline
and saline soils; Soil surface temperature; Soil evaporation;
Soil water content
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The above
manuscripts are online first for peer-review, starting from May
8, 2010.
For back issues of the Journal of American Science, click here.
Emails: editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com
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