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The Journal of American Science
ISSN 1545-1003
Volume 6, Issue 7, July 1, 2010
Cover (online),
Cover (print),
Introduction,
Contents,
Call
for Papers,
am0607
Welcome to send your
manuscript(s) to: americansciencej@gmail.com.
CONTENTS
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Titles / Authors
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1
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Nutritive evaluation of some tropical under-utilized
grain legume seeds for ruminant’s nutrition.
*Festus Tope Ajayi, Sikirat Remi Akande, Joseph Oluwafemi
Odejide1 and Babajide Idowu
Institute of Agricultural Research and
Training, Obafemi
Awolowo University,
Moor Plantation,
Ibadan, Nigeria.
1Federal College
of Agriculture, Moor Plantation,
Ibadan, Nigeria.
ajayiajay@yahoo.com
Abstract: This
study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional potential of
seeds of African yam bean (Sphenostylis
stenocarpa), Lima bean (Phaseolus
lunatus), Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean), sword bean (Canavalia gladiata),
jack bean (Canavalia
ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), Lablab (Lablab purpureus)
and soybean (Glycin max)
for feeding livestock using in-vitro techniques. The crude
protein of the seeds ranged from 18.8% in jack bean to 33.5% in
soybean. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was between 16.4% in
soybean and 23.2% in African yam bean. Soybean was lowest
(4.5%) in acid detergent lignin (ADL) compared to other legumes
investigated. Tannin content was between 2.1 g/100g in soybean
and 7.2 g/100g in lima bean. The seed of soybean was least in
concentrations of phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, saponin and
oxalate whereas significant (P<0.05) variations were
observed among the under-utilized grain legume (UGL) seeds for
these anti-nutrients. The metabolizable energy (ME), Organic
matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA)
of the UGL seeds differed (P<0.05) significantly. The ME was
between 8.8 and 12.1 MJ/Kg, OMD was between 49.6 and 80.5% while
the SCFA ranged from 0.7 to 1.2 mmol. Gas production
characteristics revealed that methanogenesis was low in jack
beans (35 ml) and highest in soybean (48.7 ml), potential gas
production, b, was between 23.4 ml in lima bean and 38.5 ml in
soybean. The rate of substrate fermentation was lowest in jack
bean and highest soybean. It is concluded that among the UGL
seeds investigated Lima bean, pigeon pea and jack bean seeds
are unsuitable as feed resources for ruminant livestock.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):1-7]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.01
Keywords: Degradation
coefficients, gas fermentation, secondary metabolites,
under-utilized grain legume seeds
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2
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Application of Elovic and Bhattacharya/Venkobacharya
Models to Kinetics of Herbicide Sorption by Poultry Based
Adsorbent: A GCMS External Standard Approach
Itodo Adams
Udoji1,FunkeWosilat Abdulrahman2,Lawal
Gusau Hassan3,S.A.Maigandi4,Happiness
Ugbede Itodo5
1Department of Applied Chemistry, Kebbi
State University of Science and Technology,
Aliero, Nigeria
2Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, Nigeria
3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto, Nigeria
4Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu
Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
5Department of Chemistry, Benue
State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
itodoson2002@yahoo.com
Abstract: Three kinetic models were utilized
in analyzing the removal of Atrazine from herbicide solution by
its adsorption onto acid treated Poultry dropping Activated
carbon. The forecasted pseudo-first order (with K1=0.00921min-1)
was proven unfit in predicting the adsorption rate by the Bhattacharya and Venkobacharya rate
constant which is approximately the same (ka=
-0.009212min-1) but opposite in sign to the former.
The linearity of (U)T shows that atrazine molecule has great
accessibility to the adsorbent molecule. Desorption constant by
the Elovic model was estimated as 12.987g/mg. Other parameters
investigated to increase linearly with contact time include the
fractional attainment at equilibrium(Ca/Co),equilibrium
constants(Kc), sorption efficiency (%RE) and Gibbs free energy
(-ΔG). [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):8-18].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.02
Key words: Poultry dropping,
Kinetics,
Herbicide, Sorption,
Activated carbon.GC/MS
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3
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Itodo Adams
Udoji1,Funke Wosilat Abdulrahman2,Lawal
Gusau Hassan3,S.A.Maigandi4,Happiness
Ugbede Itodo5
1Department of Applied Chemistry, Kebbi
State University of Science and Technology,
Aliero, Nigeria
2Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, Nigeria
3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto, Nigeria
4Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu
Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
5Department of Chemistry, Benue
State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
itodoson2002@yahoo.com
Abstract: Acid
modified abundant lignocellulose Agricultural wastes, Sheanut
shells (SS/A) was used to develop activated carbon and applied
to removal of Agrochemical(Atrazine) from a multicomponent
herbicide solution. A GCMS which can separate, detect and
measure the target (sorbate) was applied to estimate
equilibrium phase atrazine. Generated data were tested with 3
isotherm models.Extent of fitness follows the order Freundlich
(R2=0.994)>Langmuir (R2=0.977)>BET
(R2=0.894) implying that surface coverage is more
of heterogeneous.
Freundlich adsorption capacity was valued at 0.045 х10-3
KF (units in mgg-1 (1mg-n(n)).
Study of the effect of initial sorbate concentration (%RE) revealed that
adsorption efficiency increases linearly with time in a range
of 46.08% (for SS/A/5gdm3) to 66.324 (for SS/A/25gdm3). Generally, t
he GCMS quantitation via external standard methods shows that
sorted waste could be a potential source of active filter for
atrazine sorption. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):19-29]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.03
Keywords:: Sheanut shells; Atrazine; Activated
carbon; GCMS
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An Assessment of
Fluid Inclusions Composition Using the Raman Spectroscopy at
Daleishan Goldfield,
Dawu County, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
Diarra Karim 1*, Hanlie Hong 2
1China University of
Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
2 Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University
of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074 (Hubei province), China;
*Corresponding Author: E mail:
bn_cogem@yahoo.fr
Abstract: The
purpose was to assess fluid inclusions composition in the
Goldfield, Hubei province, China.
The laser Raman spectroscopy was used as an analytical tool.
The results show that water and carbon dioxide (∼70 %), and quartz (∼10 %) are the primary and secondary
compositions of most of the inclusions, respectively. A number
of three phase inclusions were low and inclusion size varies from
1 to 27µm. The density of CO2 fluid inclusions measured in
quartz mineral varied from 0.61 to 0.96 g/cm3. No traces of
other gases such as hydrogen (H2), ethylene (C2H2), ethene
(C2H4), benzene (C6H6), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon
monoxide (CO) were observed, confirming epithermal origin of
the deposit (quartz ± calcite± adularia ± illite assemblage).
In Daleishan goldfield, according to inclusion composition,
vapor and liquid may be main agent transports for gold in
epithermal systems as well as for silver. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(7):30-37]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.04
Key words: Auriferous
veins, Raman spectroscopy, inclusions fluids, Daleishan
Goldfield, quartz
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Early-age compressive strength
assessment of oil well class G cement due to borehole pressure
and temperature changes
Mojtaba Labibzadeh 1,
Behzad Zahabizadeh 1, Amin Khajehdezfuly 1
1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Shahid Chamran University,
Ahvaz, Iran; Labibzadeh_m@scu.ac.ir
Abstract: Development of high early-age
compressive strength oil well cement is an important task in
the oil well cement design. Achievement of suitable early-age
compressive strength of oil well cement ensures both the
structural support for the casing and hydraulic/mechanical
isolation of borehole intervals. Holding this issue in mind, in this
research, the effect of pressure and temperature changes inside
the borehole on the class G oil well cement compressive
strength has been studied. In the proposed work, in contrast to
the mostly previous studies which considered some certain
temperatures and atmospheric pressure in their tests, the
effects of contemporary pressure and temperature changes on the
early-age compressive strength of oil well cement have been
investigated. Using a
non-destructive method, the compressive strength of 48 hours
cured cement samples under progressive changing of
simultaneously pressures and temperatures coincident to a
real oil well data were measured and recorded continuously at
predefined intervals during this 48 hours period time. The case
study was an oil well located in Darquain region of Khuzestan province in Iran. Obtained results showed that
8 and 12 hours aged samples have a maximum compressive strength
in a certain combination of pressure and temperature, 51.7 MPa
and 121°C, whereas 24, 45 and 48 hours aged samples have a
minimum point in their compressive strength curve at 17.2 MPa
and 68°C and a maximum point at 41.4 MPa and 82°C. All the
samples show the significant reduce (up to approximately 70%)
in compressive strength after the 51.7 MPa and 121°C point.
Considering the case study oil well profile of borehole
pressure and temperature changes, this tested class G cement is
recommended to use in cementing job from ground level down to
the almost 4000 m below the surface. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):38-47]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.05
Keywords: Compressive Strength, Oil Well, Cementing,
borehole Pressure and Temperature
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Influence of Oil Well
Drilling Waste on the Engineering Characteristics of Clay
Bricks
Medhat S. El-Mahllawy* and
Tarek A. Osman
Raw Building Materials
Technology and Processing Research Institute Housing and
Building National Research Center, Egypt; Email: medhatt225@yahoo.com
Abstract: Huge
quantities of oil-based mud waste were produced during oil well
drilling operations in Egypt. These
quantities are environmental hazards and usually disposed in
open pits that constructed during drilling operations. These
pits, approximately 50 years old, resemble an extreme
environmental and health hazards integrated with fire and
dangerous sinking risks. Consequently, the main
objective of this paper is to explore the influence of oil well
drilling waste, basically oil based mud waste, on the
engineering characteristics of the manufactured environmentally
friendly, sufficient performing red clay building brick.
Compositions of the used materials as well as
physico-mechanical characteristics of fired briquettes were
investigated. The laboratory results demonstrate that the water
absorption, bulk density, efflorescence and compressive
strength of the fired briquettes are met the acceptable limits
of Egyptian Standard No. 204-2005 for clay masonry units used
for load and non-load bearing walls construction. The reuse of
this waste material in the building industry will contribute to
the protection of the environment through great advantages in
waste minimization and beneficial income to the community
through the utilization process in building industry. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(7):48-54]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.06
Keywords: Oil-based mud, clay brick,
physico-mechanical properties, bearing walls construction
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Mass Multiplication of Celastrus paniculatus Willd - An
Important Medicinal Plant Under In Vitro Conditions using Nodal Segments
Devi Lal and Narender Singh*
Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University,Kurukshetra,
Haryana, India—136119.
nsheorankuk@yahoo.com
Abstract: A
rapid clonal propagation system has been developed for Celastrus paniculatus
(Celastraceae) an important medicinal plant under in vitro conditions.
Nodal explants from mature plant of this species were collected
and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various
concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1) of
cytokinins (BAP and Kn) and auxins (IAA, NAA and 2, 4-D) alone
and in various combinations under
controlled condition of 16 hours of photoperiod and 8 hours
dark period at a temperature of 25±2şC. The maximum
number of shoots (8.9±0.5) along with hundred per cent bud
break was recorded in the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1
BAP. Most of the combinations of cytokinins with IAA induced
the formation of less number of shoots. The in vitro regenerated
shoots were excised aseptically and implanted on full and half
strength MS medium without or with growth regulators (IAA, NAA
and IBA) at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1 for
rooting. MS half strength medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1
NAA proved best with hundred per cent rooting. The regenerated
plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots containing
sterilized soil and sand mixture (3:1). The plantlets were then
transferred to the field conditions. Seventy per cent of the
regenerants survived well. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):55-61]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.07
Key words: Micropropagation, nodal segments, multiple shoots, Celastrus paniculatus.
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Fatigue Analysis of Hydraulic Pump Gears
of JD 955 Harvester Combine Through Finite Element Method
Hassan seyed Hassani 1, Ali
Jafari 2*, Seyed Saed Mohtasebi 2 and Ali
Mohammad Setayesh 3
1. Msc Student in Mechanic of
Agricultural Machinery, University
of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
e-mail: hshasani@yahoo.com
2. Members of Scientific Board of Faculty
of Engineering & Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran,
Karaj, Iran.
* Corresponding author, Phone number: e-mail: jafarya@ut.ac.ir
3. Department of Research & Development, ICM Company,
Arak, Iran.
Abstract: Throughout the present research, the
gears fatigue of the hydraulic pump in JD 955 harvester combine
was investigated through the finite element method and using
contact analysis for precise determination of the contact
region of the engaged teeth so that their lifespan was
estimated. The reason for performing this research was to study
the intended gears behaviour affected by fatigue phenomenon due
to the cyclic loadings and to consider the results for more
savings in time and costs, as two very significant parameters
relevant to manufacturing. The results indicate that with fully
reverse loading, one can estimate longevity of a gear as well
as find the critical points that more possibly the crack growth
initiate from. For the investigated gears, the most critical
points were detected as nodes numbered 36573 and 37247.
Furthermore, the allowable number of load cycles and using
fully reverse loading was gained 0.9800E+07. It is suggested
that the results obtained can be useful to bring about
modifications in the process of the above-mentioned gears
manufacturing. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):62-67].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.08
Key words: Harvester combine; Fatigue;
Longevity; Finite element; Optimization; Contact analysis
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Subsurface
Geophysical Estimation of Sand Volume in Ogudu Sandfilled area
of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Adeoti
Lukumon ą, Oyedele K. Festus ą and Adegbola R. Bolaji ˛
ą·Department
of Geosciences University
of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
˛·Department
of Physics, Lagos State University,
Lagos Nigeria.
lukuade@yahoo.com, kayodeunilag@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Surface geophysical survey was carried out using Electrical
resistivity and induced polarization methods to estimate volume
of sand deposits for the purpose of development/exploitation via
dredging in Agboyi area of Lagos State. The study area was
divided into square, rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal
cells before conducting the geophysical survey. A total of 125
Vertical electrical sounding (VES) data were collected using
Schlumberger electrode configuration with an electrode spacing
varying between 100 and 400m. Five wells were also drilled for
the collection of soil samples with a view to mapping the litho-logical variations of
the subsurface strata. The combination of Vertical
electrical sounding (VES) data, Induced Polarization (IP) data
and well log data were used in inferring the litho-logical
units of each geo-electric layer within the study area. The
geo-electric sections delineate three to five subsurface
layers, which include sand, sandy clay/ clayed sand, and clay.
The 2-D and 3-D Isopach maps show the distribution of sand with
thickness ranging between 0.5m and 7.0m.The volume of sand
within each cell was calculated and the results were summed to
give a total volume of 165596.5712m3
of sand as against 1.5million m3 projected. Hence, the analysis shows that the
study area is devoid of enough sands for the purpose of
development/exploitation via dredging. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(7):68-77]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.09
Keywords: Vertical Electrical sounding (VES);
Geoelectric Section; Lithological
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Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
and Aspergillus niger
and the biodegradation of Diethyl Phthalate (DEP) via Microcalorimetry.
Alhaji Brima Gogra a,d,
Jun Yao
a,*, Edward H. Sandy a, ShiXue Zheng b,
Gyula Zaray c, Zheng Hui b
a State Key Laboratory of
Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Ministry of Education,
School of Environmental Studies and Sino-Hungarian Joint
Laboratory of Environmental Science and Health,
China University of Geosciences,
430074 Wuhan,
PR China.
b State key Laboratory of
Agricultural Microbiology, College
of Life Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University,
430070 Wuhan,
PR China.
c Department of Chemical
Technology and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös University,
H-1518 Budapest, P.O. Box 32, Hungary.
d Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental
Sciences, Njala University, Sierra Leone.
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: yaojun@cug.edu.cn (J. Yao) or abgogra@yahoo.co.uk
(A. B. Gogra)
Abstract: This work was focused on investigating the
occurrence of cell surface hydrophobic (CSH) character among
diethyl phthalate (DEP)-degrading microbes (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,
and Aspergillus niger)
by evaluating the effect of DEP on microbial cell surface
hydrophobicity and to investigate any relationship between cell
surface hydrophobicity and the ability of such microbes to
degrade DEP using microcalorimetry and other methods. In this
study, a TAM III multi-channel microcalorimeter, at 28 oC,
was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
of DEP and the DEP biodegradation efficiency by fitting the
thermogenic curves and integrating the area limited by these
curves, respectively.
Using MATHS (microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons) assay,
CSH of the microbial cells was determined as a measure of their
adherence to the hydrophobic n-octane. From the experimental
data, S. aureus was
found to be the most efficient DEP degrader and E. coli the least and
that S. aureus showed
high, whilst E. coli
and A. niger showed
moderate hydrophobicity and autoaggregation abilities. There were positive
correlations between microbial cell surface hydrophobicity and
autoaggregation ability, DEP biodegradability, IC50 values
for the tested strains. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(7):78-88]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.10
Keywords: Hydrophobicity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Microcalorimetry, Diethyl
phthalate, Autoaggregation, IC50.
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Effect of planting dates and different
levels of potassium fertilizer on growth, yield and chemical
composition of sweet fennel cultivars under newly reclaimed
sandy soil conditions
Abou El-Magd, M. M. *Zaki, M. F.* and Camilia Y.
Eldewiny**
* Department of Vegetable Res.,
National Research Centre (NRC),
Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
**Department of Soil and Water Use,
National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted
at the Agricultural research Station, National Research Centre,
El-Nobaria province, El Beheira Governorate, Egypt, during the
two successive winter seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 on sweet in an area of newly reclaimed soil to
study the effect of transplanting dates and different rates of
potassium salphate fertilizer on vegetative growth, yield,
quality and chemical content of six sweet fennel cultivars
(cvs. Dolce, Zefa Fino, Selma, Fino, De Florance and
Zwejahrig). Transplanting dates were early (15th September)
and late (1st
October) combined with four rates of potassium salphate,i.e. 0,
45, 60 and 75 kg K2O/ fedd.(Feddan = 0.40 ha.).
Results indicated that transplanting dates differed
statistically in their effect on the vegetative growth of sweet
fennel plants. The highest vegetative growth expressed as plant
height, leaves number /plant, fresh and dry weight of the total
plant and its organs, bulb dimensions (thickness, width and
length); total green yield and macro-nutrients content in
leaves and bulbs (N, P and K) were obtained by early plantation
(15th September). On
the other hand, lower values of vegetative growth, green yield
and quality of bulbs were obtained in the late plantation (1st
October). Results summarized that sweet fennel cultivars as
mentioned previously differed statistically in their vegetative
growth, bulb dimensions and total green yield as well as
chemical content in leaves and bulbs of sweet fennel plants.
Zwejahrig cultivar was superior in its vegetative growth
expressed as plant height; leaves number; fresh and dry weight
of the total plant and its organs; bulb dimensions (thickness,
width and length); total green yield and macro-nutrients (N, P
and K) content in leaves and bulbs compared with other
cultivars. On the other
hand, the lowest values were recorded by cvs. Dulce and Zefa
Fino. With respect to potassium fertilizer rates, results
reveal that sweet fennel plants treated with 75 kg K2O/
fed. showed higher vegetative growth parameters (plant length,
leaves number and bulb dimensions, thickness, width and
length), fresh and dry weight of leaves, bulbs and total plant;
total green yield; physical bulb quality (flatten, cylinder and
elongated shape ratios) and macro-nutrients content (N, P and
K) in tissues of sweet fennel leaves and bulbs than the lower
rates of potassium. The results indicated that combined effect
of transplanting dates and cultivars of sweet fennel caused
significant increases in vegetative growth, green yield, bulb
quality and chemical contents. The highest vegetative growth,
yield and quality as well as chemical contents were obtained by
cv. Zwejahrig combined with early date. The
interaction effect between cultivars and rates of potassium
fertilizer gave a significant increase in vegetative growth,
bulb yield and chemical constituents. The highest values were
obtained by adding the highest potassium rate (75 kg K2O
/ fed.) to cv. Zwejahrig plants. The
highest values were obtained by early date combined with the
highest potassium rate (75 kg K2O/ fed.). In
addition, the highest vegetative growth with the maximum total
green yield was obtained under the combination of cv. Zwejahrig in early date
and the highest potassium rate. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):89-105]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.11
Key words: Sweet fennel; Cultivars; Sowing dates;
Potassium mineral fertilizer; N; P; K; Green yield and quality;
Chemical content
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An Expertise
Recommender System for Web Cooperative Production
Muhammad Aslam1, Ana Maria Martinez
Enriquez2, Muhammad Tariq Pervez3, Zakia
Saeed4
1Department
of CS & E, U.E.T., Lahore, Pakistan
2Department
of CS, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico
3Department
of CS, Virtual University Shadman Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
4Faisalabad
Institute of Cardiology(FIC), Faisalabad, Pakistan
tariq_cp@hotmail.com
Abstract: This
paper focuses on providing dedicated expertise recommender
system to enhance awareness among group members, working in a
distributed cooperative environment. Normally, coauthors lack
the information about the production capabilities of their
colleagues. As a result of this lack, when they need assistance
for the production of complex objects (formulae, figures, style
sheets, etc.) they ask their colleagues for help, consequently
the authoring process is disturbed. On the other hand, personal
referrals may not be useful due to human biasing, liking, and
disliking. The existing expertise recommender systems work on
user profiles containing user qualification, experience, and
history of solved problems. These systems require manual
database updation which can be performed by only skilled
person. We treat the issue by developing an expertise
recommender system which is in-charge to seamlessly observe
user activities and to auto detect a possible human expert of
elaborated productions on the basis of a generic criterion.
Whenever, a participant is deduced as a novice having some
production problem, the developed system recommends him/her the
presence of an expert with whom the novice can communicate. The
entire goal is to enhance awareness coordination among
collaborator activities and hence to generate a consistent
shared production. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):106-112]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.12
Keywords: Knowledge based systems, presence
awareness, collaborative information filtering, recommender
systems
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Impact Of Emission Uniformity On Nutrients
Uptake And Water And Fertilizers Use Efficiency By Drip
Irrigated 15 Years Old Washington Novel Orange Trees Grown On A
Newly Reclaimed Sandy Area.
EL-Hady O.A1.,
S.M. Shaaban2 and A.A.M., Mohamedin3.
1Soils & Water use Dept.
National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
2Water Relations and Field
Irrigation Dept. National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
3 Field Drainage Dept.,
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agriculture
Research Center, Giza, Egypt
dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract A two successive years (2008- 2009)
completely randomized field experiment with four replications
on ≈ 15 years old Washington novel orange trees was
conducted in a drip irrigated newly reclaimed sandy area at
Wadi El- Mollak, Ismailia governorate. Field emission
uniformity (Eu) and absolute field emission uniformity (Eua)
were determined for the area under study to be 85.6% for Eu and
86.8% for Eua. The irrigation system at the studied area could
be considered as good. Although the uniformity of irrigation at
the area under sandy has exceeded 85%, great differences were
estimated between the discharge of the drippers that adversely
affected the uniformity of growth, nutrients uptake, yield and
both water and fertilizers use efficiency by the trees. With
this respect, differences among the annual amounts of
irrigation water received by the trees and consequently
fertilizers dissolved in it have reached 43.1%. accordingly,
significant variations were calculated to be 27.8% for leaf
area, 26.7% for the dry weight of the leaves and 40.6% for
obtained yield. Content of nutrients in the leaves of trees
that received the maximum amount of irrigation water were
higher than those of trees that received the minimum amounts by
18.3, 22.0, 25.8, 18.4 and 30.4% for N, P, K, Ca and Mg,
respectively. Consequently, relative uptake of these nutrient
took the same trend. Positive differences in this parameter
were 45.3, 49.0, 51.8, 46.6 and 56.4% for the aforementioned
nutrients, respectively. Values of water and fertilizers use
efficiency by the trees were also greatly affected by the
uniformity of irrigation. Higher amounts of irrigation water
and applied fertilizers adversely affected both parameters. Improving
the uniformity of emission of the trickle irrigation system to
be more than 90% will lead to uniform fertigation. Uniform
production (quantity and quality of fruits for each tree) is
expected. [Journal
of American Science 2010; 6(7):113-119]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.13
Key Words:
Trickle irrigation,
Field emission uniformity, Sandy soil, novel
orange, Water use efficiency, Nutrients uptake, Fertilizers use
efficiency
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Physiological
Responses of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill) Plants to
Some Growth Substances. The Effect of Certain Amino Acids and a
Pyrimidine Derivative
M.
E. El-Awadi* and Esmat A. Hassan
Botany Department,
Division of Agricultural and Biological Research National
Research Centre, Dokki, 12311, Cairo, Egypt.
*el_awadi@yahoo.com
Abstract: In the Green house of the Botany Department
(winter season 2007/08-2008/09) fennel seeds (Foeniculum
vulgare Mill), from Department of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants, were cultivated after 3 hours soaking in the amino acids
methionine and tryptophan and in the pyrimidine derivative
material (SG93) provided
by the Department of The Pharmaceutical Industry, each at 100 and 500mg/l. Growth
measurements and chemical analyses of the plant were carried
out at juvenile and fruiting stages, i.e. age of 84 and 119
days respectively. The pre-sowing seed treatment with the
growth substances; methionine, tryptophan and the pyrimidine
derivative (SG93) resulted in significant increases in plant
height, number of leaves, number of branches, fresh and dry
weight of shoots, number of umbels per plant, weight of seeds per umbel and
per plant, in comparison to control. The pre-sowing seed treatments led to an
elevation of leaf photosynthetic pigments` content, total
protein, total phenolic compounds in the shoots and in the
yielded seeds as well as in the percentage of fixed and essential oils as compared to
the control. The highest content of the essential oil
percentage was obtained as a result of seed-soaking treatment
in methionine at 100mg/l concentration. In this connection,
anethol represented the major component of such a percentage. [Journal of
American Science
2010; 6(7):120-125]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.14
Key
words: Essential
oil, Foeniculum vulgare, growth, growth substances,
productivity
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Vegetative Growth and Chemical
Constituents of Croton Plants as Affected by Foliar Application
of Benzyl adenine and Gibberellic Acid
Soad, M.M.
Ibrahim, Lobna, S. Taha and M.M. Farahat
Department of
Ornamental Plant and Woody Trees, National Research Centre,
Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract A pot experiment was conducted during
2008 and 2009 seasons at National Research Centre, Dokki,
Cairo, Egypt, Research and Production Station, Nubaria. The aim of this work is to
study the effect of foliar application with benzyl adenine (BA)
at (50, 100 and 150 ppm) and gibberellic acid (GA3)
at (100, 150 and 200 ppm)
on the vegetative growth and some chemical constituents
of croton plants. Most
of the criteria of vegetative growth expressed as plant height,
number of branches and leaves/plant, root length, leaf area and
fresh and dry weights of stem, leaves and roots were
significantly affected by application of the two factors which
were used in this study.All foliar applications of BA and GA3
separately promoted all the aforementioned characters in this
study, as well as chemical constituents i.e. Chl. (a and b),
carotenoids, total soluble sugars, total indoles, total soluble
phenols and N, P and K content compared with control
plants. The highest
recorded data were obtained in plants treated with GA3
200 pm for all chemical
constituents and growth parameters, except stem diameter and
number of branches/plant, and N, P and K % while BA 150 ppm gave the highest stem
diameter and number of branches and N, P and K % and content. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):126-130]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.15
Keywords:
croton plant, benzyl adenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA3 )
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Ability of Immobilized Starter Cells
and Metabolites to Suppress the Growth Rate and Aflatoxins
Production by Aspergillus flavus in Butter
Kawther
El-Shafei; *Eman M. Hegazy and Zeinab I. Sadek*
Dairy
Department and Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department,
National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt.
*E-mail address: zozok1@yahoo.com
Abstract: Antifungal activity of lactic acid
bacteria ( LAB )starter cultures, Lactococcus lactis
ssp. lactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides and
their metabolites in single and mixed cultures were found to
inhibit spoilage and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus
flavus in butter, and have potential as bio-preservative
agents. Also, treating cream before churn with free cells
culture proved to give the greatest antifungal control upon A.
flavus growth and aflatoxin production; while the use of
immobilized cells showed lower activity, then the immobilized
metabolites of the mixed culture. In cream artificially
contaminated with aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1andG2)
treated with immobilized cells or immobilized metabolites of
the mixed cultures revealed a reduction of the concentration of
aflatoxins recovered from butter made from this cream. The
study indicated that the use of lactic acid bacteria and their
metabolites in cream or butter have the potential to be as
food-grade bio-preservatives for extending the shelf-life of
butter and combating the problem of moulds and associated
toxins. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):131-138]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.16
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17
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Development of Doubled Haploid Wheat Genotypes Using
Chromosome Eliminating Technique and Assessment under Salt
Stress
*A.
Y. Amin1 and G.
Safwat2,3 and G., El-Emary4
1 Department of Plant Physiology,
Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
2 Horticulture Research Institute,
Agriculture research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
3 Faculty of Biotechnology, October
University of Modern Sciences and Art, Egypt
4 Institute of Efficient Productivity,
Zagazig University.
Abstract: The
chromosome elimination technique is an efficient method by
which beneficial characters for salt tolerance can be combined
within a short time and a large number of doubled haploid (DH)
genotypes with desirable variability can be produced. In the
present study 120 spring wheat DH genotypes has been developed
using the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) x millet (Pennisetum
glaucum) crosspollination method with the F1 cross between
Kharchia (Indian cultivar) one of the most cultivar recorded as
salt tolerance worldwide and Sakha 93 (Egyptian breeding
cultivar) cultivated in saline soil and recommended for newly
reclaim lands, north area of Egypt. Under normal conditions the
DHs agronomical traits (i.e. flowering
time, number of spikelets per spike (NSPS), plant height, spike
length and 1000 grain weight) distribution
was normal and significant transgressive segregation was
observed. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences
among DH genotypes for all agronomical traits, and the DH 11, 22, 57, 98, 106, 111 and 118
lines found to have better yield characters SNPS, spike length
and 1000 grain weight than the parents under non-saline
condition. The 120 DHs and both parents were grown in
hydroponics culture medium, with the concentration of NaCl :
CaCl2 4:1 being 150mM. Some of those DHs showed much
high in responses to growth under salinity than both parents.
The variances between DH lines were significant for Na+
and Cl- ions, leaf Fresh weight (lfw), leaf dry
weight (ldw), leaf 2 extension rate before salt additions
(LE-b), leaf 4 extension rate after salt additions (LE-a),
number of spikes per plant (SNPP), number of spikelets per
spike (NSPS), number of grains per plant (GN) and grain weight
per plant (GW), and
non-significant for K+ ion and water percentage (W%).
Overall the mean values for the DHs were higher than the
parents values under salt stress, for the DH 3, 12, 38, 57 and
96 genotypes mid-values of LE-a were close to the average of
LE-b under non-saline conditions. A significant negative
correlation was determined between Na content and yield
parameters i.e. SNPP, NSPS, GN and GW. In contrast it was
positively correlation with W%, which might indicates that
better yield characters of DH lines i.e. 10, 25, 42, 57, 68,
96, and 114 than parents under salt conditions may be due
mainly to better exclusion of Na from the shoots. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(7):139-148]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.17
Keywords: doubled haploid, chromosome
elimination, salinity, Triticum aestivum L, breeding
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18
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A New
Method for Fabrication and Laser Treatment of Nano-Composites
Hebatalrahman. A
Housing & Building National
Research Centre (HBRC), Egypt.
Hebatalrahman@naseej.com
Abstract: A new method for manufacturing of
nano-composites was invented; a new technique calls Composite
material machine with four strokes was established. Composite
material machine is a machine for manufacturing of both plastic
and metals matrix composites independent on size, type, and
volume fraction of fillers. The machine works in four strokes,
each of which worked separately. It depends on the material.
The four stokes can be controlled to work in schedule
controlled by the main control unit connected to the computer,
the machine also work manually. The final products were treated by laser irradiation
to improve mechanical properties without any significant change
in composition. The new technique is cheap, qualified and
simple design. The technique was full automated and has been
transferred to industry successfully. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(7):149-154]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.18
Keywords: Fabrication, parameters,
nanocomposite, laser irradiation, nanoparticles, reinforcement
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Optimized
Conditions for Increasing Escherichia coli Resistance to p-Hydroxybenzoic
Acid
Mohamed M.
Aboulwafa1, *Ramadan A. El Domany2,
Riham M. Shawky2 and Shima M. A. Ibrahim2
Microbiology
& Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams
University1, and Microbiology & Immunology
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University2; *E-mail: Rdomanii@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
present study aimed at increasing resistance of Escherichia
coli to p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) through manipulation
of different environmental and physiological factors. According to the study, different
incubation temperatures, pHs, agitation rates and medium
components were tested to characterize E. coli resistance
to pHBA in shake flask and a laboratory fermentor. Genetic analysis using PCR of
four representative E. coli isolates showed that yhcP
gene was detected in both sensitive and resistant wild isolates
of natural sources, a finding that stressed the importance of
studying different environmental, physiological and genetic
factors affecting the regulation of yhcP gene. MIC of
pHBA against E. coli strain BW25113 that has the YhcP
efflux pump showed a 64 fold increase by changing the growth
medium from nutrient broth to basal medium containing 2%
peptone and 2.6% glucose and keeping the pH constant at 8.
Increased resistance of E. coli to pHBA could provide an
effective solution to the toxicity of acid to the producing
host bacterial cell which in turn will help to increase
production of this molecule for commercial use. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(7):155-169]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.19
Keyword:
Escherichia coli,
p-hydroxybenzoic acid, environmental, physiological factors, yhcP
gene
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Immunomodulation of Hepatic Morbidity
in Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni Using Fatty Acid
Binding Protein
Ibrahim Rabia1; Eman
El-Ahwany2; Wafaa El-Komy 1 and Faten
Nagy2
1Parasitology 2Immunology Department, Theodor
Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: Hepatic fibrosis and portal
hypertension are responsible for morbidity in schistosomiasis mansoni.The
objective of this study was to evaluate the possible
anti-morbidity effect of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) of Schistoma
mansoni when given to mice before infection. Multiple small
doses of FABP were injected intra-peritoneally into
experimental animals (100 μg of purified FABP
followed 2 weeks later by two booster doses of 50 μg
each at weekly intervals) and the experimental design included
3 groups of 15 mice each; the first group received FABP
(immunized group), the second group was injected with the 3
doses of FABP one week prior to infection with 100 S.mansoni
cercariae (immunized-infected group) and the third group served
as infected control. Data revealed reduction in CD4+ cells and
increase in CD8+ cells of hepatic granuloma in FABP-immunized
infected group, resulting in significant decrease in CD4+/CD8+
ratio, in comparison to infected control group; the serum
cytokine levels of both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were also
significantly decreased. Histopathological examination of liver
revealed remarkable increase in percent of degenerated ova
within hepatic granuloma which decreased in diameter (12%). In
this study, significant reductions in worm burden (46%) and
tissue egg loads (42.8% and 50% for hepatic and intestinal ova
respectively) were observed in addition to decreased percent of immature stages with
increase in percent of dead ova in Oogram pattern. This
work could present a trial contributing to shaping the severity
of hepatic morbidity. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):170-176]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.20
Key words:
Schistosomiasis. – fatty
acid binding protein – immunization. –
histopathology
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Fault Determination Using One
Dimensional Wavelet Analysis
S. Morris Cooper,
Liu Tianyou, Innocent Ndoh Mbue
Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University
of Geosciences,
Wuhan 430074, China;
smorriscpr@gmail.com
Abstract: Faults play an important role in mineral
exploration and volcanic activities. Their identification, a
major problem in the world of geosciences, is significant to
both geologists and geophysicists. Multiscale wavelet analysis,
a powerful tool for filtering and denoising, has been applied
to solve many problems in geophysics. Wavelet transforms have advantages to
traditional Fourier methods in analyzing physical situations
where the signal contains discontinued and sharp spikes. In this
paper we advance the use of one dimensional multiscale wavelet
for the identification of faults from potential field data. The
method is based on the power of the discrete wavelet utilizing
the concept of breakline and discontinuity (edge detection) and
uses the Daubachies wavelet.
The method is applied to synthetic data and real
potential field data from Dagang, southern China yielding very
good results. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(7):177-182]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.21
Keywords: Wavelet decomposition, Fault,
Potential field, Dagang Oilfield
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The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), a new tool for
Potential Field Separation
S. Morris Cooper1, Liu
Tianyou2, Innocent Ndoh Mbue3
1, 2 Institude of Geophysucs and geomatics,
China University of Geosciences, Wuhan
3 Faculty of Earth Sciences, State Key
Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,
China University of Geosciences, Wuhan
E-mail: smorriscpr@gmail.com
Abstract: In
this paper we are proposing the use of the Empirical Mode
decomposition method as a tool for potential field data
separation. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a new
data analysis method suitable to process non-stationary and
nonlinear data. Its power to filter and decompose data has
earned it a high reputation in signal processing. Its
decomposition results in what is called “Residual”,
which is similar to the regional anomaly of a potential field
data. This residual does not require any preset parameters
unlike contemporary field separation methods. The method is
applied to a magnetic data from the Jianshandian mine in Hubei,
China enabling us to construct a 2.5D inverse model inferring
the existence of deep ore deposits. The method is effective at
separating both local and regional data from magnetic data.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):183-187]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.22
Keywords: Empirical Mode decomposition (EMD),
Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF), potential field separation,
Jianshandian Mine
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Remote Sensing Data Dissemination and
Management: Potential of Replication and Provenance Techniques
Tauqir Ahmad 1, Abad Ali Shah 2
Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and
Technology, Lahore
tauqir_ahmad@hotmail.com, abad_shah@uet.edu.pk
Abstract: With
the proliferation of computer technology in almost every sphere
of life such as e-government, health care and services sector,
there is an increased reliance on digital data. More recently,
satellite and remote sensing data has gained importance owning
to its applications in real time decisions for GIS, military
and strategic needs, and, surveillance and security
systems. However, real
time access to the digital repositories most of which are web
based is plagued by various management and dissemination
issues. In data intensive domains such as scientific
computations, bioinformatics and e-commerce, replication and
provenance have been used successfully for improved performance
of data sources by handling the issues of availability,
discovery, reliability, authenticity and consistency. In this
paper we argue that remote sensing data dissemination and
management share common issues and problems with the data
intensive domains mentioned above. We also suggest that
replication and provenance techniques offer a promising
solution to remove the bottleneck of data dissemination and
management for real time decision making based on remote
sensing data. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):188-198].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.23
Keywords: Remote sensing
data, data dissemination, data management, replication,
provenance
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Potential field Investigation of the
Liberia Basin, West Africa
S. Morris
Cooper
Institute
of Geophysics and Geomatics
China
University of geosciences
Email:
smcooper2002@yahoo.com
Abstract: Euler
deconvolution is a useful tool for providing estimates of the
localities and depth of magnetic and gravity sources. Wavelet
analysis is an interesting tool for filtering and improving
geophysical data. The application of these two methods to
gravity and magnetic data of the Liberia basin enable the
definition of the geometry and depth of the subsurface geologic
structures. The study reveals the basin is sub-divided and the
depth to basement of the basin structure ranging from 5km at
its Northwest end to 10km at its broadest section eastward. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):199-207]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.24
Keywords: Wavelet transform, Euler
deconvolution, Potential field, Liberia basin
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Joint magnetic and seismic
interpretation; Determining Depth and Orientation of Volcanic
Rock in the Qikou Depression, China
S. Morris Cooper, Liu Tianyou
1 Institute of Geo physics and Geomatics, China
University of Geosciences
Wuhan, China; smorriscpr@gmail.com
Abstract: Identification
of volcanic rocks is important in both the oil and gas industry
since they may serve as either hindrance or source rocks. Their
exploration in deep layer, especially when judging their
geological properties, is usually difficult, even for 3-D
seismic method. However, these special geological bodies vary
distinctly in density, susceptibility and resistivity, which
laid a foundation for adopting comprehensive geophysical
prospecting techniques to solving this kind of problems. In
this paper we use integrated geophysics method to construct a
2.5d inverse model of an igneous rock in the Qikou depresson,
eastern China. The model was constrained by a seismic
straitigraphic model based on reflection coefficient and well
data. The combination of seismic and magnetic data for the
inversion of volcanic rocks produces a much clearer
understanding as to the orientation of said rocks as
demonstrated in this paper. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):208-212].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.25
Keywords: Reflection coefficient,
seismic data, magnetic data, modeling, Qikou depression
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Non-insect benthic phytomacrofauna and organism-water quality
relations in a tropical coastal Ecosystem: impact of
land based pollutants.
C.A. EDOKPAYI, R.E.UWADIAE and C.
E.NJAR (In memoriam)
Benthic
Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of
Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.
Email:
eferoland@yahoo.com.
Tel: +2347059497190.
Abstract. The impact
of land based pollutants on the non-insect benthic phytomacrofauna and water
quality in Epe lagoon
was investigated between September, 2004 and February, 2005.
Five study stations impacted by land based pollutants were
selected upstream along the course of the Lagoon. The study
showed that land based
pollutants caused a decrease in dissolved oxygen and pH
and an increase in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and
phosphates. Significant differences in these parameters were
established among the stations sampled. A post hoc test
indicated that stations 2, 3, and 4 were mostly impacted by
pollutants. A generally low taxa population and diversity were
recorded in this study. Eight taxa were identified from a total
of 65 individuals collected from the five stations along the
lagoon. No organism was recorded in station 3.The analyses
showed that the overall abundance of fauna differed
significantly among the stations. Analysis of variance showed
that the abundance of Lymnaeidae was significantly higher
(P<0.05) than those of the other families. The dominance of
the taxa Lymnaeidae was a clear indication of pollution which
resulted in a decline and total elimination of other benthic
macroinvertebrates, which are intolerant of the effects of
polluting effluents. This study suggests that the response of
benthic phytomacrofauna is
important in the study of impacted aquatic systems. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(7):213-220]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.26
Keywords: phytomacrofauna, water quality, tropical
coastal ecosystem.
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Rare Plants Protection Importance and Implementation of
Measures to Avoid, Minimize or Mitigate Impacts on their
Survival in Longhushan Nature Reserve, Guangxi Autonomous
Region, China.
Dado Toure*, J. Ellis Burnet*, Zhou
Jianwei*
*China
University of Geosciences (Wuhan), School of Environmental
Studies
Wuhan, Hubei. 430074. Lumo Lu.
P.R.China; touredado@yahoo.fr, cactais@gmail.com
Abstract: Longhushan reserve is a karst forest of very high
geological and biological quality. Located in South of China, Guangxi Region,
the area reflects the high diversity of Guangxi, which
biological resources are among the first in China, and ranks first among the Chinese provinces in
terms of rare species of plants. The present research
was undertaken to examine the ecosystems within the forest, and
generate awareness about the importance of rare plant species
in order to stimulate the conservation role of Governments,
administrators and population. A field survey was conducted,
plant species were recorded from 17 quadrats, geological and
soil samples were collected to examine some of their chemical
and physical characteristics significance on the vegetation.
During the survey, 152 plant species were recorded, 35 species
were found as dominant canopy and substrata species, and 12
species were identified as endangered. Within those endangered
species, 6 are included in the International
Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
red list for endangered species and 3 are endemic. Analysis of
geological and soil samples revealed that
dolomite appears to be the factor that impacted species
distribution, while rare plants and dominant species responded
differently to soil type, PH, moisture and organic matter (OM)
content. Which lead to say that in the reserve each
karst environment is unique due to its localized conditions,
geological and soil properties, land use practices, climatic
conditions, hydrological and geomorphologic status. The results
also pointed out the evidence of karst ecosystem fragility which
makes the vegetation formation or restoration slow and
difficult process. Therefore, plant
species protection especially endangered species is fundamental
in the area because their conservation is central not only to
biodiversity conservation but also to the
preservation of karst ecosystems. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):221-238]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.27
Key words: Rare plants
Protection; Longhushan; avoidance, minimization/mitigation
measures; Impact
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Biomimetic
Synthesis Of Guided-Tissue Regeneration Hydroxyapatite/Polyvinl
Alcohol Nanocomposite Scaffolds: Influence Of Alignate On
Mechanical And Biological Properties.
E. TOLBA1, B. M. ABD-ELHADY1, B.
ELKHOLY1, H.ELKADY2,M. ELTONSI3
1. Biomaterial
Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
2. Civil
Engineering Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
3. Physics Department,
Faculty of science, El-Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
hala.elkady@gmail.com
Abstract: This paper presents a part of a major research,
in which HA/PVA/alginate scaffolds -with different alginate
compositions -up to 20wt% were fabricated by a modified freeze-extraction
method. This method includes the physical cross-linking of PVA
and chemical cross-linking of the alginate. Characterization of
the prepared scaffolds was performed by morphology observations
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different physical
properties – as porosity and density-were measured. It
was noticed that by increasing alginate composition scaffolds
exhibited highly porous, open-cellular pore structures with
almost porosity about 90%, regardless of alginate composition
and the pore sizes from about 150 to about 300µm.The In Vitro bioactivity and
biodegradability of nano-composite scaffolds were investigated
by incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) and water under osteoclastic resorption conditions,
respectively. The in-vitro
bioactivity test indicating the higher bone-bonding ability of
the biomimetically synthesized a scaffold that is awarded by
the fast formation of bonelike apatite on their surfaces within
one day. Also The
addition of alginate to HA/PVA scaffolds increased the
biodegradability compared with that one without alginate. Mechanical behavior of scaffolds
was investigated under axial loading. Scaffolds stress strain
behavior, maximum true stress, and elastic moduli, were
calculated. It was found that increasing alginate content from
0 to 20% by weight, decreased the compressive modulus from 85.3
to 44.7 MPa, whereas the maximum compressive strength decreased
from 6 to 5 MPa. Finally, it was concluded that the proposed
scaffolds expressed promising performance, despite of the
resulting degradation in their mechanical behavior. The
obtained compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were
still within satisfactory limits. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):239-249]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.28
Keywords: Tissue re-generation, Poly(vinyl),
composites, scaffolds
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Chlorpyrifos (from different sources):
Effect on Testicular Biochemistry of Male Albino Rats.
Afaf, A.
El-Kashoury* and Hanan, A. Tag El-Din**
* Department
of Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology, Central Agricultura
Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza,
Egypt.
** Chemistry
Department, Hormonal Lab., Animal Health Research Institute,
Dokki, Giza, Egypt. drofscience@ymail.com
Abstract: Organophosphates are known primarily
as neutrotoxins. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused
by organophosphates may be involved in the toxicity of various
pesticides. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate
the toxic effects of three trade names of chlorpyrifos (CPF)
pesticide, from different local manufactures [ chlorozan (K) pestpan (W)
and pyriban (H)] on testicular weight, testicular oxidative stress
and some testicular biochemical parameters in male albino rats.
Methods: Three compounds (K, W and H) were administrated
orally to rats at dose of 23.43, 21.40 and 17.43 mg/kg b.w.,
respectively (which represent the 1/4 LD50) with 5
doses per week for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last
treatment the rats were sacrificed using anesthetic ether.
Testes were collected, cleaned and weighed. Right testes were
fractionated and supernatant of testicular homogenate was
obtained by centrifugation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), total
glutathione, activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases,
lactate dehydrogenase and total protein were measured.
Moreover, the left tests were histologically examined. Results
: The testes weights were significantly decreased in (W)
group only. Chlorpyrifos treatments ( K, W and H) alter
markedly the testicular lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, while,
the decline in the total glutathione (GSH) was occurred only in
(W and H) groups, in comparing with the control group. Also,
there was significant decrease in the activities of alkaline
and acid phosphatase (ALP and ACP) and lactate dehydrohenase
(LDH) in all treated groups. Total protein (TP) level
exhibited an elevation in testicular tissue in comparison with
the control group. Treatment-dependent histopathological changes were seen in testes of CPF-W
group only. Conclusion: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) alters
testicular functions possibly by induction of testicular
oxidative stress and inhibition of the activities of marker
enzymes, thereby disrupting male reproduction. [Journal of
American Science 2010;7(7):252-261]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.29
Keywords: Chlorpyrifos; rats; lipid
peroxidation; total glutathione; acid and alkaline phosphatase;
lactate dehydrogenase; total protein ; tests
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Issues In Interacting With GIS In Hydrocarbon
Exploration Industry
Muhammad Shaheen 1,
Muhammad Shahbaz 2, Zahoor ur Rehman 3,
M. Sarshar Aurangzeb4
1,2,3. University of Engineering & Technology
Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
4 Pakistan Accumulators Pvt. Ltd. Pakistan
1 shaheen@uet.edu.pk,
2 m.shahbaz@uet.edu.pk,
3 xahoor@gmail.com,
4 sarshar_zeb@yahoo.com
Abstract: Technology
changed the scenarios in past few decades. Recent developments
in the processing power and storage capacity revolutionized the
industrial development and even troubleshooting. There was a
time when basic computational tools were very slow or even
unavailable in industry but now state of the art tools and
technologies can envisage exploring virtual reality. In energy
sector, world is desperately looking for large reserves of
fossil fuels along with other reserves. The efforts in
hydrocarbon discovery phase deplete lots of resources resulting
in either a very small sized reservoir or in failure.
Geographic information system (GIS) along with related technology
of remotely sensed satellite images, information system
skeleton, graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and analytical tools
can also be used for automated hydrocarbon explorations. GIS is
operated by GIS analysts who have specialized skills in
geo-spatial technologies. Therefore the exploration companies
especially in the developing countries of the world do not rely
on the capabilities of GIS and remote sensing. The reasons are
concluded to be. (1). Interface of GIS is not friendly for
non-specialist and/or novice user. (2). Accuracy of spatial
data is not convincing for accuracy-critical tasks. (3).
Unavailability of standards of spatial / non-spatial data
display. The paper addresses the issues in interacting with GIS
for hydrocarbon exploration and proposes enhanced model of
Geographic Information System (GIS) for making it a reliable
technology in any part of the world in hydrocarbon discovery
phase. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):262-271]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.30
Keywords: Geographic Information System (GIS),
Usability, Interactivity, Human-GIS Interaction, Positional
Accuracy, Hydrocarbon Exploration, Backpropogation Neural
Network
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Surgical Site
Infections and Associated Risk Factors
in Egyptian Orthopedic
Patients
1Khaleid M. Abdel-Haleim, 2Zeinab
Abdel-Khalek Ibraheim, 3Eman M.
El-Tahlawy
Departments of 1Orthopedic
Surgery, 2 Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
Cairo University
3Departement of
environmental health, National Research Center, Egypt
we.za.2007@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Background:Surgical
site infections
(SSIs) were identified on inpatient surgical
wards, and most were associated with cardiac, abdominal, and
orthopedic surgery. SSIs surveillance data are the foundation
of effective infection control programs. Aim of the work:This
study was conducted to estimate the risk factors and major
pathogens involved in SSIs in orthopedic ward in a public
hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Materials and Methods:During a
9-months period; a total of 93 consecutive orthopedic
surgery patients were followed prospectively for
30 days after surgery. Risk factors for SSIs development were
assessed for each patient. Swabs from infected surgical wounds
were inoculated into routine culture media. Isolates were
identified to the species level, and antimicrobial resistance
patterns were determined. Results:The present study
detected an overall SSIs rate of 25.8% (from 4.1% in clean
wound to 66.7% in dirty contaminated wounds). Surveillance of
risk factors of SSI, defined age, obesity (Body
mass index "BMI" > 25), smoking, length of stay in
hospital, class of wound, number of persons in the operating
room, duration of operation and National Nosocomial infections
surveillance (NNIS) index as independent risk factors
for SSIs development. Microbiological study of infected
surgical sites detected 47 pathogens. S. aureus was isolated most frequently 42.6%,
Coagulase negative staphylococci "CoNS" and Enterococci
were detected in 10.6% and 6.4% of isolates respectively. K.
pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, K. oxytoca, E. coli and A. baumannii
were detected in percentages of 14.9%, 10.6%, 4.3%, 4.3% and
2.1% of isolates respectively. Candida albicans was also
detected in 4.3% of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility
testing of isolates detected Oxacillin resistant S.aureus
(ORSA) in 65% of S. aureus isolates. Enterococcus
species resistance to vancomycin (VA) was 33.4%, and that to
ampicillin (AMP) was 66.7%. Fluoroquinolones
(FQs) resistance was detected in 20% of P. aeruginosa
isolates. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance
(ESBLs) was detected in 50% of K. oxytoca
isolates, 40% of P. aeruginosa and 28.6% of K.
pneumonia isolates. Carbapenem resistance was detected only
in K. pneumonia isolates (14.2%). Conclusion: We concluded
that incidence of SSIs in orthopedic patients in Egypt is
higher than that reported in some developing countries. S.
aureus is the most common pathogens associated with
orthopedic SSIs. ORSA,
VA-resistant Enterococcus species, ESBLs producing Klebsiellae
species and P. aeruginosa, as well as FQs resistant P.
aeruginosa and carbapenem resistance K. pneumonia
pose an ongoing and increasing challenge to the
antimicrobial policy in our hospital. In orthopedic surgery
unit risk factors for SSIs that may represent points of
intervention including; limiting the number of personnel
entering the operating room, improving NNIS risk index of
patients and reduction of duration of surgery. In the era of
restricted hospital budgets and increased bacterial resistance,
long-term surveillance of SSIs rates and follow-up of
compliance may provide a way to improve performance at low
costs. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):272-280]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.31
Key words;
Surgical site
infections (SSIs); Risk factors of SSIs; S. aureus,
Oxacillin resistant S. aureus (ORSA); Extended-spectrum
cephalosporin resistance (ESBLs); Carbapenem resistance
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A Hybrid Approach
for Minimizing Spurious Trips in Hard Real-Time Systems
1Mahmood Ahmed, Dr. 1Muhammad Shoaib.
1Department of Computer Science & Engineering
1University of Engineering and Technology
Lahore, Pakistan
mahmoodahmedmughal@gmail.com;
shoaib_uet@hotmail.com
Abstract: In
this paper a hybrid neural network and rule based approach for
spurious trips minimization in hard real time systems such as
nuclear reactor power plants is proposed. This approach is a
hybrid or a mix of rule base and neural network. The purpose is
to learn from experience in the same way as humans learn from
their past experience in operation of nuclear power plant. The
approach would use artificial neural network as well as a rule
based approach for intelligent decision-making. The patters of
data will be taken from the modern control systems like DCS,
PLC etc. via OPC and is fed to the trained ANN. The output of
the algorithm will be a optimized decision. The operator can
improve his decision making based on suggested values by the
Algorithm. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):281-286].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.32
Keywords: Spurious trips, Hard Real time
system, OPC, rule base, Backpropagation
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Key
factors for implementing the lean manufacturing system
Mohammad Taleghani
Department
of Management, Islamic Azad University - Rasht Branch, IRAN.
Taleghani@iaurasht.ac.it
Abstract:
The purpose of this
paper is to provide a historical review for the role of
management in implementation of lean thinking in a lean
manufacturing environment. This paper begins with this subject
who introduces the lean manufacturing as the combination of
directions and a culture which managers could draw guidelines
for achieving benefits through that. Two basic lines of lean
manufacturing are “respect to the workforce" and
"waste elimination" which is introduced in this paper
and how these factors can cause an effective leadership during
implementations. Then, it is described that h ow companies use
the benefits of lean tools in their conception of lean
implementations, and what factors involve managers with culture
and leaderships issues. Also, this study implies that not only
it is necessary to implement most of the technical tools but an
organizations culture needs should change too. Furthermore, the
alternatives which are needed could be implemented through an
organizational value chain. Lean has a major strategic
significance, though its implementation procedure. General
approach to the supplier base viewing learns as a set of
tactics rather than embracing it as a philosophy, because lean
manufacturing has a strategic importance which the directions
could be implemented through them. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(7):287-291]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.33
Key words:
Lean Management, Success and failure factors, Lean
manufacturing
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Mutageneic effects of Kochia indica
extract on Vicia faba L.
Soliman A. Haroun*
Department of Botany, college of Science,
Kafrelsheikh University 33511, Egypt
solimanharoun@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
present study investigate the effect of Kochia indica extract
using Vicia faba L assay. All parameters
investigated were being affected. Four concentrations of 10,
20, 30 and 40% were applied for three time duration (6, 12, 24
hr). The percentage of germination and plant height are dose
and time dependent, probably due to alterations in cell cycle.
Treated roots were highly affected compared to seed treatment.
Low doses applied for short time show stimulatory effect on
germination, growth and MI parameters. On the other hand high
concentrations applied for long time gave rise to substation
reduction for all parameters investigated. The percentage of
mitotic and meiotic abnormalities increase as the concentration
increase and time prolonged. Various types of abnormalities
with special reference to micronuclei, laggards and bridges
were observed at all concentrations but more frequent at higher
doses. Following the same trend meiotic parameters of
chromosome association, chiasma frequency and pollen fertility
were being negatively affected and dose dependent. High
concentrations show low chiasma frequency, pollen fertility and
high percentage of abnormalities. Types of multivalents and
univalents were also observed.
The present studies recommend the use of this extract at
concentrations up to 30% to minimize the side effects on plants
as non target organism. It also encourages use of botanical
extracts for biological control instead of synthetic
chemicals. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(7):292-297]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.34
Keywords: kochia indica, Vicia faba, mitosis,
meiosis,chiasma,abnormalities
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Thermodynamic
parameters of zinc sorption
in some calcareous soils
F. Dandanmozd1 and A.R.
Hosseinpur2
1.Soil Sci. Dep. College of
Agri.Bu-Ali Sina Univ. Hamadan, Iran.
2.Soil Sci. Dep. College of Agri. Shahrekord Univ.
Shahrekord, Iran.
hosseinpur-a@agr.sku.ac.ir
Abstract: Sorption is one of the most chemical
important process, in which determine micronutrients
availability in soil. Sorption isotherms provide useful
information about sorption capacity of soils. Sorption data can
be used to determined sorption thermodynamic parameters. To
evaluate the sorption of zinc (Zn) onto some soils, an
experiment was conducted with ten calcareous soils of Hamadan
province in the west of Iran. Half g soil samples were
equilibrated at 25±1 and 45±1°C with 25 ml of 0.01M CaCl2
containing 0 to 30 mg L-1 Zn as ZnSO4.
Suspensions were centrifuged, filtered and concentration of Zn
in the clear extract solution was determined using atomic
absorption spectrophotometer. Amount of Zn sorbed by the soil
was calculated from difference between initial and final
concentration of Zn in the equilibrium solution. Sorption of Zn
was evaluated using adsorption isotherms. The thermodynamic
parameters viz. K○, ∆G○,
∆H○ and ∆S○ were
determined using sorption data and concentration of Zn in
equilibrium solution at two different temperatures.The results
showed that Zn Sorption was described by linear, Feeundlich,
Temkin and D-R models. The values of Ko increased
with rise in temperature from 25 to 45 °C in all the soils. The
ΔGo values at 25 °C and 45 °C were negative and
ranged from -7.00 to -16.64 and -13.24 to -41.93 kJ mol-1,
respectively. The values of ΔHo and ΔSo
were positive and ranged from 357.47 to 74.02 kJ mol-1
and 1255.97 to 281.79 J mol-1 K-1, respectively.
Evaluation of thermodynamic parameters provide an
insight into mechanism of Zn sorption in the soils. The values of ΔGo
were found negative indicating Zn sorption was
spontaneous and the values of ΔHo were positive
indicating Zn sorption was endothermic. Thermodynamic
parameters revealed Zn sorption increased as the value of Ko,
ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo
increased with temperature. Also the results showed that
calcareous soils can sorb high amounts of Zn and that thermodynamic
parameters are useful in describing Zn sorption. we suggest that such
research be done in contaminated soils. Also we suggest that
effect of thermodynamic sorption parameters on Zn uptake by
plant be done using the pot experiment. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(7):298-304]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.35
Keywords: Sorption isotherm; Calcareous soil; Zinc;
Thermodynamic parameter
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Assessment Lake Nasser Egypt Within
The Climatic Change
Elsayed Ahmed El Gammal
National Authority for Remote Sensing
and Space Science- Cairo,Egypt
Email<
egammal@hotmail.com
>
Abstract-Changes of
water level interacted with physical features in Lake Nasser to
yield positive and
negative geoenvironmental impct. In the current search, the
problem postulated in two strangle portions in the course of
the lake. First, El Madiq
strangle zone where sands fall down and drifted on stream
gradient to narrow course which exhibit shallow water on satellite
imagery. Second, the entrance of the lake subjected to new
delta initiation, with
maximum thickness concentrated in a zone lies between Km 350
and 420 from the Dam. Two positive implications also
determined, in Allaqui the
difference in water area between 1987 and 2000 is 91.9 km2.
and the difference in water extension is 25.54 km. Fine soil in
an area about 30121 km2 in the basin can
be cultivate in Allaqui. The
saturated water zone in Kurkur is closed to the land surface
and subjected to transpiration and evapotranspiration. Kurkur
vadose water can flow to the lake course and interflow water
can also migrate back to the land surface to evaporate. An area of 392
km2 ready for agriculture that can avoid Kurkur area
from evaporation.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):305-312]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.36
key words; Lake Nasser,
strangle, sand drift
and High Dam
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Application of native excretory /secretory
products from third larval instar of Chrysomya megacephala
(Diptera:Calliphoridae) on an artificial wound
1*Nancy Taha, 2Afaf Abdel-Meguid, 1Ahmed
El-ebiarie
1Department of Zoology and Entomology,
Faculty of Science, Helwan University,
2Department of Entomology,Faculty of
Science, Cairo, University, Egypt.
Abstract: The
analysis of native excretory/secretory products from third
larval instar of C.megacephala using SDS-gel electrophoresis
produces a band at 16KDa,a band between 16KDa and 23KDa and a
broad band between 23 and 45KDa.This native excretory
/secretory products cause the healing of an artificial wound in
a rabbit. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):313-317]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.37
Key Words: Chrysomya megacephala, mid-gut,
excretory/secretory products, maggot therapy
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Effect of Geometric Configuration of
Quadratic Folded Plate Roofing Systems on Their Static and
Dynamic Behavior.
1H. Elkady and 2A. Hasan
1Civil Engineering Dept., National Research Center,
Cairo, 2 Beni-suef University, Egypt.
Abstract: Some researchers proposed different
analytical methods for presenting boundary conditions, and
stiffeners effect in analytical solutions of folded plate
slabs. This study investigates the effect of each of these
factors to review the previous approximations range of validity
for longer spans Quadratic Folded Plate (Q.F.P) slabs. The
chosen elements are: Stiffness of end diaphragms, intermediate
beams stiffness, and folded plates rise (height). Besides, the
effectiveness of increasing the folded plates’ thickness
on the structural behavior of the system was investigated as
well. Hence, the impact of such variance on the static and
dynamic behavior of the system is studied. All previous
parameters were applied on systems with three different spans
14, 20 and 26 meters. In order to achieve the previous
objectives, 3-D Finite Elements Models (F.E.M) were adopted.to
perform linear static analysis on the investigated systems, and
the effect of each of the above mentioned parameters on
deflections and stresses was studied and analyzed. The studied
Q,F,P. rises varied from 90 cm to 180 cm. This doubling of rise
reduced the roof deflection by 60% Increasing Q.F.P slab
thickness from 8 to 12 cm limited this reduction in deflection
to 15%. Stiffness of intermediate beams was another investigated
factor, its original stiffness was increased up to six
time. Tripling the
intermediate beams original stiffness resulted in reducing
slabs deflections by 17%.
These parameters resulted in a similar trend in reduction
of intermediate beams bending moments. As for reduction in end
diaphragm bending moments due to changing Q.F.P rise, it
reached 40% decrease on increasing the rise from 90 to 180 cm.
Three Dimensional dynamic modal analyses were performed as
well. The effect of different diaphragms, intermediate beams,
and spans on the fundamental modes was investigated. From modal
analysis, it was concluded that increasing the span from 14 to
20 meters did not have significant effect on the fundamental
frequencies. On the other hand the 26 meters natural
frequencies were lower by 27% from both spans. Increasing the
roof rise from 90 to 180 cm increased the natural frequencies
by 25%, this can be attributed to the increase in the stiffness
of the system. Finally, the obtained results confirmed on the
diffiecency in design that can result from approximate end
conditions, or neglecting stiffners effect in analytical
modeling, especially for Q.F.P. slabs with long spans.
Consequently, elaborate numerical analysis is recommended in
dealing with longer spans Q.F.P systems, as the geometric
properties of each contributing element had obvious effect on
the overall performance of the system. It is also concluded
that folded plate rise is the most effective in the
investigated parameters, while difference in folded plate
thickness had the lowest effect on both static and dynamic
behavior of the investigated system. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(7):318-326]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.38
Key
Words: Folded plates,
height, end diaphragm, stiffness, and free vibrations
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Adsorption of (152+154)Eu
from Radioactive Waste Solution Using Modified Clay Polymer
M. Abdel
Geleel1, M.S. Sayed2, and H.A. Omar3
1National
Center for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control, Cairo, 2Radiation
Protection Department, Hot Laboratory Center, 3Radiation
Protection Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy
Authority, Egypt. Magdass7@hotmail.com
Abstract: Removal of (152+154)
Eu from it's liquid radioactive wastes using Aswan clay (C),
Aswan clay/Polyacrylonitrile (C/P) and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
was investigated. Factors affecting the polymer preparation as
weight/ratio of clay to polymer, initiator percent (benzoyl
peroxide) and temperature were tested. Characterization of the
prepared matrices as surface area, swelling properties, FTIR
and thermal properties were studied. The effect of pH, contact
time, grain size, weight of the sorbent material and
concentration of the initial adsorbent on the uptake percent of
(152+154)Eu from liquid radioactive waste were
studied. The data followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic
model. The equilibrium sorption data were described by the
Langmiur and Freundlich isotherm models. The highest value of
Langmiur maximum uptake Qmax was found to be 188.68,
155.58 and 70.92 mg.g-1 for C, C/P and PAN
respectively. The capacity of C/P to adsorb 152+154Eu
was also determined by column technique and found to be 50.66
mg/g. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(7):327-333]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.39
Key words:
Radioactive wastes/ (152+15)4Eu/ Clay/
Polyacrylonitrile/ Adsorption
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Immobilization of Liquid Radioactive Wastes by Hardened
Blended Cement - White Sand Pastes
M.S. Sayed1and
Magdy M. Khattab2*
1 Department
of Safety and Radiation Protection, Hot Laboratory Center,
Atomic Energy Authority,
2Department
of Radiation Chemistry, National Center of Radiation Research,
Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt; Magdass7@hotmail.com
Abstract: A study was undertaken to determine
the immobilization performance of blended cement pastes
contains different ratios of white sand (WS) loaded with cesium
and cobalt radioactive ions. The effect of different ratios of
white sand namely 5%, 10% and 20% on the physico-mechanical of
the prepared blended cement pastes was also studied. Particle size distribution,
X-ray diffraction, thermal stability, and FT-IR analysis of the
neat hardened blended cement (OPC) paste and with white sand as
additive have been carried out.
A pronounced increase of the compressive strength values
were observed for the hardened blended cement pastes with
different white sand ratios at different hydration time
intervals 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days comparing to the hardened
neat Portland cement (OPC) pastes. The cumulative pore volume
becomes much smaller as the percent of white sand increases in
the prepared blended cement pastes. The cumulative leach
fraction (CLF) for 137Cs and 60Co
radioactive ions from the hardened blended cement white sand
pastes after 90 days were measured. The examination of the
leaching data revealed that adding white sand to cement reduces
the leach pattern as OPC+5% white sand < OPC+10% white sand
< OPC+20% white sand < OPC only for the studied
radionuclides. A simplified mathematical model for analyzing
the migration of radioactive ions has been developed. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(7):334-341]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.40
Keywords: Cement; white sand; immobilization of
radioactive ions; leaching properties
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A Novel 3D Reconstruction Approach Based on Camera
Perspectives
Muhammad Abuzar Fahiem and Abad Shah
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology,
Lahore, Pakistan. abuzar@uet.edu.pk
Abstract:
Engineering industry requires line drawings for manufacturing,
machining and production of engineering equipments/objects. The
generation of these paper-based drawings or computerized
drawings is a complex and time consuming task. Conventionally,
these drawings contain three two dimensional (2D) orthographic
views, namely top, front and side of an object. Modern trends
in engineering industry require three dimensional (3D)
engineering drawings. Therefore, to fulfill this requirement
the conversion of these 2D drawings to 3D drawings is
essential. This conversion is referred to as the
reconstruction. Various approaches have been proposed for the
conversion/reconstruction using existing drawings. In this
paper, we propose a novel 3D reconstruction approach which uses
camera perspectives in the reconstruction process. Note that in
the existing approaches this feature (camera perspective) is
not used. Another salient feature of our approach is its
underlying mechanism of tangential lines and hypothetical
cuboid. Using our proposed approach, manufacturing cost and
time can be saved, and it can also be helpful in technology
transfer. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(7):342-352].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.41
Keywords: 3D
Reconstruction, Boundary Representation, Constructive Solid
Geometry, Tangential Lines, Hypothetical Cuboid, 3D Modeling
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Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antiparkinsonism
Activities of Some Novel Pyridazine Derivatives
Naif O. Al-Harbi 1, Saleh A. Bahashwan
2
1. Pharmacy Department, College of
Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2. Pharmacy Department, College of
Health Sciences, Taibah University, Medina Monawarah, Saudi
Arabia; drnaifalharbi@yahoo.com
Abstract: Six compounds of pyridazine derivatives
1-6 have been pharmacological screening. The pharmacological
screening showed that many of these compounds have a good
anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiparkinsonism activities
comparable to reference drugs. The compounds 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b,
and 5 were found more potent than Prednisolone (prednisolone)®
and the inhibition of plasma PGE2 for these compounds were
found more potent than prednisolone (prednisolone)®.
The analgesic activities of all compounds were more potent than
Valdecoxib (Bextra)®. Also, the compounds 1b, 2a,
and 3b are the most potent antiparkinsonism agent comparable to
Benzatropine (Benzotropene)®. The pharmacological
properties are reported. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(7):353-357]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.42
Keywords: Pyridazine; Anti-inflammatory;
Analgesic; Antiparkinsonism
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Numerical Simulation of the Mass Flow of Leachate in a
Municipal Solid Waste Fill (Part 2) - Vertical Flow Systems
Olayiwola Ademola Gbolahan Oni PhD
University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti,
Nigeria, West Africa; onilayi@gmail.com
Current Address: Proworks Ltd., 13
Newman Street, Southampton, UK
Abstract: A
numerical simulation of the mass of leachate solute in a
vertical flow system in a waste fill has been undertaken. The
simulation technique involves dividing the waste body into
refuse layers of equal and constant volumes and iterating with
different time-steps. The principle of mass conservation in
steady flow continuity has been applied to replicate the
characteristics of the measured solute in saturated and
oversaturation conditions of vertical flow in a waste fill.
Comparison of modeled and the actual measurements shows a reasonable
fit, indicating that the simulation model and underlying
principles are suitable for simulating the solute mass flux.
[Journal of American Science 2010:6(7):358-366]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
doi:10.7537/marsjas060710.43
Keywords: municipal waste, leachate solute,
simulation, vertical flow, waste layers
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This issue
is presented as online first for peer-review started from May 1,
2010.
All
comments are welcome: editor@americanscience.org
For back issues of the Journal of American Science, click here.
Emails: editor@americanscience.org;
americansciencej@gmail.com
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